Mathematics in the Islamic World in Medieval Spain and North Africa

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menso Folkerts ◽  
Barnabas Hughes ◽  
Roi Wagner ◽  
J. Lennart Berggren ◽  
Menso Folkerts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Cultural Influence ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Medieval Spain ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The World ◽  
Medieval Islam

This chapter turns to the mathematics of medieval Islam. These include the mathematical theories and practices that grew, and often flourished, in that part of the world where the dominant religious and cultural influence was the religion of Islam, though this chapter focuses on the mathematics written in Spain and North Africa. The historical period under consideration is roughly the 700 years from 750 CE to 1450 CE, although the earliest mathematical works date from around 825. The chapter first discusses the arithmetic from this period, through the works of Aḥmad ibn al-Bannā, and others. Treatises on algebra, combinatorics, geometry, and trigonometry also follow, focusing on the selected works of many notable mathematicians of medieval Islam.

scholarly journals Dunia Islam Abad 19: Penetrasi Kolonial Barat

Al-Risalah ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Maulana Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The North ◽  
Dark Ages ◽  
New Development ◽  
The World ◽  
The 19Th Century

The  world  of  Islam  in  Umayyah  and  Abbasiyyah  Dynasties was in the hand of a single leader, however since the  10th century raised a new development by the presence of new  leaders who was appointed by Khalifah as the vice leader in some  Islamic worlds who were finally became the independent leader.  Also, there were some leaders who against the Abbasiyah Khalifah  and declared themselves as the conquers of Islamic worlds, such as  Umayyah  Dynasty  in  Spain,  Fatimiah  Dynasty  in  the  North  Africa,  and  the  establishments  of  three  well‐known  kingdoms:  Turki Usmani, Safawi, and Mughal in India with its own glory  and victory.  Unfortunately, the victory of Islam began to lose its glow in the  19th century when the Islamic world was politically collapse and  became worse as accordance with the raise of west from the Dark  Ages into light which supports freedom and science that contrast  with the Islamic world in colonialism

Sectarian struggle in the Middle East and the new Alliances

2019 ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Harith Qahtan Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Era ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The World ◽  
Gulf States ◽  
Other World ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
New Formation

Our Islamic world passes a critical period representing on factional, racial and sectarian struggle especially in the Middle East, which affects the Islamic identification union. The world passes a new era of civilization formation, and what these a new formation which affects to the Islamic civilization especially in Syria, Iraq, Yemen, and Lebanon. The sectarian struggle led to heavy sectarian alliances from Arab Gulf states and Turkey from one side and Iran states and its alliances in the other side. The Sunni and Shia struggle are weaken the World Islamic civilization and it is competitive among other world civilization.

WTO SUCCESSOR TO GATT

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-187
Author(s):  
Arif Sultan
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Land Area ◽  
The North ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries

Within a short span of time a number of economic blocs have emergedon the world horizon. In this race, all countriedeveloped, developingand underdeveloped-are included. Members of the North America FreeTrade Agreement (NAITA) and the European Economic Community(EEC) are primarily of the developed countries, while the EconomicCooperation Organization (ECO) and the Association of South EastAsian Nations (ASEAN) are of the developing and underdevelopedAsian countries.The developed countries are scrambling to create hegemonies throughthe General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT). In these circumstances,economic cooperation among Muslim countries should be onthe top of their agenda.Muslim countries today constitute about one-third of the membershipof the United Nations. There are around 56 independentMuslim states with a population of around 800 million coveringabout 20 percent of the land area of the world. Stretchingbetween Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans, the Muslim Worldstraddles from North Africa to Indonesia, in two major Islamicblocs, they are concentrated in the heart of Africa to Indonesia,in two major blocs, they are concentrated in the heart of Africaand Asia and a smaller group in South and Southeast Asia.'GATT is a multilateral agreement on tariffs and trade establishing thecode of rules, regulations, and modalities regulating and operating internationaltrade. It also serves as a forum for discussions and negotiations ...

