scholarly journals 40 Years and More of Tire Science and Technology: A History of The Tire Society

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vehicle Safety ◽  
Annual Conference ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
History Of ◽  
Motor Vehicle Safety

ABSTRACT In the late 1960s in the United States, public interest in motor vehicle safety was at an all-time high, resulting in the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act, the Highway Safety Act, and the creation of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Around 1970, a group of industry scientists saw a need for a forum for creation of useful tire standards and dissemination of scientific knowledge about tires. This led to the formation of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Committee F-09 on tires in 1971. In 1972, the committee began publication of the journal Tire Science & Technology (TSTCA), the first peer-reviewed journal dedicated exclusively to scientific articles on tires. In 1979, ASTM ceased publication of the journal, and in 1980, members of F-09 incorporated The Tire Society to continue publication. In 1982, The Tire Society held its first annual Conference on Tire Science and Technology. Nearly 40 years later, the society has been through many changes, but the journal, the annual conference, and the core mission of encouraging and disseminating knowledge about tire science and technology remain. Through a review of documents and interviews with members of the society, this article seeks to comprehensively document the history of The Tire Society.

Automobile Safety for Children, Seat Belt Division

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 956-956
Author(s):  
William F. Rowley ◽  
Eugene Lariviere ◽  
Charles W. Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Vehicle Safety ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Safety Standard ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Automobile Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle Safety ◽  
First Time

I would like to call your readers' attention to the effective date of the Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 213, Child Seating Systems, which is April 1, 1971.1 This ruling provides that child seating systems offered for sale have to meet specifications set by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Now, for the first time, a physician, who can and should recommend that parents of young children purchase restraining devices, can be assured that these devices will provide effective restraint.

Influence of Vehicle Restraint System Design on the Kinematics and Neck Forces of a Rear Seat Small Occupant

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald S. Burke ◽  
Martha W. Bidez ◽  
Kathryn M. Mergl
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rear Seat ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Motor Vehicle Collisions ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Vehicle Collisions

In 2008, motor vehicle collisions resulted in 968 child occupant fatalities and 193,000 seriously injured children, ages 14 years old and younger, according to the most recent data provided by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) [1]. In fact, motor vehicle collisions are the leading cause of death for all children ages 3 to 14 years old living in the United States [1]. As children grow older they require size-appropriate restraint types to fit their body at each developmental level. For older children, booster seats are not a total solution for child safety as they are often dependent on the design of the vehicle seat belt system (2). Additionally, there is no federal standard that requires vehicle manufacturers to dynamically test the performance of child seats of any type in their vehicles.

Motor Vehicle Injury in Childhood

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 247-254
Author(s):  
Katherine K. Christoffel ◽  
Robert Tanz
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle Injury ◽  
Motor Vehicle Injuries

OVERVIEW OF EPIDEMIOLOGY In 1980 approximately 2 million Americans of all ages sustained motor vehicle injuries, and more than 52,000 died. Of the victims, nearly one quarter of a million injuries and 4,100 deaths involved children less than 15 years of age. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has estimated that approximately 2/100 infants born today will die in a traffic accident, and that two thirds of all infants born today will suffer injuries in such an accident. A statement by the American Association of Automotive Medicine, in its Guide for Medical Association Committee on Traffic Safety, helps to put the problem of motor vehicle injury further into perspective: "Cardiovascular disease, cancer, and stroke claim more lives, but many more young people, with many more remaining years of life, are killed or injured on the highway." In the United States, motor vehicle injury is the leading killer of children aged 1 to 4 years and of young adults; it ranks ahead of the malignancies, infectious diseases, and congenital anomalies (Table 1). For infants <1 year of age, although the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and diseases related to perinatal and birth disorders lead the list, motor vehicle mortality is actually higher for infants than for older children (Fig 1).

Measuring the Effectiveness of Vehicle Inspection Regulations in Different States of the U.S.

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (5) ◽  
pp. 208-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subasish Das ◽  
Srinivas R. Geedipally ◽  
Karen Dixon ◽  
Xiaoduan Sun ◽  
Chaolun Ma
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Vehicle Safety ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Manufacturing Defects ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Vehicle Inspection ◽  
The U.S

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s (NHTSA) guideline on state motor vehicle inspection programs recommends that states should maintain a vehicle safety inspection program to reduce the crash outcomes from the number of vehicles with existing or potential conditions. Some states have started to terminate the vehicle safety inspection program because of insufficient effectiveness measures, budget constraints, and modern safer automobiles. Despite the consensus that these periodic inspection programs improve vehicle condition and improve safety, research remains inconclusive about the effect of safety inspection programs on crash outcomes. There is little recent research on the relationship between vehicle safety inspection programs and whether these programs reduce crash rates or crash severities. According to the 2011–2016 Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) data, nearly 2.6% of fatal crashes happened as a result of the vehicle’s pre-existing manufacturing defects. NHTSA’s vehicle complaint database incorporates more than 1.4 million complaint reports. These reports contain extended information on vehicle-related disruptions. Around 5% of these reports involve some level of injury or fatalities. This study used these two databases to determine the effectiveness of vehicle inspection regulation programs in different states of the U.S. A statistical significance test was performed to determine the effectiveness of the vehicle safety inspection programs based on the states with and without safety inspection in place. This study concludes that there is a need for vehicle safety inspections to be continued for the reduction of vehicle complaints.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Winter-Precipitation-Related Transportation Fatalities in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan W. Black ◽  
Thomas L. Mote
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Winter Weather ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Temporal Characteristics ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Characteristics

