Solving Problems by Fighting for an Interest

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-89
Author(s):  
Paul Lichterman
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Field Research ◽  
South Los Angeles

This chapter shows how fighting for an interest works as a strategy of collective problem-solving. It describes what that strategy sounds and feels like, and the central dilemma it produces for participants. The chapter also looks closely at everyday tests: points at which participants in a community of interest are faced with challenges and potential alternatives to their usual style of action. The activists' responses to these tests show concretely what kinds of decisions, arguments, and avoidances perpetuate a community of interest. A community of interest is not intrinsically more strategic or effective than other forms of collective problem-solving. The Housing Justice (HJ) and Inquilinos del Sur de Los Angeles / Tenants of South Los Angeles (ISLA) coalitions both experienced victories and disappointments. When it was time to end the field research, ISLA participants had won more of what they said they wanted than did the more conventionally strategic-sounding HJ coalition.

What Is Winning?

2020 ◽  
pp. 154-175
Author(s):  
Paul Lichterman
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Strategic Choices ◽  
South Los Angeles ◽  
Trade Offs

This chapter looks at scenes from the two main coalitions (Housing Justice and Tenants of South Los Angeles) to show just how different their campaigns were and why that matters, even though both fought for affordable housing. Accomplishments make sense only inside strategic arcs; scene style shapes the strategic choices advocates make. Scene style inflects the meaning of particular strategies and goals as well as winning itself. The chapter presents two trajectories of collective problem-solving that unfold on varying timelines, toward tentative and evolving goals. The two coalitions and their trajectories reveal different trade-offs that go with each, differently styled line of action. None of this is to imply that goals and outcomes themselves do not matter. In fact, accumulating evidence shows that different styles do shape outcomes that matter to advocates and the scholars who study them. There is much more to find out about how style contributes to outcomes as scholars usually treat them. The point is that one learns valuable and practical things when one understands particular outcomes in the context of strategic arcs that make those outcomes more, or less, meaningful to advocates and their constituencies.

Who Can Say What, Where, and How?

2020 ◽  
pp. 176-197
Author(s):  
Paul Lichterman
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
Civic Action ◽  
South Los Angeles ◽  
Field Works ◽  
Discursive Field ◽  
Crucial Part

This chapter studies how advocates “construct” social problems through claims making. Claims are demands, criticisms, or declarative statements that actors make in relation to public debate. By definition then, claims makers publicize problems for collective problem-solving. Claims making is thus a crucial part of civic action. Claims making happens in the context of not only a style of interaction but also a set of conventional categories for making claims. A discursive field provides those basic symbolic categories that advocates on multiple sides use to make claims about a problem. Scene style keeps some ways of talking about social problems outside the discursive field altogether, and relegates others to marginal enclaves or subordinate status inside the field. Following the action of claims making in the Tenants of South Los Angeles and Housing Justice coalitions, one can learn how a discursive field works.

scholarly journals African Americans’ Access to Healthy Food Options in South Los Angeles Restaurants

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 668-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
LaVonna Blair Lewis ◽  
David C. Sloane ◽  
Lori Miller Nascimento ◽  
Allison L. Diamant ◽  
Joyce Jones Guinyard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
South Los Angeles

Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) Training of High-Risk Teens in the Community of Watts, South Los Angeles, 2013–2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 605-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamika Ossey ◽  
Sharon Sylvers ◽  
Sona Oksuzyan ◽  
Lisa V Smith ◽  
Douglas Frye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
First Aid ◽  
South Los Angeles ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Response Team ◽  
Cpr Training

AbstractThe Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) concept was initially developed for adult members of the community to help prepare for disasters and minimize damage when disasters occur. CERTs also served as a tool for building community capacity and self-sufficiency by supporting a diverse group of people working together in dealing with challenges affecting their communities. The novel approach to CERTs described here sought to involve high-risk youth from low-socioeconomic status communities in CERTs and first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training to help them build ties with communities, stay off the streets, and become leaders in the community. It also helped to provide different perspectives on life, while building more resilient communities better prepared to minimize damage when a disaster strikes. After the successful launch of the first high-risk teen CERT cohort in Watts (27 CERT-trained and 14 first aid/CPR-trained), the project was expanded to other community groups and organizations. Seven additional cohorts underwent CERT and first aid/CPR training in 2013 through 2014. This initiative increased CERT visibility within South Los Angeles. New partnerships were developed between governmental, nongovernmental, and community-based organizations and groups. This model can be used to expand CERT programs to other communities and organizations by involving high-risk teens or other high-risk groups in CERT training. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:605–609)

How Civic Action Works

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Lichterman
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Social Problem Solving ◽  
Institutional Pressures ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Advocacy Campaigns ◽  
Patterns Of Interaction

This book renews the tradition of inquiry into collective, social problem-solving. The book follows grassroots activists, nonprofit organization staff, and community service volunteers in three coalitions and twelve organizations in Los Angeles as they campaign for affordable housing, develop new housing, or address homelessness. The book shows that to understand how social advocates build their campaigns, craft claims, and choose goals, we need to move beyond well-established thinking about what is strategic. The book presents a pragmatist-inspired sociological framework that illuminates core tasks of social problem-solving by grassroots and professional advocates alike. It reveals that advocates' distinct styles of collective action produce different understandings of what is strategic, and generate different dilemmas for advocates because each style accommodates varying social and institutional pressures. We see, too, how patterns of interaction create a cultural filter that welcomes some claims about housing problems while subordinating or delegitimating others. These cultural patterns help solve conceptual and practical puzzles, such as why coalitions fragment when members agree on many things, and what makes advocacy campaigns separate housing from homelessness or affordability from environmental sustainability. The book concludes by turning this action-centered framework toward improving dialogue between social advocates and researchers.

