scholarly journals Тhe concept of public interest in the civil law of Ukraine

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (865) ◽  
pp. 366-372
Author(s):  
Ivanna Babetska
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Civil Law

scholarly journals Postępowanie w sprawie praktyk nieuczciwie wykorzystujących przewagę kontraktową na rynku rolno-spożywczym jako nowy obszar aktywności administracji publicznej

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1 (4)) ◽  
pp. 155-168
Author(s):  
Beata Wieczerzyńska
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Public Authority ◽  
Agricultural Market ◽  
Material Basis ◽  
Contractual Relationships

The article is an attempt at analyzing selected provisions of the Act on Counteracting Unfair Use of Contractual Advantage in Agricultural and F ood Products turning to whether there is public interest in the need of public authority interrogation in contractual relationships (Civil Law) in B2B relations in the food and agricultural market and whether this material basis for this interference has been properly defined. “Public interest” as an objective of counteracting practices that unfairly uses the contractual advantage of suppliers or buyers, should be considered on the axiological basis of the Act on competition and consumer protection, in the context of ensuring consumer welfare and thus food security of the country. The material prerequisites of the President of UOKiK’s [Office for the Protection of Competition and Consumers] conduct in cases of abuse of a contractual advantage were burdened with a large degree of indeterminacy, entrusting to the authority their clarification with prejudice to the principle of predictability of state bodies’ activities.

Przemiany własności w rolnictwie – kontekst systemowy z perspektywy prawa krajowego i unijnego

2014 ◽  
pp. 29-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Jurcewicz ◽  
Paweł Popardowski
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
Economic Reality ◽  
Polish Law ◽  
Point Of Reference

In the article, the Authors attempt to systematically formulate “property”, from the point of view of both – Polish and EU legislation. They highlight various understandings of property and point out, how complicated the evolution of this law aspect has been. The point of reference in the conducted analysis is the assumption that property is one of the most important elements of the legal order. It is also perceived as a pillar of social and economic system. At the same time, property, and more precisely – its juridical concept assumed by a legislator as a factor shaping not only the content of property right but also determining its allowable forms, constitutes a fundamental instrument used by a country to influence its social and economic reality. As a reference to the Polish law, the Authors presented understandings of property that result from the constitution and civil law and pointed out fundamental differences between them. They highlighted also the fact that the constitutional concept of property is normatively superior to the other concept, what is reflected by the fact that property, formulated in the Constitution as an elementary right, determines the requirements concerning statutory under-standing of property. According to the principles of EU legislation, property is also perceived as an elementary right, but, as in the Polish law, it does not constitute an absolute (unlimited) right. It is though indicated that public interest in the broad sense of the term may constitute a legal prerequisite for interference in owner’s entitlements.

Syahadah dalam Statut Keterangan Mahkamah Syariah di Malaysia: Asas dan Sumber Perundangan

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-58
Author(s):  
Azizah Mohd Rapini ◽  
Ruzman Md. Noor
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Islamic School ◽  
Flexible Approach ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
Law Of Evidence

