The Establishing of Geospatial Database for Agricultural Lands of Islamic WAQF In Iraq: Case Study Babil Province

In numerous countries, one of the most significant pieces of background records is a religious endowment that usually called (WAQF), which have a cultural, and economic value. For instance, in Iraq, religious endowments comprise a large number of dispersed real estates and lands usually required effective administration methods. Agricultural lands that belonged to religious endowments lack of sufficient systems, which are combined statistical and spatial information in terms of spatial monitoring and informatics updating such as ownership and existing condition. Recently, geospatial techniques such as GIS showed a feasibility in the management of information belonged to lands management. Therefore, in this study we proposed a method based on GIS technology for the management of lands of Islamic endowments in Babil province, Iraq. The proposed methodology included the integration between field works using GPS equipment and Geospatial database. The developed database is considered as the first geodatabase related to the agricultural lands of the religious endowment in Iraq included almost all coordinates and specific details for each piece of agricultural lands that owned by the endowment. Furthermore, the output geodatabase is a flexible database included various features like query, search, and statistical computation.

Application of geophysical and hydrogeological analyses to predict water and hydrocarbon entry to the T5 Tunnel, west Iran

The Garmsiri Project, including the 4.5 km long T5 Tunnel, is under construction in western Iran. The T5 tunnel passes through the NW-SE trending Emam Hasan Anticline (EHA), perpendicular to the fold axis. The fold is mainly composed of the marlstone and argillaceous limestone layers of Cretaceous to Miocene age, incorporating the Pabdeh-Gurpi Formation, karst limestone of the Asmari Formation, and marlstone and gypsum of the Gachsaran Formation. There was a risk of water entry into the tunnel since it was constructed below the regional groundwater table elevation. In addition the entry of hydrocarbons, in either liquid or vapour phase, to the tunnel was possible due to the presence of numerous active bitumen mines in the vicinity of the anticline. To predict the risk of water or hydrocarbon entry geological and hydrogeological analyses together with the Audio Magnetotelluric (AMT) method were applied. Based on the field works, resistivity and geological cross sections were provided along the tunnel path. Several boreholes were drilled along the tunnel route and watertable elevation, Rock Quality Designation (RQD) and permeability values were measured. To determine a broad range of features related to the anticline, 55 AMT stations were positioned along the tunnel route. Dimensionality analysis confirmed 2D dimensionality of the AMT transfer functions, which allowed to apply the 2D bimodal inversion using a non-linear conjugate gradient algorithm. Integration of the geological and hydrogeological data with the resistivity model resulted in a more detailed geological section along the tunnel, including watertable elevation and identification of highly conductive zones in which bitumen migrated. It was predicted that water entry would be observed through the Asmari Formation and also that elevated H2S concentrations would be encountered during drilling in the anomalous conductive zones. Monitoring results and field observations gained during the tunnel construction were compared by the predictions.

EU Competition Law as Responsive Law

This article proposes two broad ways to conceptualise EU competition law. EU competition law could be viewed as ‘autonomous law’ (‘AL’), namely as a closed normative system a technocratic tool consisting in a set of rules that prohibit undue restraints of trade. Or, EU competition law could be viewed as ‘responsive law’ (‘RL’), namely as a relatively open normative system and an interpretive practice that oscillates between openness and integrity. The responsiveness approach offers a compelling conceptualisation as it explains certain endogenous features of EU competition law: its fuzzy mandate, conceptually elastic vocabulary, and use of rules and standards. In addition, the responsiveness approach can clarify the role economics plays in EU competition law. It views economics as an ‘ideological science’, which, even though it cannot insulate this legal field from value disagreements and make it ‘autonomous’, it can provide a source for positive and normative interpretive statements. On this basis the responsiveness approach maintains that EU competition law is by design open—ie conceptually elastic and factually sensitive—and that its openness can enhance, but also undermine its integrity—ie its capacity to realise its objective in a rule of law compatible manner. These conflicts between openness and integrity are the cause of EU competition law's relative indeterminacy. To deal with the problem of indeterminacy, the RL approach proposes a tripartite legal-institutional modus operandi consisting in constructive interpretation, responsive enforcement, and catalytic adjudication. Hence, considering EU competition law as a form of responsive law has three major implications: first, it offers a new way for understanding how this legal field works and changes; second, it suggests a strategy for dealing with EU competition law's indeterminacy, and third it proposes a new framing for the discursive practices of EU competition law's epistemic community.

