scholarly journals Slipware from Tykocin Castle (Poland) from the 16th–18th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 49-77
Author(s):  
Magdalena Bis
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

The main goal of this article is to analyse post-medieval slipware found during archaeological excavations in Tykocin Castle and to describe its distinguishing features: decorative characteristics and forms. Further considerations are aimed at reconstructing the functions of the Tykocin slipware vessels in the castle household throughout the 16th to 18th centuries and attempting to determine their provenance. The analysis is preceded by the list of terminological problems pertaining to this pottery group in the Polish literature as well as elementary information on its production centres in Poland against the European background.

scholarly journals Pleasure and Instruction: Generic Conventions in Emma Hart Willard’s 
Journal and Letters, from France and Great Britain

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-61
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Rutkowska
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Travel Writing ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Travel Narrative ◽  
New Type ◽  
Distinguishing Features

The purpose of the present paper is to analyse epistolary and descriptive conventions in Journal and Letters, from France and Great Britain (1833) by Emma Willard. The article argues that Willard attempts to combine the standards of 18th-century travelogue with its emphasis on instruction with a new type of autobiographical travel narrative which puts the persona of a traveller in the foreground. In this respect, Willard’s Journal and Travels, for all its didacticism, testifies to an increasing value attached to subjective experience, which was to become one of the distinguishing features of nineteenth-century travel writing.

scholarly journals Forty Years of Russian Archaeological Excavations on Spitsbergen

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.Ф. Старков ◽  
В.И. Завьялов ◽  
В.Л. Державин
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

Археологическое изучение памятников на архипелаге Шпицберген позволило получить значительную информацию о быте и деятельности поморов. Шпицбергенской экспедицией ИА РАН исследовано более сорока поморских становищ, осуществлена разведка большей части архипелага, пригодной для проживания. Анализ полученных данных позволил сделать вывод о привязке поселений к трем гипсометрическим плоскостям: на поверхности морских террас, ниже них и на уровне пляжей. Освоение поморами архипелага начинается не позднее середины XVI в. Расцвет промыслов приходится на XVIII в. В это время меняется характер поселений: вместо одиночных домов становых изб и сопутствующих им станков появляются поселки, насчитывающие несколько жилых изб и хозяйственных построек. В ходе раскопок получена богатая и разнообразная коллекция предметов быта и орудий промыслов. Archaeological excavations of sites on the Spitsbergen archipelago provided an opportunity to collect a lot of information on a way of life and activities of the Pomors. The Spitsbergen expedition of the Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, excavated more than 40 Pomor hunting stations and did reconnaissance in a large part of the archipelago fit for living. The analysis of the data obtained concludes that settlements were built at three hypsometric altitudes, such as sea shore terraces, beneath these terraces and at the beach level. The Pomors began to exploit the archipelago not later than the mid 16th century. The hunting activities reached their peak in the 18th century which saw changes in the characteristics of the settlements: instead of detached huts called stanoviye houses and related small camps (stanoks), there appeared villages consisting of several log houses and supporting constructions. The excavations produced a rich and varied collection of household implements and hunting tools.

scholarly journals Polsko-rumuńskie konferencje w Suczawie

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 171-196
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Nowak
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Local Dialect ◽  
History Of ◽  
Romanian Literature