Abstract Winter precipitation can be very disruptive to travel by aircraft and by motor vehicles. Vehicle fatalities due to winter precipitation are considered “indirect” and are not counted in Storm Data, the publication commonly used to evaluate losses from meteorological hazards. The goal of this study is to examine the spatial and temporal characteristics of these indirect transportation fatalities that involve winter precipitation for the period 1975–2011. Motor vehicle fatalities were gathered from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s (NHTSA) Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) database, while aviation fatalities were collected from the National Transportation Safety Board’s (NTSB) Aviation Accident database. Statistical analysis and geographic information systems (GIS) were used to assess the spatial and temporal characteristics of these deaths. Most winter-precipitation-related motor vehicle fatalities occur during the daylight hours. Fatal motor vehicle accident rates are higher than expected in the Northeast and Great Lakes regions, while winter-precipitation-related aviation fatalities are most common in the western United States. Vehicle fatality counts due to winter weather are compared to fatality counts for various hazards from Storm Data to highlight the differences between the datasets. Because of the exclusion of vehicle fatalities, Storm Data underestimates by an order of magnitude the number of fatalities that involve winter weather each year. It is hoped that a better understanding of winter precipitation mortality can be applied in order to reduce fatalities in the future.

Children Riding in the Back of Pickup Trucks: A Neglected Safety Issue

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-691
Author(s):  
George A. Woodward ◽  
Robert G. Bolte
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Pickup Truck ◽  
Pertinent Data

Motor vehicle-related trauma is the leading cause of death in children in the United States. All states have pediatric restraint requirements for passenger vehicles to help prevent these deaths and injuries. Only a few states, however, possess safety laws or restrictions for passengers who ride in the back of pickup trucks. A retrospective review of medical records for a 40-month period revealed 40 patients whose injuries were a direct result of being a passenger in the cargo area (bed) of a pickup truck. Their injuries and other pertinent data are discussed. Representatives from the Highway Safety Commission of each state were surveyed about their specific highway safety laws. The responses revealed that all states and the District of Columbia have child restraint requirements for passenger automobiles, 34 states have adult restraint laws, but only 17 states have any type of restriction for passengers riding in the back of pickup trucks. Seventy-one percent of the states with pickup truck regulations include only the preschool-age child. Data from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration concerning pickup trucks and passenger fatality are presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Driving Blind: Weather-Related Vision Hazards and Fatal Motor Vehicle Crashes

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walker S. Ashley ◽  
Stephen Strader ◽  
Douglas C. Dziubla ◽  
Alex Haberlie
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Fatal Crashes ◽  
Vehicular Crashes ◽  
National Analysis

Abstract Visibility-related weather hazards have significant impacts on motor vehicle operators because of decreased driver vision, reduced roadway speed, amplified speed variability, and elevated crash risk. This research presents a national analysis of fog-, smoke-, and dust storm–associated vehicular fatalities in the United States. Initially, a database of weather-related motor vehicle crash fatalities from 1994 to 2011 is constructed from National Highway Traffic Safety Administration data. Thereafter, spatiotemporal analyses of visibility-related (crashes where a vision hazard was reported at time of event) and vision-obscured (driver’s vision was recorded as obscured by weather, and a weather-related vision hazard was reported) fatal vehicular crashes are presented. Results reveal that the annual number of fatalities associated with weather-related, vision-obscured vehicular crashes is comparable to those of more notable and captivating hazards such as tornadoes, floods, tropical cyclones, and lightning. The majority of these vision-obscured crash fatalities occurred in fog, on state and U.S. numbered highways, during the cool season and during the morning commuting hours of 0500 to 0800 local time. Areas that experience the greatest frequencies of vision-obscured fatal crashes are located in the Central Valley of California, Appalachian Mountain and mid-Atlantic region, the Midwest, and along the Gulf Coast. From 2007 to 2011, 72% of all vision-obscured fatal crashes occurred when there was no National Weather Service weather-related visibility advisory in effect. The deadliest weather-related visibility hazard crashes during the period are exhibited, revealing a spectrum of environmental and geographical settings that can trigger these high-end events.

Side Impact Pediatric Injury Studies

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Sances ◽  
John Harcourt ◽  
Srirangam Kumaresan
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Vehicle Safety ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Pediatric Injury ◽  
Side Impacts ◽  
Serious Injuries ◽  
Impact Injury

Abstract Side impact injury and intrusion has been studied for many decades. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) side impacts account for 30% of all fatalities and 34% of all serious injuries to passenger car occupants [1,2]. A discussion of the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 214 on the impactor, impacted vehicle and occupant motion is reported [3].

Hispanic Involvement in Motor Vehicle Accidents

1996 ◽  
Vol 1560 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Sandra Sainz ◽  
Mitsuru Saito
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Diverse Groups

Many traffic safety-related programs developed by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) have helped raise the awareness of traffic safety in the United States. So far, the majority of the programs have been geared to English-speaking, average, middle-class Americans. However, because of the surge of immigrants from non-English-speaking countries and an increase in their involvement in motor vehicle accidents, the need for reaching culturally diverse groups has increased. The involvement of Hispanics, the nation's third-largest ethnic group, in motor vehicle accidents is becoming an important agenda. Nationwide, motor vehicle accidents are the third leading cause of death for Hispanics after heart disease and cancer. In spite of this trend, no comprehensive summary of traffic accidents involving Hispanics and their attitude toward traffic safety has been compiled. A study showed a lack of traffic injury and fatality data for Hispanics and a lack of uniformity in reporting such data. Deaths due to motor vehicle accidents were high among Hispanics in their most productive period. Considering the pyramid demographic pattern of Hispanics, traffic safety will be a serious issue in the Hispanic community in the near future.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document