scholarly journals Occupational Radiation Exposure to Workers Used18F-FDG

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ali Wabdan
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Thermoluminescent Dosimeters ◽  
Medical Physicist ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Medical Physicists ◽  
The Mean ◽  
18F Fdg

The increasing interest of medical institutes in the development of imaging services to include the hybrid system [Positron Emission Tomography combined with Computed Tomography(PET/CT)], this system is acquiring explosive growth due to its ability to accurately detect and stage many types of cancer and follow the progress of treatments. An increasing demand for use of (18F-FDG PET) in oncology has been the main reason for its growth. The physical characteristics of positron emissions result in higher radiation risk for staff and growing use of PET/CT for diagnostic purposes increase radiation exposure. The objective of this study was to estimate the radiation exposure to the medical physicists, technicians and nurses working in three Egyptian nuclear medicine institutes under our investigations, based on the whole body collective dose measured by thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and the effective dose per study received by medical staff were measured by electronic pocked dosimeters and the finger doses by ring dosimeter during a period of six months. The (mean± SD) dose measured per PET/CT procedure were (2.45±0.137, 3.22±0.218 and 1.69±0.11) μSv for the medical physicist, technician and nurse respectively. The (mean± SD) dose measured per MBq of 18F-FDG were (7.35±0.43, 9.73±0.66 and 5.13±0.33) nSv/MBq for the medical physicist, technician and nurse respectively. The (mean± SD) finger dose measured per 18F-FDGPET/CT scans were (179.9±24.94, 8.82±2.912 and 24.15±4.164) μSv for the medical physicist, technician and nurse respectively.

POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY WITH 18F -FDG IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PROSTHETIC HEART VALVE ENDOCARDITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1151-1160
Author(s):  
A.S. Lukashevich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Prosthetic Heart Valve ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
18F Fdg ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the diagnostic significance of positron emission tomography / computed tomography with 18F -fluorodeoxyglucose (18F -FDG PET/CT) for the diagnosis of prosthetic endocarditis. Methods of research. The study included 82 patients with suspected prosthetic endocarditis in accordance with the criteria proposed by Duke University [1-5]. The patients received hospital treatment at the State Institution RSPC "Cardiology" from January 2016 to March 2021. The study was of a prospective, non-randomized, single-center cohort design. The duration of the monitor period was 12 months from the moment of patients’ inclusion in the study. Whole-body positron emission tomography / computed tomography (PET/CT) examinations were performed in 82 patients. 27 patients were selected for surgical treatment. Conservative treatment group included 16 patients. 27 patients were selected into the observation group, they were suspected to have prosthetic heart valve infection in the primary referral and underwent PET/CT scanning, according to which the diagnosis of prosthetic endocarditis was excluded. The event under the study did not develop in this group during the year of observation. Results and conclusion. The history of infective endocarditis was not statistically significant and did not increase the risk of developing prosthetic endocarditis in the sample presented. The Duke criteria are less reliable in establishing the diagnosis of prosthetic endocarditis. The median number of days from the date of the first prosthesis implantation to the onset of prosthetic endocarditis was about 4 years. This study revealed that the development of the infectious process in the area of the prosthesis was noted in a more distant postoperative period compared to literature data. Histological confirmation of infection was noted in 100% (27 patients) of cases in reoperated patients. The presence of a more formidable complication such as valve ring abscess located mainly in the projection of the aortic valve ring was quite common in both groups. Presepsin and Interleukin-6 have a statistically significant (U = 394,50 p = 0,01 and U = 94,50 p = 0.004) value in the prognosis of prosthetic endocarditis. Considering the data obtained from ROC analysis, it can be said that the cut-off point at which it is possible to diagnose prosthetic endocarditis based on PETCT is 2.85. The presented methods for the interpretation of whole-body FDG-PET/CT images of patients with suspected infectious complications after cardiac surgery, as well as with the presence of prosthetic endocarditis, show high sensitivity and specificity.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Diagnostic Value of MRI and Whole Body 18F-FDG PET/CT in Diagnosis of Spondylodiscitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1581
Author(s):  
Corinna Altini ◽  
Valentina Lavelli ◽  
Artor Niccoli-Asabella ◽  
Angela Sardaro ◽  
Alessia Branca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Spine Infection ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
18F Fdg ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct ◽  
Ct And Mri

Spondylodiscitis is a spine infection for which a diagnosis by a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered the most appropriate imaging technique. The aim of this study was to compare the role of an 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) and an MRI in this field. For 56 patients with suspected spondylodiscitis for whom MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT were performed, we retrospectively analyzed the results. Cohen’s κ was applied to evaluate the agreement between the two techniques in all patients and in subgroups with a different number of spinal districts analyzed by the MRI. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were also evaluated. The agreements of the 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI in the evaluation of the entire population, whole-spine MRI, and two-districts MRI were moderate (κ = 0.456, κ = 0.432, and κ = 0.429, respectively). In patients for whom one-district MRI was performed, 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI were both positive and completely concordant (κ = 1). We also separately evaluated patients with suspected spondylodiscitis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis for whom the MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT were always concordant excepting in 2 of the 18 (11%) patients. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT were 100%, 60%, 97%, and 92%, 100%, and 94%, respectively. Our results confirmed the 18F-FDG PET/CT diagnostic value in the diagnosis of spondylodiscitis is comparable to that of MRI for the entire spine evaluation. This could be considered a complementary technique or a valid alternative to MRI.