From 1999 Polish and Romanian humanists face each other on conferences in Suceava (Romanian Bucovina) which are part of “Polish Days” in Romania organized by the Association of Poles in Romania. Polish and Romanian historians, ethnographers, sociologists, politologists and linguists deliver lectures and discuss Polish-Romanian contacts and relations in the past and present. from the Polish part many historical lectures concern the interwar period and the problem of Polish refugees in Romania during the World War II. In the period between1918–1945 the relations between Poles and Romanians were rather friendly and now these topics are discussed most frequently. Among the Romanian historians there are more specialists on the relations between Moldova and the Polish Kingdom till the end of 18th century. Many historians focus on the Polish-Romanian relations in the years 1945–1989. Most of the lectures concerning the political present were delivered by the Poles. Cultural sections of the conference concentrate on mutual language influences, Polish–Romanian literature contacts, translations of Polish literature into Romania and Romanian literature into Poland, the analyses of literary works, Polish studies in Romania and Romanian studies in Poland, the perception of Romanian culture among the Poles and vice versa, the problems of religions, education, libraries, music and tourism. Polish etnographers concentrate on the problems of Polish Bucovinians but the most discussed subject is not the history of Polish Bucovinians but their local dialect. Most of the conference lectures were printed. “Polish Days” in Suceava are the most important event organized by the very active Association of Poles in Romania and they help breaking the stereotypes and enhance the integration between the Poles and Romanians.. In general the conferences in Suceava do not have their equivalent in the contacts between humanists of other countries.

The Use of Natural Scientific Methods in the Study of Leather Items from Archaeological Excavations

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
D. O. Osipov
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Historic Center ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Early 18Th Century

This article outlines the results of analyses of footwear and other late medieval and recent leather items. Orthopedic diagnostics are used to assess an early 18th-century woman’s shoe from the historic center of Kaluga. The insole, made of tightly fitted cords, suggests that the shoe had a corrective function. Infrared spectroscopy and liquid chromatography were used to analyze the leather of which the quiver found during the excavations in Moscow was made, and to evaluate the technique whereby its surface was processed. Natural scientific methods were used to study the various types of leather and threads, and to reconstruct the decorative techniques. Leather footwear from the medieval town of Galich, near Kostroma, is compared to that from other Central Russian towns, revealing local variations in footwear and the distribution areas of its types. It is concluded that natural scientific methods are helpful in the study of such finds.

East Indiaman Amsterdam research 1984–1986

Antiquity ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (243) ◽  
pp. 363-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Gawronski
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Dutch East India Company ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Realistic View ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

Since 1984, underwater archaeological excavations have studied the Amsterdam, a ship of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). Three annual reports (Gawronski 1985; 1986; 1987) have been published by the VOC Schip Amsterdam Foundation covering excavations and research in 1984, 1985 and 1986. Rooij – Gawronski (1989) presents a detailed account of the history, methods and results of the Amsterdam project and background information about the ship and the VOC.The Amsterdam, built in 1748 in Amsterdam, was lost during her maiden voyage, outwardbound for Batavia, the modern Djakarta, in January 1749 near the little town of Hastings on the south coast of England (FIGURE 1). The excavations form part of an integrated historical and archaeological programme to create relevant historical models for understanding the ship and its contents. This project aims to contribute to a more detailed and realistic view of the shipping and trade of the VOC in the 18th century.

scholarly journals Polish Literary Legend in the Russian Historical and Cultural Context

Slovene ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 450-456
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Alpatov ◽  
Anna V. Archangelskaia
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Russian Translation ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Literary Relations ◽  
Russian Literary

This paper reviews the book Old Russian Translation of Krzysztof Dzierżek's Tale about the Astrologer Mustaeddin and its Later Reworkings (Study and Edition) by Eliza Małek, which is the ninth volume of the Library of 17th–18th Century Russian Translations of Old Polish Literature series. The book is concerned with Polish-Russian literary relations of the Early Modern period.

scholarly journals Chronological Paradoxes of Mohammed Shah Bey’ Turbe in the Bahchisaray Town

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (36) ◽  
pp. 107-120
Author(s):  
Vladimir P. Kirilko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Thin Crust ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

