Conclusion

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipin Narang
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Theory ◽  
Regional Power ◽  
Comparative Theory ◽  
Selection Of

This chapter reiterates the findings explored in this book and discusses their implications. In doing so, the chapter stresses the significance of the posited optimization theory. This theory is the first comparative theory of regional power nuclear postures. Against the full universe of empirical cases involving selection of nuclear posture—a decision that unfolds deliberately over many years and often over many leaders—optimization theory is the most valid theory available. It is also the first broadly comparative theory for why states select the nuclear postures they do, suggesting that states may be rational to sacrifice deterrent power in certain security environments and under particular organizational and relative endowment circumstances. In addition, the chapter closes the volume by detailing some avenues for further research, as well as some concluding insights.

The Application of Fuzzy Optimization Theory in the Selection of Foundation Improvement Methods

2015 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 341-344
Author(s):  
Li Juan Zhang ◽  
Jiang Han ◽  
Zhang Ming Li
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Fuzzy Optimization ◽  
Optimization Theory ◽  
Static Method ◽  
Optimal Selection ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
Optimal Degree ◽  
Selection Of

Research was conducted on the optimal selection of foundation improvement methods in the paper. Based on fuzzy optimization theory, four evaluation criteria such as construction time are used to evaluate the five improvement methods. The relative optimal degree 0.798 of dynamic-static consolidation method is the maximum which shows that the dynamic-static method is the optimal one; relative optimal degree and multi-evaluating criteria are used to evaluate multi-goals in the fuzzy optimization theory which will lead to the high optimal reliability result.

Selection of Body Segment Parameters by Optimization Methods

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Vaughan ◽  
J. G. Andrews ◽  
J. G. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Theory ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Body Segment ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Body Segment Parameters ◽  
Gamma Scanning ◽  
Selection Of

The selection of body segment parameters (BSPs) is a difficult yet essential task in many biomechanical studies. The methods used to date—cadaver, reaction board, mathematical modeling, gamma scanning, and kinematics—all have a number of drawbacks. The purpose of the present paper is to present an alternative method, based on kinematic data and optimization theory, for selecting BSPs. The design variables are the BSPs and the objective function to be minimized is based on the difference between calculated and measured distal extremity kinetics, while the equality constraints are based on Newtonian principles as well as bilateral symmetry of the BSPs. Three different activities are used to generate “optimal” sets of BSPs and these values are different, but not markedly so, from cadaver values. Further detailed investigation appears warranted.

The Evolutions of Modernist Epic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Václav Paris
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Darwinism ◽  
Evolutionary Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Evolutionary Science ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Comparative Theory ◽  
Selection Of

Modernist epic is more interesting and diverse than we have supposed. As a radical form of national fiction, it appeared in many parts of the world in the early twentieth century. Reading a selection of works from the United States, England, Ireland, Czechoslovakia, and Brazil, The Evolutions of Modernist Epic develops a comparative theory of this genre and its global development. That development was, it argues, bound up with new ideas about biological evolution. During the first decades of the twentieth century—a period known, in the history of evolutionary science, as “the eclipse of Darwinism”—evolution’s significance was questioned, rethought, and ultimately confined to the Neo-Darwinist discourse with which we are familiar today. Epic fiction participated in, and was shaped by, this shift. Drawing on queer forms of sexuality to cultivate anti-heroic and non-progressive modes of telling the national story, the new epic contested reductive and reactionary forms of social Darwinism. The book describes how, in doing so, the genre asks us to revisit our assumptions about ethnolinguistics and organic nationalism. It also models how the history of evolutionary thought can provide a fresh basis for comparing diverse modernisms and their peculiar nativisms.

The Supporting Scheme Selection of Deep Foundation Pit Based on Fuzzy Optimization Theory

2014 ◽  
Vol 541-542 ◽  
pp. 1492-1496
Author(s):  
Zi Sheng Yang ◽  
Ji Xiao Tao ◽  
Hong Ke Pan ◽  
Yong Tao Li
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Optimization ◽  
Optimization Theory ◽  
Deep Foundation ◽  
Foundation Pit ◽  
Deep Foundation Pit ◽  
Supporting System ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Scheme Selection ◽  
System Selection ◽  
Selection Of

In order to get a quantitative and simple supporting scheme of deep foundation pit, this paper creatively develop a simplified method of supporting system selection based on the fuzzy optimization theory. The simplified method determines a preferred equation of the supporting system at first. Then the best solution is selected based on the preferred equation. Based on the simplified method, the analysis of the foundation excavation for Chuangye Dasha in Taiyuan has been performed. The result of the analysis shows that the method is reasonable and scientific.