scholarly journals Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Radiopharmaceuticals in Multiple Myeloma

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Sachpekidis ◽  
Hartmut Goldschmidt ◽  
Antonia Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Disease ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
18F Fdg

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell disorder, characterized by clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Bone disease is the most frequent feature and an end-organ defining indicator of MM. In this context, imaging plays a pivotal role in the management of the malignancy. For several decades whole-body X-ray survey (WBXR) has been applied for the diagnosis and staging of bone disease in MM. However, the serious drawbacks of WBXR have led to its gradual replacement from novel imaging modalities, such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). PET/CT, with the tracer 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), is now considered a powerful diagnostic tool for the detection of medullary and extramedullary disease at the time of diagnosis, a reliable predictor of survival as well as the most robust modality for treatment response evaluation in MM. On the other hand, 18F-FDG carries its own limitations as a radiopharmaceutical, including a rather poor sensitivity for the detection of diffuse bone marrow infiltration, a relatively low specificity, and the lack of widely applied, established criteria for image interpretation. This has led to the development of several alternative PET tracers, some of which with promising results regarding MM detection. The aim of this review article is to outline the major applications of PET/CT with different radiopharmaceuticals in the clinical practice of MM.

scholarly journals Utility of flouro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the diagnostic and staging evaluation of patients with primary CNS lymphoma

CNS Oncology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. CNS46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meetakshi Gupta ◽  
Tejpal Gupta ◽  
Nilendu Purandare ◽  
Venkatesh Rangarajan ◽  
Ameya Puranik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Standardized Uptake Value ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Cns Lymphoma ◽  
Maximum Standardized Uptake Value ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
18F Fdg ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

Aim: To prospectively assess the clinical utility of pretreatment flouro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) in patients with primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma (PCNSL). Materials & methods: Patients with suspected/proven PCNSL underwent baseline whole-body 18F-FDG-PET/CT. Maximum standardized uptake value and tumor/normal tissue ratios were compared between CNS lymphoma and other histological diagnoses. Results: The mean maximum standardized uptake value (27.5 vs 18.2; p = 0.001) and mean tumor/normal tissue ratio (2.34 vs 1.53; p < 0.001) of CNS lymphoma was significantly higher than other histologic diagnoses. Five of 50 (10%) patients with biopsy-proven CNS lymphomas had pathologically increased FDG-uptake at extraneuraxial sites uncovering systemic lymphoma. Conclusion: Pretreatment whole-body 18F-FDG-PET/CT provides valuable complementary information in the diagnostic and staging evaluation of patients with PCNSL to guide therapeutic decision-making.

Radiation exposure of patients undergoing whole-body FDG-PET/CT examinations

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (05) ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Noßke ◽  
U. Leche ◽  
G. Brix
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Organ Doses ◽  
Weighting Factors ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Conversion Coefficients ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

SummaryAim: Reinvestigation of the radiation exposure of patients undergoing whole-body [18F]FDG-PET/CT examinations pursuant to the revised recommendations of the ICRP. Methods: Conversion coefficients for equivalent organ doses were determined for realistic anthropomorphic phantoms of reference persons. Based on these data, conversion coefficients for the effective dose were calculated using the revised tissue-weighting factors that account for the different radiation susceptibilities of organs and tissues, and the redefinition of the group ‘remainder tissues’. Results: Despite the markedly changed values of the equivalent organ doses estimated for FDG and of the tissue-weighting factors, the conversion coefficient for the effective dose resulting from FDG administration decreases only slightly by 10 %. For whole-body CT scans it remains even unchanged. Conclusion: The updated dose coefficients provide a valuable tool to easily assess the generic radiation risk of patients undergoing whole- body PET/CT (or PET/MRI) examinations and can be used, amongst others, for protocol optimization.

scholarly journals The diagnostic significance of breast incidentalomas detected on whole-body fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography

