Ethical Life

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Webb Keane
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Ethical Life ◽  
Conversational Interaction ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Abolitionist Movement ◽  
Theories Of Mind ◽  
Ethical Stance ◽  
Social Causes

The human propensity to take an ethical stance toward oneself and others is found in every known society, yet we also know that values taken for granted in one society can contradict those in another. Does ethical life arise from human nature itself? Is it a universal human trait? Or is it a product of one's cultural and historical context? This book offers a new approach to the empirical study of ethical life that reconciles these questions, showing how ethics arise at the intersection of human biology and social dynamics. Drawing on the latest findings in psychology, conversational interaction, ethnography, and history, the book takes readers from inner city America to Samoa and the Inuit Arctic to reveal how we are creatures of our biology as well as our history—and how our ethical lives are contingent on both. The book looks at Melanesian theories of mind and the training of Buddhist monks, and discusses important social causes such as the British abolitionist movement and American feminism. It explores how styles of child rearing, notions of the person, and moral codes in different communities elaborate on certain basic human tendencies while suppressing or ignoring others. Certain to provoke debate, the book presents an entirely new way of thinking about ethics, morals, and the factors that shape them.

scholarly journals Práticas matemáticas inscritas em cadernos escolares: o caso das fraçõesMathematical practices inscribed in school notebooks: the case of fractions

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 751-788
Author(s):  
Francine Fragoso de Miranda Silva ◽  
Cláudia Regina Flores ◽  
Rosilene Beatriz Machado
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
History Of Mathematics ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Mathematical Practices ◽  
New Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

ResumoEste artigo tem por objetivo identificar e analisar práticas matemáticas inscritas em cadernos escolares de uma escola mista estadual do município de Antônio Carlos (SC), nas décadas de 1930 e 1940, com enfoque dado para as frações. São utilizadas as teorizações de Michel Foucault para nortear os preceitos teórico-metodológicos. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam práticas matemáticas desenvolvidas nessa escola obedecendo aos programas oficiais catarinenses da época, com soluções rápidas e sucintas e voltadas às tarefas de seu cotidiano. Também se observam que elas estão inseridas num contexto histórico, compreendido entre a Reforma Francisco Campos, de 1931, e o início do Movimento da Matemática Moderna, nos anos de 1960, no qual a fração recebe uma nova abordagem, distanciando-se da relação entre número e medida e aproximando-se da noção de parte-todo.Palavras-chave: Práticas matemáticas, Cadernos escolares, Frações, História da educação matemática.AbstractThis article aims to identify and analyze mathematical practices registered in school notebooks of a mixed state school in the city of Antônio Carlos (SC), in the 1930s and 1940s, focused on fractions. Michel Foucault's theorizations are used to guide theoretical and methodological precepts. The results of the research show mathematical practices developed in these schools obeying the Santa Catarina official programs of the time, with quick and succinct solutions and focused on their daily tasks. It is also observed that they are inserted in a historical context, between the Francisco Campos Reform, of 1931, and the beginning of the Modern Mathematics Movement, in the 1960s, in which the fraction receives a new approach, moving away from the relationship between number and measure and approaching the notion of part-whole.Keywords: Mathematical practices, School notebooks, Fractions, History of mathematics education.ResumenEste artículo tiene como objetivo identificar y analizar las prácticas matemáticas registradas en los cuadernos escolares de una escuela estatal mixta en la ciudad de Antônio Carlos (SC), en la década de 1930 y 1940, con un enfoque en las fracciones. Las teorizaciones de Michel Foucault se utilizan para guiar los preceptos teóricos y metodológicos. Los resultados de la investigación muestran prácticas matemáticas desarrolladas en estas escuelas que obedecen los programas oficiales de Santa Catarina de la época, con soluciones rápidas y sucintas y centradas en sus tareas diarias. También se observa que se insertan en un contexto histórico, entre la Reforma Francisco Campos, de 1931, y el comienzo del Movimiento de Matemáticas Modernas, en la década de 1960, en el que la fracción recibe un nuevo enfoque, alejándose de la relación entre numerar y medir y acercándose a la noción de parte-todo.Palabras clave: Prácticas matemáticas, Cuadernos escolares, Fracciones, Historia de la educación matemática

