Emotional Response Analysis Using Electrodermal Activity, Electrocardiogram and Eye Tracking Signals in Drivers With Various Car Setups

Journalists include ordinary people as exemplars – also known as case sources – in news stories to illustrate the general issue through their personal accounts. These accounts from exemplars tend to evoke emotions in the audience and carry greater weight than base rate information when people form perceptions or attitudes on the problem at hand. In this study, drawing on a news story in which an expert source and an exemplar provide conflicting information, we explore viewers’ emotional response to the exemplar and their perceptions of the expert source and the main message of the news story. We do this by presenting participants with two versions of a television news story – one with and one without an exemplar. We measure participants’ emotional response through a combination of open-ended and close-ended self-reports and directly through electrodermal activity, and we explore their perception of sources and the message of the story through open-ended questions. We find that viewers experience increased arousal when they watch the personal account of an exemplar, and that they tend to interpret the base rate information in the light of the exemplar’s account. Furthermore, some respondents tend to delegitimize the expert source that contradicts the account of the exemplar. We discuss the implications that these results have for journalists and provide tentative advice on which measures journalists can take to counter such effects.

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Cooperation Induces an Increase in Emotional Response, as Measured by Electrodermal Activity and Mood

Current Psychology ◽

10.1007/s12144-016-9426-2 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 366-375 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Patricia Sariñana-González ◽

Ángel Romero-Martínez ◽

Luis Moya-Albiol

Keyword(s):

Emotional Response ◽

Electrodermal Activity

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Emotional response in depersonalization: A systematic review of electrodermal activity studies

Journal of Affective Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.064 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 276 ◽

pp. 877-882

Author(s):

Mathilde Horn ◽

Thomas Fovet ◽

Guillaume Vaiva ◽

Pierre Thomas ◽

Ali Amad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Emotional Response ◽

Electrodermal Activity

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The Crowd Emotion Amplification Effect

10.31219/osf.io/cn6qy ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amit Goldenberg ◽

Erika Weisz ◽

Timothy Sweeny ◽

Mina Cikara ◽

James Gross

Keyword(s):

Eye Tracking ◽

Attentional Bias ◽

Exposure Time ◽

Emotional Response ◽

Public Speaking ◽

Effect Study ◽

Time Study ◽

Emotional Faces ◽

Amplification Effect ◽

Crowd Emotion

How do people go about reading a room or taking the temperature of a crowd? When people catch a brief glimpse of an array of faces, they can only focus their attention on some of the faces. We propose that perceivers preferentially attend to faces exhibiting strong emotions, and that this generates a crowd emotion amplification effect—estimating a crowd’s average emotional response as more extreme than it is. Study 1 (N = 50) documents the crowd amplification effect. Study 2 (N = 50) replicates the effect even when we increase exposure time. Study 3 (N = 50) uses eye-tracking to show that attentional bias to emotional faces drives amplification. These findings have important implications for many domains in which individuals have to make snap judgments regarding a crowd’s emotionality, from public speaking to controlling crowds.

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Children at risk of developing antisocial behaviours show deficits in affective empathy

10.13056/acamh.10581 ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

High Risk ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Eye Tracking ◽

Electrodermal Activity ◽

Cognitive Empathy ◽

Affective Empathy ◽

Children At Risk

Researchers in the Netherlands and UK have monitored cardiovascular and electrodermal activity and eye tracking to assess affective and cognitive empathy in children at high risk of engaging in criminal behaviours.

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Elevating Food Perceptions Through Luxury Verbal Cues: An Eye-Tracking and Electrodermal Activity Experiment

Australasian Marketing Journal ◽

10.1177/18393349211028676 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 183933492110286

Author(s):

Billy Sung ◽

Luke Butcher ◽

Julia Easton

Keyword(s):

Eye Tracking ◽

Electrodermal Activity ◽

Food Product ◽

Consumer Perceptions ◽

Marketing Communications ◽

Verbal Cues ◽

Brand Evaluations ◽

Food Perceptions ◽

Managerial Implications ◽

Hedonic Processing

Many brands, including food brands, draw on connotations of luxury to elevate the favorability of consumer perceptions. This is often undertaken using cues in marketing communications; however, no research has examined the psychophysiological effect of luxury cues on consumer attention. Evidently, this study is the first experiment to use eye-tracking and skin conductance analysis to investigate how luxury cues in marketing communications can influence consumer perceptions of a food product. Our findings demonstrate that the use of luxury verbal cues can significantly enhance the attention to hedonic processing and elevate food brand perceptions. Specifically, consumers pay greater attention to the imagery of marketing communications when exposed to luxury verbal cues, which, in turn, enhance arousal and positive brand evaluations. Our research provides valuable theoretical and managerial implications for food brands using communications such as content marketing and advertising to build favorable brand connotations and elevate brand positioning.