scholarly journals Research on Type Selection of Diving Tower in 110kV Single and Double Circuit Transmission Line

2021 ◽  
Vol 283 ◽  
pp. 02043
Author(s):  
Xinmin Yu ◽  
Xiang Chen ◽  
Benzhao Fu ◽  
Yinhe Lin ◽  
Ye Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Optimization Theory ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Type Selection ◽  
Tower Structure ◽  
Selection Of

With the continuous development of EHV (UHV) transmission lines，new lines often need to drill through the built lines，so it is urgent to study the type of diving towers. Based on typical weather conditions and commonly used ground wire models, the basic type and tower type selection of 110kV single and double circuit overpass towers in high altitude areas are studied, and two single and double circuit overpass tower schemes are planned and arranged. And according to the pole tower structure design and optimization theory, the 110kV single-circuit diving tower and the 110kV dual-circuit diving tower are optimized from the structural optimization layout and the pole tower structure node optimization design. The research results show that the single-circuit diving tower adopts the wine glass tower, and the wires are arranged horizontally, and the double-circuit diving tower effectively reduces the height of the tower. The dish-shaped tower is used, and the single-circuit wires are arranged in a triangle pattern, which provides a certain practical guiding significance for the 110kV diving-across technology application.

The Sources of Regional Power Nuclear Postures: Posture Optimization Theory

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipin Narang
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Optimization Theory ◽  
Regional Power ◽  
Regional Powers ◽  
Empirical Record

This chapter identifies three main types of regional power nuclear postures, arrayed across a spectrum of capabilities and deployment procedures. This theory, the Posture Optimization Theory, explains why the existing regional nuclear powers have adopted the nuclear postures and strategies they have, and generates testable predictions about what type of nuclear posture future regional nuclear powers might adopt based on a set of readily observable variables. Because of the dearth of regional states that have acquired nuclear weapons, this exercise has inherent limitations. However, by testing the framework against the existing empirical record, we can determine whether it provides a plausible framework with which to explain the choices of existing regional powers and to predict the choices that future nuclear powers might make.

scholarly journals Motor planning under uncertainty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laith Alhussein ◽  
Maurice A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Optimization Theory ◽  
Planning Under Uncertainty ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Fundamental Insight ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Action Choice ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTActions often require the selection of a specific goal amongst a range of possibilities, like when a softball player must precisely position her glove to field a fast-approaching ground ball. Previous studies have suggested that during goal uncertainty, the brain prepares for all potential goals in parallel and averages the corresponding motor plans to command an intermediate movement that is progressively refined as additional information becomes available. Although intermediate movements are widely observed, they could instead reflect a neural decision about the single best action choice at each point in time given the remaining uncertainty. Here we systematically dissociate these possibilities using novel experimental manipulations, and find that when confronted with uncertainty, humans generate a single motor plan that optimizes task performance, rather than averaging potential motor plans. In addition to accurate predictions of population-averaged changes in motor output, a novel computational model based on this performance-optimization theory accounted for a remarkable 80-90% of the variance for individual differences between participants. Our findings resolve a long-standing question about how the brain selects an action to execute during goal uncertainty, providing fundamental insight into motor planning in the nervous system.

scholarly journals Motor planning under uncertainty

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laith Alhussein ◽  
Maurice A Smith
Keyword(s):  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Optimization Theory ◽  
Planning Under Uncertainty ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Fundamental Insight ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Action Choice ◽  
Selection Of

Actions often require the selection of a specific goal amongst a range of possibilities, like when a softball player must precisely position her glove to field a fast-approaching ground ball. Previous studies have suggested that during goal uncertainty the brain prepares for all potential goals in parallel and averages the corresponding motor plans to command an intermediate movement that is progressively refined as additional information becomes available. Although intermediate movements are widely observed, they could instead reflect a neural decision about the single best action choice given the uncertainty present. Here we systematically dissociate these possibilities using novel experimental manipulations and find that when confronted with uncertainty, humans generate a motor plan that optimizes task performance rather than averaging potential motor plans. In addition to accurate predictions of population-averaged changes in motor output, a novel computational model based on this performance-optimization theory accounted for a majority of the variance in individual differences between participants. Our findings resolve a long-standing question about how the brain selects an action to execute during goal uncertainty, providing fundamental insight into motor planning in the nervous system.

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