Psychologies of Ethics

Ethical Life ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Webb Keane
Keyword(s):  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Ethical Life ◽  
Social Existence ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Ethical Stance

This chapter explores some of the major findings in developmental, cognitive, and moral psychology that have been taken as evidence for the foundations of ethics. It looks at research on human capacities and propensities for things such as sharing and cooperation, intention-seeking, empathy, self-consciousness, norm-seeking and enforcement, discrimination, and role-swapping. While these human capacities are necessary, they are not sufficient conditions for ethical life. What they help explain is what it is about humans that makes them prone to taking an ethical stance. For the psychology of ethics to have a full social existence, it must be manifest in ways that are taken to be ethical by someone. Ethics must be embodied in certain palpable media such as words or deeds or bodily habits. The ethical implications must be at least potentially recognizable to other people.

Policy and law for addressing poverty, race and gender in the water sector: the case of South Africa

Water Policy ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 489-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Schreiner ◽  
Barbara van Koppen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Integrated Water Resources Management ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Equity Issues ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Poor Women ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Key Aspects

The aims of the new water policies and laws of post-apartheid South Africa are to contribute to the eradication of the country's widespread poverty and to redress historical race and gender discrimination with regard to water. After placing these policy and legal changes in a historical context, the paper discusses their operationalization and impact during the first years of implementation. Three key aspects are highlighted. The first aspect concerns internal changes within the implementing government department, the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF). The second aspect regards water services and sanitation directly targeted at poor women and men. Lastly, the paper discusses the emerging equity issues in public participation processes, as an illustration of the new approach to integrated water resources management.

Women, Rituals, and Social Dynamics at Ancient Chalcatzingo

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Cyphers Guillén
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Social Bonds ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Contextual Data ◽  
Life Crisis ◽  
Hierarchy Formation

Female figurines from the Cantera phase at Chalcatzingo, Morelos, depict stages of the life cycle: puberty, pregnancy, and child rearing. Contextual data indicate that the figurines were used in female-focused life-crisis ceremonies that created a web of social rights and obligations validated by reciprocal exchanges. These rights and obligations were the means by which power and influence were created, directed, and controlled by particular households. Thus, these figurines and their contexts permit a better understanding of the role of women in the dynamics of social-hierarchy formation at Chalcatzingo, and how the formation of social bonds and patterns of exchange were important in the accumulation of power.

scholarly journals History, periodization and the character of contemporary crime control

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Churchill
Keyword(s):  
Crime Control ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
New Approach

In recent decades, several highly influential studies have sought to articulate the changed and changing character of contemporary crime control in its historical context. While the substantive claims of these studies have attracted close scrutiny, there has been remarkably little analysis of the historiographical apparatus underpinning them. As a result, criminology has neglected to develop a valuable, critical vantage point on how crime and justice in our own times are understood. This article advances discussion of contemporary crime control by critically assessing the historiographical foundations of existing studies. Furthermore, it outlines a new approach to analysing the governance of crime through time, which might facilitate a more empirically robust and satisfactory characterization of contemporary crime control. More broadly, the article signals the significance of history and historiography for contemporary criminological scholarship, and reflects upon the advantages of developing a more fully historical criminology.

scholarly journals Dubinin's Theory for the Volume Filling of Micropores: An Historical Approach

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Stoeckli
Keyword(s):  
Structural Properties ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Active Carbons ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Volume Filling ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Microporous Carbons ◽  
Adsorption Of Water ◽  
Enthalpy Of Immersion ◽  
Type V

The origin and development of Dubinin's theory are presented within their historical context. The emphasis is put on the author's long-standing collaboration with M.M. Dubinin. It is shown how the main correlations between the structural properties of active carbons and the parameters of the DR and DA equations have been established and crosschecked. As shown recently, the adsorption of water by microporous carbons, corresponding to a type V isotherm, can also be described by the equation of Dubinin and Astakhov. This new approach includes the enthalpy of immersion into water, a thermodynamic consequence of Dubinin's theory.