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Beer and Consumer Response Using Biometrics: Associations Assessment of Beer Compounds and Elicited Emotions

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9060821 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 821 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Claudia Gonzalez Viejo ◽

Raúl Villarreal-Lara ◽

Damir D. Torrico ◽

Yaressi G. Rodríguez-Velazco ◽

Zamantha Escobedo-Avellaneda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emotional Response ◽

Positive Emotions ◽

Emotional Responses ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Consumer Response ◽

Response Analysis ◽

Alcohol Content ◽

Spontaneous Fermentation ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Preliminary Study

Some chemical compounds, especially alcohol, sugars, and alkaloids such as hordenine, have been reported as elicitors of different emotional responses. This preliminary study was based on six commercial beers selected according to their fermentation type, with two beers of each type (spontaneous, bottom, and top). Chemometry and sensory analysis were performed for all samples to determine relationships and patterns between chemical composition and emotional responses from consumers. The results showed that sweeter samples were associated with higher perceived liking by consumers and positive emotions, which corresponded to spontaneous fermentation beers. There was high correlation (R = 0.91; R2 = 0.83) between hordenine and alcohol content. Beers presenting higher concentrations of both, and higher bitterness, were related to negative emotions. Further studies should be conducted, giving more time for emotional response analysis between beer samples, and comparing alcoholic and non-alcoholic beers with similar styles, to separate the effects of alcohol and hordenine. This preliminary study was a first attempt to associate beer compounds with the emotional responses of consumers using non-invasive biometrics.

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Investigation of eye tracking, electrodermal activity and facial expressions as biometric signatures of food reward and intake in normal weight adults

Food Quality and Preference ◽

10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104248 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 93 ◽

pp. 104248

Author(s):

Hanne Pedersen ◽

Jonas Salling Quist ◽

Marie Møller Jensen ◽

Kim Katrine Bjerring Clemmensen ◽

Dorte Vistisen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eye Tracking ◽

Facial Expressions ◽

Food Reward ◽

Electrodermal Activity ◽

Normal Weight

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Audio-video emotional response mapping based upon Electrodermal Activity

Biomedical Signal Processing and Control ◽

10.1016/j.bspc.2018.08.024 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 324-333 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Vivek Sharma ◽

Neelam R. Prakash ◽

Parveen Kalra

Keyword(s):

Emotional Response ◽

Electrodermal Activity ◽

Response Mapping ◽

Audio Video

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Electrodermal activity measurement within a qualitative methodology

International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management ◽

10.1108/ijchm-11-2017-0781 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (11) ◽

pp. 3363-3385 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Raphaela Stadler ◽

Allan Stewart Jepson ◽

Emma Harriet Wood

Keyword(s):

Emotional Response ◽

Qualitative Methodology ◽

Longitudinal Design ◽

Electrodermal Activity ◽

Well Being ◽

Activity Measurement ◽

Psychosocial Effects ◽

Content Type ◽

Travel And Tourism ◽

Artificial Environment

Purpose Reflecting, reliving and reforming experiences enhance longer-term effects of travel and tourism, and have been highlighted as an important aspect in determining loyalty, re-visitation and post-consumption satisfaction. The purpose of this paper is to develop new methodological approaches to investigate emotion, memory creation and the resulting psychosocial effects. Design/methodology/approach The paper proposes a unique combination of physiological measures and photoelicitation-based discussions within a longitudinal design. A physiological measuring instrument (electrodermal activity [EDA] tracking technology through Empatica E4 wristbands) is utilised to capture the “unadulterated” emotional response both during the experience and in reliving or remembering it. This is combined with post-experience narrative discussion groups using photos and other artefacts to give further understanding of the process of collective memory creation. Findings EDA tracking can enhance qualitative research methodologies in three ways: through use as an “artefact” to prompt reflection on feelings, through identifying peaks of emotional response and through highlighting changes in emotional response over time. Empirical evidence from studies into participatory arts events and the potential well-being effects upon women over the age of 70 is presented to illustrate the method. Originality/value The artificial environment created using experimental approaches to measure emotions and memory (common in many fields of psychology) has serious limitations. This paper proposes new and more “natural” methods for use in tourism, hospitality and events research, which have the potential to better capture participants’ feelings, behaviours and the meanings they place upon them.

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