scholarly journals Characterization of Color Differences for Color Palettes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (28) ◽  
pp. 232-236
Author(s):  
Jialu Wu ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Minchen Wei ◽  
Kaida Xiao ◽  
Stephen Westland
Keyword(s):  
Computer Graphics ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Difference Model ◽  
Color Palette ◽  
Reference Set ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
Multiple Patches ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Perceived Color

Various color difference metrics were developed for characterizing the perceived color difference between individual color patches. Color difference between palettes containing multiple color patches, however, is critically important in product design and computer graphics. This study aimed to investigate how the perceived color difference between a pair of color palettes containing more than a single color patch is affected by the order and number of color patches in the palette. Two reference color sets were generated and each set had four color palettes containing 1, 4, 9, and 16 color patches that were arranged as 1 × 1, 2 × 2, 3 × 3, and 4 × 4 patterns. Human observers scaled the color differences between a color palette of the reference set and a color palette that had revised colors, or revised orders, or a combination of revised colors and orders compared to the reference palette. The calculated color differences between the two palettes were derived using the Minimum Color Difference Model (MICDM) algorithm proposed in a recent work with different color difference metrics, including CIELAB, CMC, CIE94, and DE2000. It was found that the perceived color differences of pairs of individual color patches were significantly larger than those containing multiple patches, when the calculated color differences were the same. The color differences metrics, except for CIE94, had similar performance when characterizing perceived color differences between color palettes.

Color difference formulae evaluation by method of adjustment

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Abbasi ◽  
M. Vik ◽  
M. Vikova
Keyword(s):  
Color Difference ◽  
Psychophysical Method ◽  
Psychophysical Experiment ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Method Of Adjustment ◽  
Visual Results ◽  
Test Color

This experiment was carried out to test color difference formulae by method of adjustment. 6 different color centers (Red, Yellow, Green, Blue-Green, Blue and Violet) were chosen for this psychophysical experiment. 336 virtual sample pairs were prepared. The mean color difference was three CIELAB units. Each pair was assessed by a panel of 15 observers using psychophysical methods called Method of Adjustment. These visual data were used to test color-difference formulae: CIELAB, CMC, CIE94, DIN99d and CIE2000 with the help of simple statistical measures i.e., PF/3 and Stress. It was found that the visual results obtained from psychophysical method of adjustment show that CIE94 as well as DIN99d still perform well for small color differences.

Comparative Study of Ink-Jet Color Proofing Systems Based on Color Management

2014 ◽  
Vol 910 ◽  
pp. 405-409
Author(s):  
Chang Xian Cheng ◽  
Yan Mei Liang
Keyword(s):  
Color Difference ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Color Management ◽  
Color Matching ◽  
Color Gamut ◽  
Matching Effect ◽  
Ink Jet ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
Jet Printing ◽  
Different Color

Abstract. In order to study the color matching effect of ink-jet printing press under different color management systems. I applied EFI and ORIS series color management soft wares separately to the same Epson ink-jet printer and optimized the proofing with exploring the most reasonable settings. After that, I will compare the gamut and color difference in a special color management module, and also make a contrast with a standard color gamut to check the color matching effect. The results show that the average color differences of the two soft wares are all below 1.0. However, differences measured by ORIS is lower, falling to 0.5 only, which implies the proofing under ORIS color management is more similar to the presswork and more stable.

scholarly journals A MONITORING METHOD OF COLOR DECAYING FOR COLORED PATTERNS IN ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W11 ◽  
pp. 1193-1198
Author(s):  
L. Zhang ◽  
J. Xie ◽  
L. Qin ◽  
Z. Liu ◽  
G. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Good Health ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Special Part ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
The Status ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Colored Pattern

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> As a special part of architectural heritage, the colored pattern is not only artwork to decorate the architecture, but information reflecting specific historical era. So it has great cultural and artistic value. However, the colored pattern is one of the most sensitive types of cultural relics, which is sensitive to natural environment changes and highly vulnerable to erosion. In order to strengthen the protection of colored patterns in history architectures, it is necessary to monitor the status quo of them.</p><p>This work introduces a monitoring method of color decaying for colored patterns in architecture: set up the illuminants, adjust the illuminants, detect the color information and calculate the color difference. Based on the color difference by CIE DE2000 formula, the color decaying status of the pattern can be evaluated. The monitoring period should be at least three months.</p><p>About four years’ work has been carried out for colored patterns in the Long Corridor of the Summer Palace, and the color differences &amp;Delta;E<sub>00</sub> are about from 2 to 5, some can be over 9. In result, most colored patterns keep in good health condition. Color decaying happens every time and there are slight changes in most colored patterns. In 2nd quarter 2017, aware changes happened in nearly all the patterns. According to the color difference to evaluate the color decaying of the colored patterns, it is an efficient method to analyze the health status of colored patterns.</p>

scholarly journals Strip-pair comparison method for building threshold color-difference model: theoretical model validation

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (14) ◽  
pp. 21336
Author(s):  
Fernando Brusola ◽  
Ignacio Tortajada ◽  
Ismael Lengua ◽  
Begoña Jordá ◽  
Guillermo Peris-Fajarnés
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Model Validation ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Difference Model ◽  
Pair Comparison