Epilogue

2018 ◽  
pp. 375-378
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Canepa
Keyword(s):  
New Approach ◽  
Theories Of Mind

The Iranian Expanse has presented a new approach to understanding Iranian kingship, cosmology, and identity. Its chapters have explored the role of highly significant spaces and places in constructing, maintaining, and transforming the identity of their patrons and viewers. In the course of doing so this book has investigated the development of landscapes of power and memory, cities, sanctuaries, palaces, and paradise estates in Persia and across the wider ancient Iranian world. At these sites imperially and religiously formulated cosmologies promoted by royal elites were most explicitly and tangibly experienced. Putting ancient Iranian theories of mind and matter into dialogue with contemporary theoretical debates, I have argued that Iranian sovereigns sought to reshape the “conceptual” (Av. ...

Capturing the Cultural Narratives of Well-Being

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-82
Author(s):  
Felicity Thomas ◽  
Nils Fietje
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Narrative Research ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cultural Narratives ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Lifestyle Choices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter examines how a greater awareness of people’s lived experience can shape a more robust well-being narrative that offers policymakers greater insight into what matters to the good life of their rich and varied publics. Recent years have seen a number of initiatives and publications emerge to support a new kind of narrative on well-being. Among the most influential is a call for “fifth wave” thinking, which recognizes that existing, individually-focused, and biomedical approaches to health and well-being are no longer amenable to challenges of the current era, and a radically new approach that focuses on “a culture for health” and that seeks to engage with the full complexity of subjective, lived experience is needed to address contemporary problems, such as social inequality and loss of well-being. Narrative research methods can provide insight into people’s understandings of well-being, and their health and well-being-related experiences and lifestyle choices can locate this within their broader socio-cultural and historical context. The chapter then discusses the need to move away from individualized formulations of well-being, to approaches that recognize the value of relational well-being. It also considers assets-based approaches; the impact of social media on well-being narrative; and the establishment of accountability for well-being actions and narratives.

The Different Origins of the Affects in the Preface to the Theological-Political Treatise and in the Ethics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Jaquet
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Compare And Contrast

Once Spinoza's thought has been situated with respect to Descartes, it is necessary to understand the stages of how the concept of affect is constructed in his corpus. The aim of Chapter III is to compare and contrast the relevant texts in the Preface to the Theological-Political Treatise and in the Ethics in order to measure the evolution of Spinoza's thought. This approach is divided into three parts: – The principles of the comparison between the affects in the Preface to the Theological-Political Treatise and in the Ethics – The origin and definition of the affects in the Theological-Political Treatise – The differences between the Theological-Political Treatise and the Ethics Whereas the Theological-Political Treatise offers an analysis of the affects in the historical context of humankind living under the guardianship of theological and political authorities, the Ethics approaches the affects geometrically, and studies them like lines, surfaces, and bodies, removed from historical context. Beyond this methodological approach, a more and more dynamic conception of the affects is gradually sketched out. Whereas in the Theological-Political Treatise affect is essentially passive and contrary to reason, the Ethics establishes a new approach by distinguishing action-affects from passion-affects, thus ceasing to systematically pit the affective and rational worlds against one other.

Volpone's Bastards

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Hui
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Woody Allen ◽  
Critical Theories ◽  
The City ◽  
Monty Python

Through studying Volpone’s three bastard children – the dwarf, the androgyne and the eunuch – from the theoretical arguments of Freud, Lacan, Derrida and Foucault, this book discusses how Jonson’s comedies are built upon the tension between death, castration and nothingness on one hand, and the comic slippage of identities in the city on the other. This study understands Jonson, first and foremost, as a comedy writer, linking his work with modern film comedies such as the Marx Brothers, Woody Allen, Mel Brooks and Monty Python. It is a new approach to Jonsonian studies, responding to the current Marxist-Lacanian studies of literature, film and culture made popular by scholars such as Slavoj Žižek, Alenka Zupančič and Mladen Dolar. While the book pays close attention to the historical context of Jonson’s time, it brings him into the twenty-first century by discussing early modern comedies with modern critical theories and film.

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