scholarly journals Catalyzing Implementation of Evidence-Based Interventions in Safety Net Settings: A Clinical–Community Partnership in South Los Angeles

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 586-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise D. Payán ◽  
David C. Sloane ◽  
Jacqueline Illum ◽  
Roberto B. Vargas ◽  
Donzella Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Community Partnership ◽  
South Los Angeles ◽  
Partnership Model ◽  
Clinical Community ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
Interview Guide

This study is a process evaluation of a clinical–community partnership that implemented evidence-based interventions in clinical safety net settings. Adoption and implementation of evidence-based interventions in these settings can help reduce health disparities by improving the quality of clinical preventive services in health care settings with underserved populations. A clinical–community partnership model is a possible avenue to catalyze adoption and implementation of interventions amid organizational barriers to change. Three Federally Qualified Health Centers in South Los Angeles participated in a partnership led by a local community-based organization (CBO) to implement hypertension interventions. Qualitative research methods were used to evaluate intervention selection and implementation processes between January 2014 and June 2015. Data collection tools included a key participant interview guide, health care provider interview guide, and protocol for taking meeting minutes. This case study demonstrates how a CBO acted as an external facilitator and employed a collaborative partnership model to catalyze implementation of evidence-based interventions in safety net settings. The study phases observed included initiation, planning, and implementation. Three emergent categories of organizational facilitators and barriers were identified (personnel capacity, professional development capacity, and technological capacity). Key participants and health care providers expressed a high level of satisfaction with the collaborative and the interventions, respectively. The CBO’s role as a facilitator and catalyst is a replicable model to promote intervention adoption and implementation in safety net settings. Key lessons learned are provided for researchers and practitioners interested in partnering with Federally Qualified Health Centers to implement health promotion interventions.

scholarly journals MEMBUKA KERAN KEMAJUAN DAN JARINGAN: GERAKAN DAKWAH LINTAS NEGARA (RI-PNG)

Harmoni ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-117
Author(s):  
Zaenal Abidin Eko Putro ◽  
Kustini Kosasih
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Field Research ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Religious Group ◽  
Border Area ◽  
Trade Route

Abstrak Kegiatan dakwah yang dilakukan kelompok Jamaah Tabligh dan Pesantren Hidayatullah di Tanah Air telah banyak ditulis. Artikel ini hanya menambahkan saja satu lagi penelitian tentang kiprah kedua institusi tersebut, terutama jejak-jejaknya di wilayah perbatasan Skow Papua, yang berbatasan langsung dengan wilayah Papua New Guinea (PNG). Dai-dai dari kedua lembaga tersebut terus berkiprah dan belakangan memungkinkan terjadinya konversi warga PNG ke Islam.  Tulisn ini juga untuk menambahkan literatur tentang jarangnya penelitian kegiatan dakwah di perbatasan. Paper dari hasil riset lapangan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk menjawab pertanyaan tentang seberapa jauh dakwah kedua institusi tersebut di kawasan perbatasan Skouw, termasuk capaian keberhasilan dan hambatan-hambatannya. Temuan penting dari riset ini antara lain, gerakan dakwah yang dilakukan oleh lembaga-lembaga seperti Jamaah Tabligh ini ternyata menyuguhkan bukan semata persoalan gerakan kesalehan berdasarkan anjuran agama, namun ternyata juga menyajikan jalinan kerjasama dan juga solusi untuk mencapai level kehidupan lebih baik, terutama untuk kalangan muallaf. Kata Kunci : Jamaah Tabligh, Pesantren Hidayatullah, Dakwah, Rute Perdagangan, hambatan budaya   Abstract Proselityzing activities carried out by Jamaat Tabligh and Hidayatullah Islamic Boarding School in Indonesia has been widely published elsewhere. This article is only to add one more study about these two Islamic group that deals chiefly with their specific proselytization activities in Skouw border Jayapura, Papua. This gate splits between Indonesia and Papua New Guinea (PNG). Dai or Islamic proselytization activists of both group continue to keep their dakwah activity that possibles to convert local PNG people into Islam. This paper is based on field research which is approached by qualitative method. Its aim is to respond the question to what extend missionarism of both Islamic religious group at Skow border area, what are achieved so far and what challenges to it. The essential result of this research shows that Islamic missionarism of both group focusing not merely on pietic movement based on relegious tenets, but also stressing on networking between Indonesian and PNG people. Also, it shows the problem solving for gaining economic wellfare, especially for new Islamic converters (muallaf). Keywords: Jamaah Tabligh, Hidayatullah Islami boarding school, Dakwah, Trade route, cultural gap.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN REPRESENTASI MATEMATIS SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA

Ta dib ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Ummul Huda ◽  
Edwin Musdi ◽  
Nola Nari
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Mathematical Problem ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Mathematical Representation ◽  
Mathematical Problem Solving ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Descriptive Method

This research is motivated by the low mathematical representation ability of students in solving mathematical problem solving questions based on TIMSS data and facts in the field. The study aims to analyze the mathematical representation ability of MTsN Batusangkar students visually, verbally and symbolically in solving mathematical problem solving problems. This field research uses descriptive method. The instrument used is a description question and interview guide. Quantitative data based on test results were analyzed to determine the predicate of mathematical representation ability, while Miles and Huberman model wwas used to analyze qualitative data from interviews. The results show that students' mathematical visual and symbolic abilities are satisfactory, while verbal mathematical representations are less satisfactory.

scholarly journals South Los Angeles Wetland Park Methods

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Shannon ◽  
Christina Hood
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
South Los Angeles
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