Comparative Experiment of Color Reproduction Methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 1051 ◽  
pp. 967-970
Author(s):  
Qi Jia ◽  
Xu Liang Lv ◽  
Wei Dong Xu ◽  
Jiang Hua Hu ◽  
Xian Hui Rong
Keyword(s):  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Comparative Experiment ◽  
Color Reproduction ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Time Image

Digital camera which has the advantage of real-time image transferring and easily processing is more and more widely used in the packaging and printing industry with the rapid development of high-tech electronics industry. However, the color in digital camera is not accurate which affect the application. To minimize the color difference between the color in the digital camera and the real color, the color reproduction methods is developing. The field comparative experiment is carried out to compare the performance of color reproduction methods, such as polynomial regression algorithm in different color space, and color checker passport. The results show that fourth order polynomial regression color reproduction in XYZ color space has the best performance.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cleaning Processes Using Colorimetric and Spectral Data for the Removal of Layers of Limewash from Medieval Plasterwork

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 7147
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Martínez-Domingo ◽  
Ana Isabel Calero Castillo ◽  
Eva Vivar García ◽  
Eva M. Valero
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Cleaning Process ◽  
Heritage Preservation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cultural Heritage Preservation ◽  
Conservation Interventions

In the cultural heritage preservation of medieval buildings, it is common to find plaster walls covered in lime, which previously were painted in polychromy. The conservation interventions usually try to remove the whitewash, whilst maintaining the original color of the painted wall as much as possible. However, there is no agreement on which cleaning technique best preserves the original appearance of the colored plaster. Different pigments found below the lime layer may behave differently depending on the cleaning technique used. Usually, colorimetric or photometric area-based measurements are carried out to study the color of the cleaned areas to compare with their original color, obtained from pre-made plaster probes. However, this methodology fails when the mean color difference is not enough to fully characterize the changes in texture and color appearance. This study presents a set of experiments carried out using two different pigments (cinnabar and malachite) covered with lime, and treated with nine different cleaning techniques on plaster probes prepared according to medieval techniques. We have studied the effect of the cleaning process on the color and the homogeneity of the samples using a hyperspectral imaging workflow. Four different analysis methods are presented and discussed. Our results show that the proposed analysis is able to provide a much more comprehensive and diversified characterization of the quality of the cleaning method compared to the commonly used colorimetric or photometric area-based measurements.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Natural Bleaching Gels Used in Cosmetic Dentistry

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amalia Mazilu (Moldovan) ◽  
Codruta Sarosi ◽  
Marioara Moldovan ◽  
Filip Miuta ◽  
Doina Prodan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Color Shift ◽  
Follicle Stem Cells ◽  
Bleaching Gels

The novelty of this study consists of the formulation and characterization of three experimental bleaching gels with hydroxylapatite oxides and fluorine (G28®, G29®, G30®) based on natural fruit extracts compared to the commercial Opalescence 15% (GC, Ultradent, South Jordan, UT, USA). Studies have been conducted on the effect that the experimental bleaching gels have on the color and morphology of different restorative materials (Nanofill®-Schulzer, P.L. Superior Dental Materials GmbH, Hamburg, Germany, and experimental nanocomposites (P11®, P31®, P61®)), immersed in coffee and artificial saliva (for 10 days and 30 days). The study also includes a cytotoxicity test on the gels and nanocomposites after bleaching, with ISO 109993-5 protocols on human dental follicle stem cells. UV-VIS spectroscopy, computerized measurement, and fluorescence spectrometry were used in order to observe the color changes, while the microstructure of the surface was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). All of the samples immersed in coffee showed the highest color shift in comparison to the baseline. The color difference ΔE values obtained using the two methods (UV-Vis, computerized based on digital images) both after coloring and bleaching, respectively, were different for all four types of nanocomposites stored in the coffee, while no difference was observed in those stored in artificial saliva. The studied experimental gels and nanocomposites had a low cytotoxic effect on cell cultures after bleaching.

scholarly journals What Color Does the Consumer See? Perceived Color Differences in Plastic Products in an LED-Lit Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 5985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Dou ◽  
Chih-Fu Wu ◽  
Kai-Chieh Lin ◽  
Jeih-Jang Liou
Keyword(s):  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Visual Sensitivity ◽  
Color Temperature ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Actual Color ◽  
Human Eyes ◽  
Perceived Color ◽  
Plastic Products

To attract customers and increase market opportunities, retailers frequently use lighting to highlight the color of their products. However, differences between perceived and actual color, triggered by display lighting, can motivate buyers to discard products after purchase. Few studies have been reported on differences in perceived color, caused by LEDs. This study focuses on two correlated color temperatures (2800 K, 4000 K) and illuminance levels (500 lx, 1500 lx) to create four LED-lit environments, and measures the differences in the color perceived by 20 observers on acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) plastics, with different surfaces, under these four environments. The results reveal that correlated color temperature results in larger perceived differences in color than illuminance, and the effects of LED light sources on green and yellow ABS plastic products are more obvious than their effects on red and blue products. One possible reason for this can be attributed to the visual sensitivity effect of human eyes. The results of this study can serve as a reference for designers fabricating ABS plastic products for practical lighting applications, and improving the role of LED lighting in sustainable development.

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