Electric Impulse Technology – Breaking Rock

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Voigt ◽  
Erik Anders ◽  
Franziska Lehmann ◽  
Margarita Mezzetti ◽  
Frank Will
Keyword(s):  
Electric Impulse

scholarly journals Towards programmable friction: control of lubrication with ionic liquid mixtures by automated electrical regulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Gatti ◽  
Tobias Amann ◽  
Andreas Kailer ◽  
Norman Baltes ◽  
Jürgen Rühe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Molecular Orientation ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Mechanical Stimulus ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Surface Charges ◽  
Friction Control ◽  
Frictional Properties ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Electric Impulse

Abstract For mechanical systems in relative motion it would be fascinating if a non-mechanical stimulus could be used to directly control friction conditions. Therefore, different combinations of lubricants and external triggers for tribological influence have already been investigated. We show that when two metallic friction partners are lubricated with ionic liquid mixtures (ILM), consisting of long-chain cation and two different high charge/mass ratio anion containing ILs, the application of an electric impulse induces a permanent change of the frictional response. Such mixtures are able to alter the coefficient of friction (COF) to a greater extent, more accurately and faster than the respective single-component ILs. This change in the frictional properties is presumably due to changes in the externally induced electrical polarization at the surface, which influences the molecular adsorption, the exchange of adsorbed ions and their molecular orientation. The correlation between surface charges and friction can be used to control friction. This is achieved by implementing an electric tribo-controller which can adjust preset friction values over time. Programming friction in this way is a first step towards tribosystems that automatically adapt to changing conditions.

scholarly journals Providing Boot-Type Injection Rate Shape by Electric Impulse Control of the Common Rail Injector

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
A.Y. Dunin ◽  
M.G. Shatrov ◽  
L.N. Golubkov ◽  
A.L. Yakovenko
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Control Valve ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Common Rail Injector ◽  
Electric Impulse ◽  
The Common

For effective reduction of noise level and nitrogen oxide content in exhaust fumes of diesel engines, multistage fuel injection is used in combination with control of the front edge shape of the main injection. At the Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI), a method of control of the injection rate shape using an electric impulse was proposed, which was applied to the electromagnet of the control valve of the injector of the common rail fuel system. A computational and experimental analysis of the possibility of boot-type injection rate shape was carried out. The studies involved three most used designs of the common rail injector (CRI): CRI 1 featuring a control valve with shut-off cone and piston; CRI 2 consisting of a flat-lock control valve and a needle, which does not overlap the drain when the needle is in the highest position; CRI 3 with an injector that partially overlaps the drain. It was established that friction in the control valve piston and the guide surface pair of CRI 1 complicated the implementation of the boot-type injection rate due to its smoothing. CRI 2 and CRI 3 provide boot-type injection rate at different pressures in the fuel accumulator. The CRI 3 example shows that the instability of fuel supply during boot-type injection rate is comparable with that of fuel pre-injection, which is widely used in the organization of the common rail diesel engines working process.

scholarly journals 301EFFECT OF THE MII-AGE AND ACTIVATION PROTOCOL ON THE PARTHENOGENETIC DEVELOPMENT OF PORCINE OOCYTES

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
I. Lagutina ◽  
G. Lazzari ◽  
C. Galli
Keyword(s):  
Cytochalasin B ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Polar Body ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Blastocyst Formation ◽  
Average Cell ◽  
Electric Impulse ◽  
Polar Body Extrusion

The completion of porcine oocyte nuclear maturation (MII) in vitro, characterized by the time of polar body extrusion, starts at about 32h of maturation and lasts more than 12h. This leads to the simultaneous presence in the population of matured oocytes with differing abilities to be activated. We investigated age-dependent changes in pig oocyte maturation, activation and development in SOFaa in response to electric impulse (EL) in the presence of cytochalasin B (CB) and EL in combination with cycloheximide and cytochalasin B (EL+CHX+CB). Oocytes were matured in TCM 199 with 10% FCS, cysteine, LH, FSH (Pergovet, Serono, Geneva, Switzerland) for 36h and then decumulated. Matured oocytes were activated at 40 and 44h by double pulse of 30μs DC 1, 5kVcm−1 and cultured in 5μgmL−1 CB for 4h or by EL followed by incubation in 10μgmL−1 CHX+5μgmL−1 CB for 4h. According to the MII-age before activation oocytes were divided into 2 age classes: 3–7 and 7–11h after polar body extrusion. Embryos were cultured in SOFaa in 5% CO2, 5% O2 at 38.5°C. The rates of cleavage, blastocyst formation and cell number of BL on Day 7 (BLD7) were recorded. Our results showed that the average rate of maturation at 44h was 72% (n=1377). About 50% and 87% of oocytes, that eventually matured, extruded the polar body at 37 and 40h, respectively. The average cell number of BLD7 developed in SOFaa was 80±36 (n=52) and was not affected by activation protocol. Seventy-nine and 27% of BL had more than 50 and 100 cells per BL, respectively. Porcine oocytes activated by EL acquired their developmental competence gradually, achieving the highest rates of cleavage and blastocyst formation 7h after polar body extrusion. By contrast, oocytes activated by EL+CHX+CB showed their maximal developmental competence earlier (3–7h group). In conclusion, we demonstrate that electric impulse in combination with CHX+CB treatment permits earlier efficient activation of porcine oocytes (3–7h after polar body extrusion).

Effects on the as-Cast Structure of 7075 Aluminum Alloy by Treating with Electrical Pulse Inoculation

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 954-958
Author(s):  
Zhong Yuan Sun ◽  
Yu Liang ◽  
Ling Feng Yu ◽  
Zhi Yi Shi
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Electric Pulse ◽  
Solidification Structure ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
7075 Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Cast Structure ◽  
Electrical Impulse ◽  
Electrical Pulses ◽  
Electric Impulse ◽  
Spherical Grains

This paper investigates the influence of electrical pulses inoculation and Al-5Ti-B on the as-cast structure of 7075 aluminum alloy. The experimental results indicate that the number of the secondary branch crystal of the solidification structure is effectively controlled, and the feature of as-cast structure achieve the equiaxial and spherical grains after the liquid 7075 Al-alloy was treated by electrical impulse inoculation and Al-5Ti-B. Compared with these samples treating without electrical impulse inoculation, the segregation of Cu and Fe is restrained to a certain extent too. Some primary refinement mechanisms analyze those effects on the solidification structure by treating with electric pulse and Al-5Ti-B; this experiment may provide a theoretical reference for the application of electric impulse in 7075 aluminum alloy.

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