Syahadah or testimony is one of the strong evidence like an admission (iqrar) that should be resorted by fulfilling the strict conditions without ignoring the elements of justice and public interest. Syahadah as provided in the Malaysian Syariah Court Evidence Statutes (SCES) is derived from the results of a detailed study of the lawmakers on Syariah legal rulings and the books of fiqh on various mazhab to fit in SCES. This is in contrast with other provisions which was adapted from Malaysian Evidence Act 1950 like documentary evidence, examination of witnesses and qarinah through the process of modification of civil law with the principles of Islamic law of evidence. As syahadah in SCES was derived from Islamic law and the books of fiqh, the issue arises on the application of the present time when the conditions of syahadah seemed to be quite difficult to be fulfilled to be as admissible and original syahadah. Hence, most of the evidence tendered and testified in the Syariah court is only accepted as bayyinah by adopting the view of Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah. This study attempts to analyze the foundation and source of codifying the relevant provisions of syahadah in SCES Malaysia which involves the definition, conditions, number of witnesses, examination of witnesses or tazkiyah al-shuhud (TS) and rules against hearsay. Based on interviews and library research as the main methods of collecting data, the authors found that the concept of syahadah under SCES refers basically to the Islamic legal rulings which mostly come from Shafi’i school of law (mazhab) which is also known as the main reference of Islamic law in Malaysia. However, by resorting the flexible approach of selecting views from various Islamic school of law (mazhab), to fit in SCES or other Islamic law in Malaysia, other’s views of fiqh are also acceptable in some situations such as the concept of bayyinah according to Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah and the number of witnesses from the view of the Hanafi and Hambali schools. ABSTRAK Syahadah atau kesaksian menurut fiqh merupakan salah satu alat pembuktian yang kuat setaraf dengan iqrar (pengakuan) yang perlu dikendalikan dengan tegas tetapi pada masa yang sama mengambil kira aspek maslahah dan keadilan. Syahadah seperti yang diperuntukkan dalam statut keterangan mahkamah syariah (SKMS) di Malaysia adalah bersumberkan hukum syarak hasil dari kajian terperinci para penggubal undang-undang terhadap kitab-kitab fiqh pelbagai mazhab bagi memilih pandangan yang sesuai untuk dimuatkan dalam SKMS. Ini berbeza dengan kebanyakan peruntukan lain yang diadaptasi dari Akta Keterangan (AK) 1950 seperti keterangan dokumen dan pemeriksaan saksi atau pun yang melalui proses pengubahsuaian di antara peruntukan dalam AK 1950 dengan prinsip keterangan Islam seperti qarinah. Oleh kerana syahadah dalam SKMS diambil berasaskan hukum syarak dan kitab-kitab fiqh maka timbul isu dari aspek pemakaiannya pada masa kini apabila syarat-syarat syahadah yang diperuntukkan kelihatan masih agak sukar untuk dipenuhi bagi melayakkan keterangan seseorang saksi itu diterima sebagai syahadah. Implikasinya, kebanyakan keterangan yang dikemukakan di mahkamah syariah diterima sebagai bayyinah sahaja menggunapakai konsep keterangan yang diadaptasi dari pandangan Ibnu Qayyim al-Jawziyyah. Kajian ini cuba menganalisis asas dan sumber penggubalan bagi setiap peruntukan berkaitan syahadah dalam statut keterangan mahkamah syariah (SKMS) di Malaysia dengan perhatian khusus terhadap aspek-aspek syahadah setakat yang diperuntukkan yang hanya melibatkan definisi, syarat, bilangan, testimoni saksi atau tazkiyah al-shuhud (TS) serta keterangan dengar cakap. Berpandukan metode temubual dan kajian kepustakaan, penulis mendapati bahawa konsep syahadah dalam SKMS kebanyakannya berasaskan mazhab utama rujukan hukum syarak dalam sistem perundangan di Malaysia iaitu mazhab Shafi’i. Walau bagaimanapun, dengan sifat keterbukaan sumber hukum dalam SKMS seperti undang-undang Islam yang lain di Malaysia, pandangan fiqh dari sumber mazhab yang lain juga diterima dalam sesetengah situasi seperti penerimaan konsep bayyinah mengikut pandangan Ibnu Qayyim al-Jawziyyah danAL-IRSYAD: JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC AND CONTEMPORARY ISSUESPublished by Faculty of Islamic Civilization Studies, KUIS36bilangan saksi yang mengambil kira juga pandangan dari mazhab Hanafi dan Hambali.

О понимании общественного интереса Е. В. Васьковским и о значении его воззрений по этому вопросу для современного права и процесса

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Dymitr Tumanow
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
The Social ◽  
Shared Benefit ◽  
Social Importance ◽  
Insight Into

The article raises the issue of public interest concept as understood by E. V. Vaskovsky. In particular, it is demonstrated that the scientist proceeded from an idea that such a phenomenon as law exists within social benefit. He associated development of many institutions of law specifically with social needs. The article also provides insight into certain aspects of how E. V. Vaskovsky interpreted the social meaning of various civil law institutions, as well as different restrictions of legal rights to the shared benefit. It is shown that the scientist believed that court activities related to justice administration are of particular social importance. It is also underlined that E. V. Vaskovsky did not equate public and state interests. The author’s reflections on E. V. Vaskovsky’s views and the relevance of his ideas to date are also provided.

scholarly journals Development of legal institute of the auction within the competitive right

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
A. V. Molchanov
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Institution ◽  
Public Nature ◽  
Constitutional System