According to the memorial inscription without date, which is above the entrance, someone Muhammad Shah Bey ordered to build a turbe for his mother – Bey Yude Sultan. Traditionally, it is considered one of the earliest Muslim memorial buildings in Crimea and usually dates back to the 14th–15th centuries. The building is constantly cited as an example as the closest analogy during considering a some group of Golden Horde monuments – the Eastern and Northern mausoleums of Bolgar, the mausoleum of Tura Khan in Bashkiria. According to the results of excavations in 1991, the building was dated to the end of the 18th century (near 1778). These conclusions are based on numismatic material, a number of specifically signs and, mainly, stratigraphy. Scurf of the building horizon was overlapped by a layer of destroyed build mortar. This top layer is associated with the destruction and restoration of the turbe. Between themselves, these two stratigraphic periods are separated only by thin crust of trampled soil. This gives reason to think that the mausoleum was built shortly before the damage, which caused the loss of the masonry of the upper part of the main facade and roof. Otherwise, if dated the building by the 14th–15th centuries, then during the next three or four centuries a wide cultural layer would have to accumulate near its walls, above the foundation. But archaeological excavations have not revealed such layer.

scholarly journals Women’s Hairstyles and Head Ornamentation of the Yakuts in the 18th century

2021 ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
A.N. Prokopeva
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

Mass Christianization of the peoples of Yakutia (Eastern Siberia) at the end of the 18th century led to the development of a demotic Christianity throughout the 19th century. There were new rules, according to which a woman was not permitted to appear in public with her head uncovered, and therefore the marking function of the hairstyles became obsolete. This could explain the absence of rituals and rules associated with women’s hair and hairstyles in the Yakut culture of the 19th–20th centuries. The aim of this study is to prove a hypothesis, according to which pendants of hair ornamentation duplicate braids, and studying the pendants of the headrest ‘nachel’nik’ allows recreation of women’s hairstyle that had been in use before the period of mass Christianization. The article is based on the analysis of written, material, and visual sources of the 18th–19th centuries. Information about the hairstyles and adornments of the Yakuts is contained within the records of travelers of the 18th–19th centuries. Among the ethnographic works on the peoples of Siberia, one can find drawings depicting maidens and women, where particular attention is given to their hair. These materials were correlated with the data of the archaeological excavations of Yakut female burials of the 18th century. The obtained results were compared with the materials from the 19th century — photographs of women in national costumes and jewelry from museum collections. According to the results of the study, it can be stated that there was a tradition of changing maiden’s hairstyle to woman’s hairstyle in the context of the wedding ritualism. New rules of conduct, social roles, especially regulations on the appearance of women, were formalized in the society in the 19th century with the mass Christianization of the peoples of Yakutia. There were new rules, according to which a woman was not permitted to appear in public with her head uncovered, and therefore the marking function of hairstyles became obsolete. This could explain the absence of rituals and rules associated with women’s hair and hairstyles in the Yakut culture of the 19th–20th centuries.

scholarly journals Szable w kontekście badań nad bronią dawną – przyczynek do dziejów bronioznawstwa polskiego

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 59-81
Author(s):  
Mateusz Chramiec
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Art History ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Art Restoration ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Private Collections

Sabres in the context of research on historical weapons – a contribution to the history of Polish hoplology This article is an attempt to provide a comprehensive view on the history of hoplology in relation to the most popular type of weapon used in the old Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the sabre. The research history addresses the issue of modern weapons, which is motivated by the emergence of various types of sabre at that time. Research on old weapons, inspired primarily by collectors, museologists and members of academia, traditionally uses a range of methods developed by history, art history, archaeology and art restoration. Such research can also enter the field of sociology and cultural studies, provided that we take into account the fact that weapons, sabres in particular, symbolized social standing. The variety of issues, which are generally confined to the above mentioned concepts, also translates into the historiographic sphere. Because of that, it may be surprising that Polish literature on historical weapons only dates back to the second half of the 19th century. However, collectors had shown interest in military items much earlier. The first part of the article presents the most important private collections of weapons from the end of the 18th century to the beginning of the 20th century, with particular focus on the almost entirely preserved collection of Izabela Czartoryska, who founded the first museum in Poland. This layout is the starting point for presenting academic interest in military items, divided into the pre- and post-war periods.

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