Building Power to Change the World

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Muldoon
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
European Politics ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Political Theories ◽  
The World ◽  
First World ◽  
Rosa Luxemburg

The German council movements arose through mass strikes and soldier mutinies towards the end of the First World War. They brought down the German monarchy, founded several short-lived council republics, and dramatically transformed European politics. This book reconstructs how participants in the German council movements struggled for a democratic socialist society. It examines their attempts to democratize politics, the economy, and society through building powerful worker-led organizations and cultivating workers’ political agency. Drawing from the practices of the council movements and the writings of theorists such as Rosa Luxemburg, Anton Pannekoek, and Karl Kautsky, this book returns to their radical vision of a self-determining society and their political programme of democratization and socialization. It presents a powerful argument for renewed attention to the political theories of this historical period and for their ongoing relevance today.

The relevance of religion and the response to it: a study of religious perceptions in early Islam

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-287
Author(s):  
Muhammad Qasim Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Religious Commitment ◽  
Social Protest ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Early Islam ◽  
Medieval Islam

What did the Muslim citizen of the classical Islamic world mean by Islam? In what sense was it operative in his life? To what extent did an Islamic slogan signify religious commitment? The difficulty in treating these questions consists in the fact of the variety, not the dearth of answers to them. Rather than develop alternative perspectives, however, we would, in what follows, focus our study on one aspect of the life of the Muslim Umma. This is the problem of the dynamics underlying revolt, rebellion, social protest and revolution in early Islam; with reference to this aspect we would ask our basic questions. In a sense, the three questions could be resolved into one: to what extent, in what sense, and why, was Islam a factor in Muslim revolts during the first centuries? Two propositions would help treat this question, and in the course of the study, we would see if a third may also be legitimately articulated. They are as follows: first, it is possible that the disaffected Muslims in classical and medieval Islam may have tended to translate their mundane grievances into religous terms so that, for instance, the perceived threat to a particular dispensation, or the actual destruction of such a dispensation may have been interpreted as a threat to religion itself; and second, Islam may have been interpreted as the best form of propriety and justice so that those whofeltthemselves deprived considered it incumbent to fight for such justice, not necessarily because it would benefit them but because this was what Islam was, it being considered obligatory to strengthen, save, or reestablish Islam.

scholarly journals Improving Capacity Development for Threatened Maritime and Marine Cultural Heritage Through the Evaluation of a Parameter Framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-427
Author(s):  
Katherine Recinos ◽  
Lucy Blue
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Capacity Development ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Development Initiatives

Abstract Maritime cultural heritage is under increasing threat around the world, facing damage, destruction, and disappearance. Despite attempts to mitigate these threats, maritime cultural heritage is often not addressed to the same extent or with equal resources. One approach that can be applied towards protecting and conserving threatened cultural heritage, and closing this gap, is capacity development. This paper addresses the question of how capacity development can be improved and adapted for the protection of maritime cultural heritage under threat. It asserts that capacity development for maritime cultural heritage can be improved by gaining a more comprehensive and structured understanding of capacity development initiatives through applying a consistent framework for evaluation and analysis. This allows for assessment and reflection on previous or ongoing initiatives, leading to the implementation of more effective initiatives in the future. In order to do this, a model for classifying initiatives by ten parameters is proposed. It is then applied to a number of case studies featuring initiatives in the Middle East and North Africa region. This is followed by a discussion of how conclusions and themes drawn from the examination and evaluation of the case study initiatives can provide a deeper understanding of capacity development efforts, and an analysis of how the parameter model as a framework can aid in improving capacity development for threatened maritime cultural heritage overall.

scholarly journals Transformation Lebanon`s foreign policy vector 2011–2017 y.

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (92) ◽  
pp. 186-189
Author(s):  
M. M. Dzera ◽  
R. Y. Pasichnyy ◽  
A. M. Ostapchuk
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Democratic Regime ◽  
Political Arena ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Conservative Nature ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic

The place and international position of Lebanon in the world political arena today is changing and transforming under the influence of globalization. Thus, this is not deprive, but changes the vector on the international arena and does not exclude the already acquired conservative character. Prime Minister Tamam Salam, who is the executive of the President of the Republic of Lebanon, is reforming and liberalizing the law and changing the vector of foreign policy. He doing this without leaving the traditions and religious views, also without rejecting the conservative nature of foreign and domestic policies. Although Lebanon is part of the League of Arab States, which is accused of non-democracies, it has a democratic regime for a long time. Balancing the policy of the Lebanese Republic between conservatism, traditionalism, democracy and liberalization makes Lebanon a great country for analysis, since it provides an opportunity to reflect the coexistence of democracy with the stereotyped vision of the “Islamic world”.

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