Regulation of relations connected with the organization and holding of tenders exclu- sively by the norms of civil law and civil legislation is impossible, since the issues of ensuring competition are of a public nature, aimed at ensuring public interest, which is the basis of the constitutional system of our state, and therefore require public legal regulation. Taking into account the importance of tenders for ensuring competition, it is more effective to develop both the legal institution of tenders in the sphere of complex branch of competition law and the legislation on tenders, as its external manifestation, in the sphere of antimonopoly legislation.

scholarly journals DISKRESI HAKIM DALAM MENETAPKAN HUKUM DI PENGADILAN AGAMA KELAS IB BATUSANGKAR

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Sri Yunarti
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Family Court ◽  
Law System ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Dynamic Community ◽  
Civil Law System

So far the verdict courts made by Pengadilan Agama (PA/ Family Court) have been criticized for being too fixated on legal justice approaches and lack of attention to social justice approaches. This criticism demands that judge's understanding of the law holds to the spirit that underlies the formation of the law. The judge needs to use his or her authority to exercise legal discretion, using more moral rather than formal legal ideas. A judge must understand the law in the right contest and act as a creative lawyer. Discretion is the authority of the judge to decide cases with more consideration of the senseof justice, public interest and morality, which develops in society rather than deciding on the basis of the decisions of the regulations contained in the Law. This authority can be used an alternative in response to the absence and weaknesses in the application of legal principles in Civil Law System. Thus the law is expected to play a maximum role to serve the interests of the dynamic community put the interests of both parties who are in dispute and growing as well.

A New Look at Provisional Validity

1974 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Dashwood
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Member States ◽  
Business Combinations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Restrictive Trade ◽  
The Law ◽  
New Look

The EEC rules concerning restrictive business combinations are sanctioned not only by the imposition of substantial penalties in the event of intentional or negligent infringement but also by depriving offending agreements of their validity in civil law. Thus Article 85 (2) of the Treaty provides in uncompromising terms: “Any agreements or decisions prohibited pursuant to this Article shall be automatically void.” This is a directly effective provision which has become part of the law of the member states and must be applied as such by their courts. It must be stressed that the nullifying force of the Article operates automatically, rendering agreements void without the need for a decision by the Commission or by a court. This contrasts with the position under United Kingdom legislation where agreements within Part I of the Restrictive Trade Practices Act 1956 only become void following a decision of the Restrictive Practices Court that the provisions in question are contrary to the public interest.

scholarly journals Development of special property rights regimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-92
Author(s):  
Dušan Nikolić ◽  
Sloboda Midorović
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Special Property ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Property Law ◽  
Real Property ◽  
Cultural Goods ◽  
Legal Regimes ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right

In recent years, the shaping of special legal regimes has been intensified. They discreetly influence the ideological and value orientation of the Civil law and, to an increasing extent, its structure. Deviation from the general legal regime means that individuals or narrower social groups are brought either to a privileged or to a less favorable position in relation to other right holders. A more pronounced disparity between the general and the special can affect the stability of society, especially when it comes to the segment of the legal system that regulates issues related to the distribution and appropriation of goods in the domain of Real property law and Inheritance law. The introduction of new special legal regimes should affect the spread of Civil law. However, in most legal systems there is an opposite trend. New legal institutes that are in the function of implementing special legal regimes are governed by special regulations and often become part of separate, independent branches of law. Dispersion is especially emphasized in the domain of Real property law. The problem is that special legal regimes have not been the subject of more detailed studies in domestic doctrine. In this paper, questions concerning their conceptual definition, legal nature and practical significance are opened. In the first part, which could be conditionally called general, the current problems related to ideological and systemic dilemmas are analyzed. In the second, special, the current concept of a special property regime that applies to cultural goods is analyzed. Cultural goods are material elements of the cultural heritage of our country. The Constitution of the Republic of Serbia recognizes their status as goods of public interest, which implies the need for their enhanced protection. It is achieved by prescribing various public law restrictions that narrow the autonomy of the will of the owner. The paper analyzes the limitations of property entitlements for immovable and movable cultural goods, as well as for the goods that enjoy prior protection. Domestic regulations are inadequate in some segments because they provide for excessive restrictions (e.g. when determining the category of goods to which the right of pre-emption applies), because in some places they are insufficiently precise (in terms of determining the holder of the pre-emption right), or insufficiently elaborated (due to the failure to provide for the notification (die Anmerkung) of an (immovable) property that enjoys prior protection in the real estate cadastre). This emphasizes the importance of striving to achieve a fair balance between the public interest of the community, on the one hand, and the interests of owners, on the other.

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