Social Networks and the East Indiaman

Author(s):  
Emily Erikson

This chapter identifies how organizational context affects individual behavior and the propensity to incorporate information from peers into important operational decisions. The identification of this relationship illuminates, in turn, the larger question of how—or the mechanisms by which—decentralization contributed to the pattern of innovation found in the English Company. The analysis focuses on evaluating the relative importance of different types of information in leading captains to choose trade in one port over another, including formal orders given by the Company, a personal history of contact with ports, and information transmitted via social networks from ship to ship. The results show that social networks were an important source of information for captains when deciding which port to travel to next.

2017 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 163-181
Author(s):  
Marek Biszczanik

Die in den niederschlesischen Archiven aufbewahrten Stadtbücher bilden in ihrer Gesamtmenge auf den ersten Blick eine mehr oder weniger geschlossene Textsorte. Wenn man sie aber texttypologisch und textlinguistisch im Einzelnen untersucht, stellt es sich in vielen Fällen heraus, dass sie viel heterogener sind als es zu sein schiene. Ein durchschnittliches Stadtbuch ist nämlich oftmals ein thematisch und formal recht uneinheitliches Konstrukt. Vor allem in den kleineren Stadtkanzleien waren die Rats- oder Gerichtsbücher sehr mannigfaltig, denn man verzeichnete in ein und demselben Buch ganz unterschiedliche Angelegenheiten oder Informationstypen, für die die größten Städte getrennte Bücher führten. So sind viele Stadtbücher Ansammlungen von Texten verschiedener Sorten, wobei neben kalligraphisch gestalteten Urkunden von kollektivem Belang flüchtig aufgezeichnete Notizen individueller Geltung auftauchen, die für die Geschichte des Ortes keine größere Bedeutung hatten. Aus diesem Grunde lässt sich das ‚Stadtbuch‘ eher mit dem Begriff ‚Textallianz‘ bezeichnen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird versucht, diese Annahme an einem ausgewählten Textbeispiel nachzuweisen.The manuscript of the First City Book from Schweidnitz in light of text-alliances and text-types problematicThe city books preserved in the Lower Silesian archives at first sight form in their total amount more or less one closed type of text. But when they are examined in detail from the text-typological and text-linguistic perspective, it turns out in many cases that they are much more diverse than they seem to be. An average city book is often thematically and formally a rather mixed construct. Especially in the offices of smaller towns, where the books of councils or courts were varied, you could find in the same book quite different matters or types of information, for which the largest cities kept many separate books. So there are many city books that are, so to speak, collections of different types of texts, where in addition calligraphically designed certificates of collective concern and fleetingly recorded individual application notes emerge, which had no greater significance for the history of the place. For this reason, it is possible to call the city books rather “text-alliances” than only a “text-type”. In this paper an attempt is made to prove this assumption based on a selected example of a medieval text from Lower-Silesia.


1947 ◽  
Vol 51 (436) ◽  
pp. 339-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Smith

The object of this paper is to discuss the evolution of the wartime fighters the Spitfire and Seafire, designed by the Supermarine Works of Vickers–Armstrongs Ltd. In particular, it will be confined to the design and technical side of the problem. The production undertaking, which resulted in the manufacture of over 22,000 of these aircraft in 33 different types, would undoubtedly need a paper of its own.In order to make the matter clear it is proposed to begin with a brief history of the early development of high speed aircraft by the firm. The next logical step is to survey the Spitfire family as a whole and to trace the relative importance of the different types, giving some indication of their line of development. Finally, an attempt will be made to analyse the factors which maintained the efficiency of these aircraft at a high level for a period of ten years.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2(15)) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Arseny Romanovich Sandetsky ◽  

Technologically mediated communications are becoming an important source of information about the world around them, making up semantic landmarks not only of the present, but also of the past. The article analyzes the digital representation of Russian history in social networks in a creolized form. There are the most popular themes of historical memes: the peacetime of the USSR (18%), the Great Patriotic War (13%), the events of 1917 (11%), the Time of Troubles (9%). Most of the memes show generally accepted and well-known information in an ironic vein, but in 41% of memes the information is ambiguous or little-known. Based on the analysis of memes dedicated to the history of Russia, the most intense topics were identified, causing discussion in the comments (63%).


Author(s):  
Alexander Ronzhyn ◽  
Eugenia Kuznetsova

The present article describes the results of research on online identity construction during participation in hospitality social networks. One type of user submitted data, references, was analysed to uncover and describe the way trust is conveyed in Couchsurfing.org. Through corpus-based linguistic analysis, authors explore the relative importance of different types of user interactions in the network and describe how references contribute to the framework of trust built within the Couchsurfing.org social network. Among the findings are the increased use of adjectives in references and the concepts used by the Couchsurfing management. Trust is seldom used in the references directly, but rather expressed through euphemisms and metaphors.


2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Ben G Adams

This commentary discusses Dr. Paul Blimling’s (2019) composite case of James, a patient with a history of severe childhood interpersonal trauma, who responded remarkably well to individual psychotherapy augmented with the targeted use of self-selected music. I describe how music and psychotherapy both have their origins in the shamanistic practices of our hunter-gatherer ancestors, such that combining psychotherapy and music together is a reconciliation of sorts. The Case of James demonstrates how music can be used in psychotherapy with a counter-dependent patient, to help the patient to access sensitive, vulnerable feelings that normally would never be expressed to another person. In this case, the therapist’s keen sensitivity to the patient’s disorganized attachment style created an environment in which the patient eventually felt safe lowering his defenses and expressing his emotions in the treatment—with the help of five songs. Aside from the direct, visceral benefits of the music itself, the process of asking a relationally traumatized patient to select a song has other potential benefits. For example, it supports the patient’s sense of self (which, in the relationally traumatized patient, is likely fragmented), and it may reduce the "hot seat" feeling with a self-conscious patient, by shifting focus from the patient to the song. Songs selected by patients in advance of a session versus songs selected during a session may provide different types of information, and may have different types of benefits. If I were working with a patient such as James, two additional possibilities I would consider are (a) helping the patient to develop practical skills for managing overwhelming emotions, and (b) making the patient’s goals a more prominent focus throughout the treatment.


2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-336
Author(s):  
PIOTR DASZKIEWICZ ◽  
MICHEL JEGU

ABSTRACT: This paper discusses some correspondence between Robert Schomburgk (1804–1865) and Adolphe Brongniart (1801–1876). Four letters survive, containing information about the history of Schomburgk's collection of fishes and plants from British Guiana, and his herbarium specimens from Dominican Republic and southeast Asia. A study of these letters has enabled us to confirm that Schomburgk supplied the collection of fishes from Guiana now in the Laboratoire d'Ichtyologie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. The letters of the German naturalist are an interesting source of information concerning the practice of sale and exchange of natural history collections in the nineteenth century in return for honours.


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