2015 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 092-096
Author(s):  
Shelly Sharma ◽  
Ankur Pruthi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Focal Uptake ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to establish the diagnostic significance of breast incidentalomas detected on whole-body fluorine-18 (18F) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 3868 patients who underwent 18F FDG PET/CT at our institution, for the presence of hypermetabolic focus in the breasts. Patients with known breast cancer or with the previous history of breast cancer were excluded from the study. Ten out of remaining 3868 patients had abnormal focal uptake in the breast. We, therefore, enrolled these 10 patients with histopathology confirmation in this study. Results: Among all 3868 patients, 10 (0.25%) patients demonstrated incidental focal uptake in breast parenchyma. All of these 10 patients were females. Histopathology examination confirmed malignancy in 8 out of 10 patients (80%), these included invasive ductal cancer in 4 patients, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in 2 patients, and metastasis from rectal cancer and endometrial cancer, respectively, in 2 patients. Of the 10 patients, 2 (20%) had lesions that were confirmed to be benign. Both of these were proven to be fibroadenomas. The mean maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on FDG-PET/CT scans was 1.35 ± 1.2 in the benign cases versus 3.8 ± 1.83 in the malignant cases. This difference was statistically insignificant (P = 0.056). All malignant lesions had SUVmax 2.0 or greater. The mean size differed significantly between the benign and malignant groups (2.55 ± 0.63 vs. 1.31 ± 0.44 cm) (P = 0.005) with benign lesions being bigger in size. Conclusion: Unexpected focal areas of hypermetabolic activity discovered in the breast at the time of PET/CT are associated with a high likelihood of malignancy in as many as 80% of cases. Therefore, any suspicious activity discovered in the breast on PET/CT should be evaluated until a diagnosis is found.

scholarly journals The Multicenter Italian Trial Assesses the Performance of FDG-PET /CT Related to Pre-Test Cancer Risk in Patients with Solitary Pulmo n ary Nodules and Introduces a Segmental Thoracic Diagnostic Strategy

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
Marco Spadafora ◽  
Laura Evangelista ◽  
Salvatore Fiordoro ◽  
Francesco Porcaro ◽  
Marilena Sicignano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Fdg Uptake ◽  
Scan Time ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
18F Fdg ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

Purpose: The Italian Tailored Assessment of Lung Indeterminate Accidental Nodule (ITALIAN) trial is a trial drawn to determine the performance of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in patients with solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN), stratified for a different kind of risk. An additional end-point was to compare the diagnostic information and estimated dosimetry, provided by a segmental PET/CT (s-PET/CT) acquisition instead of a whole body PET/CT (wb-PET/CT), in order to evaluate if segmental thoracic PET/CT can be used in patients with SPN. Methods: 18F-FDG PET/CT of 502 patients, stratified for pre-test cancer risk, was retrospectively analyzed. FDG uptake in SPN was assessed by a 4-point scoring (4PS) system and a semiquantitative analysis using the ratio between SUVmax in SPN and SUVmean in mediastinal blood pool (BP), and between SUVmax in SPN and SUVmean in the liver (L). Histopathology and/or follow-up data were used as a standard of reference. Data obtained on the thoracic part of wb-PET/CT, defined as s - PET/CT, were compared with those deriving from wb-PET/CT. Results: SPNs were malignant in 180 patients (36%), benign in 175 (35%), and indeterminate in 147 (29%). The 355 patients diagnosed with a definitive SPN nature (malignant or benign) were considered for the analysis of PET performance. Sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values, and accuracy were 85.6%, 85.7%, 86%, 85.2%, and 85.6%, respectively. Sensitivity and PPV were higher in intermediate and high-risk patients. : 18F-FDG uptake indicative of thoracic and extra-thoracic lesions was detectable in 13% and 3% of the patients. Compared to wb-PET/CT, s-PET/CT could save about 2/3 of 18F-FDG dose, radiation exposure or scan-time, without affecting the clinical impact of PET/CT. Conclusion: In patients with SPN, the pre-test likelihood of malignancy stratification allows to better define PET clinical setting and its diagnostic power. In subjects with low-intermediate pre-test likelihood of malignancy, s-PET/CT might be planned in advance. The adoption of this segmental strategy could reduce radiation exposure, scan-time, and might allow individually targeted protocols.

scholarly journals Assessment of Radiation Risk from Background Radiation Exposures in Selected Hospitals within Makurdi Metropolis, North-Central, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
O. Y. Omogunloye ◽  
A. T. Adepoju ◽  
P. Kururimam
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
North Central ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

In this study, a radiation alert meter was used to measure background ionizing radiation levels in four hospitals in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, North Central, Nigeria. This aimed to determine the radiological health implications of the measured background ionizing radiation study area's populace. The background ionizing radiation exposure rate (indoor and outdoor) measured ranged from 0.0014 to 0.0019 mRhr-1 with average value 0.0017 mRhr-1, 0.0015 to 0.0024 mRhr-1 with average value 0.0019 mRhr-1, 0.0013 to 0.0025 mRhr-1 with average value 0.0018 mRhr-1 and 0.0012 to 0.0024 mRhr-1 with average value 0.0018 mRhr-1 for the selected hospitals A, B, C and D, respectively. The study showed that the mean equivalent dose rate levels are within the international commission on radiological protection's standard permissible limits. The mean annual effective dose equivalent (indoor and outdoor) for all the selected hospitals is within the recommended permissible limits of 1.00 mSvy-1 for the general public. In the selected hospitals A, B, C, and D, the estimated Dorgan values for the lungs, ovaries, bone marrow, testes, kidney, liver, and whole-body due to radiation exposure and inhalation are below tolerable international limits of 1.0 mSv yearly. Hence the selected hospitals are radiologically safe.

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