Antiquities of Izborsk and the Surrounding Area in the Works of B. N. Kharlashov

Обзор научной деятельности Б. Н. Харлашова, посвященной Изборской оруге. Освещаются основные результаты полевых работ на памятниках разных эпох и аналитических историко-археологических исследований. Особое внимание уделено дискуссионным вопросам истории Изборска и Изборского уезда в XIV-XVI вв., которые разрабатывал исследователь. A review of scientific work of B. N. Kharlashov devoted to the Izborsk district. The main results of field works on monuments of different epochs and of analytical historical and archeological research are described. Particular attention is paid to the controversial questions of the history of Izborsk and Izborsk uyezd in the XIV-XVI centuries which were studied by the researcher.

Stratigraphic Lexicon: A revised guide to the Cenozoic Surface Formations of Qatar, Middle East (excluding the islands)

The author learned first-hand about the surface stratigraphy and geology of Qatar by dedicating most of his weekends to conducting field works and public-guided field tours from 2007 to 2020 while employed by Qatar Petroleum. Here, he reviews and updates the surface stratigraphic knowledge of Qatar since the last lexicon was published back in 1975. The geology and macro-paleontology of the Lower Eocene Rus, Middle Eocene Dammam, Lower Miocene Dam, and Mio-Pliocene Hofuf formations are described in detail and well-illustrated.

Oral Health Problems of Thai People Reported by Khon Kaen University Staffs during 1984 to 2020

To improve the efficiency of the dental care service system in Thailand. To synthesize content from Khon Kaen University (KKU) staffs and students’ research and presentations from 1984 to 2020 about oral health hygiene and related diseases. Sixteen publications and presentations by KKU staffs and their students about oral health problems and management were retrieved, reviewed and analyzed. Poor oral health of people in the northeast of Thailand is found in every age group: children, adults and the aging, both male and female. There are still many oral health problems of Thai people in the northeast. KKU Field Works, Projects and Research were able to help reduce these oral health problems. An appropriate preventive oral health program needs to be developed and implemented in Northeastern Thailand.

Pedagogical Leadership

Pedagogical leadership has been assigned different meanings and conceptualizations in different educational settings and across contexts. In the early childhood sector, the term first emerged in the 1990s. Here, pedagogy is seen as more applicable to the holistic work of early childhood educators in contrast to the term instructional leadership, which is usually associated with the schooling context. Pedagogical leadership is recently gaining more prominence due to the acknowledgment of the importance of leadership in early childhood and its integration into policy and qualifications (e.g., England’s Early Year Professional Status). In the schooling sector, pedagogical leadership was first promoted by Thomas Sergiovanni as an alternative to bureaucratic, visionary, and entrepreneurial leadership. Here, leadership is seen as a form of pedagogy and as being practiced by school leaders and teachers. Proponents of the model argue that pedagogy, especially in contrast to instruction, recognizes the cultural, moral, and societal aspects of learning. It involves a focus on building social and academic capital for students and intellectual and professional capital for teachers. Pedagogical leadership is described as bringing a pedagogical lens to all aspects of teaching and is strongly focused on dialogue with those being led or taught. Pedagogical leadership, as promoted by Sergiovanni, has not found great uptake in policy or research and the author did not further promote or examine the model in his later work. The term pedagogical or pedagogic leadership, however, is often used in research and policy in different contexts with other meanings attached to it. In the North American context, pedagogical leadership is generally used to describe leadership activities specifically focused on the improvement of teaching and learning as an aspect or dimension of a broader leadership model, such as instructional or transformational leadership. In the Scandinavian countries, pedagogical leadership has been used as a term in educational policy since the 1940s; however, it seems to lack a clear conceptualization and, in the schooling sector, is often regarded as the equivalent to instructional leadership, with some noting overlaps to Sergiovanni’s work or extending the earlier conceptualizations. Given the varying conceptualizations and uses of the term pedagogical leadership, this article incorporates sections on the use in each sector and the Scandinavian context. It highlights research published in the field, works that are helpful in understanding overlaps with other models, and works that extended conceptualizations of pedagogical leadership. Finally, sections on journals and books in the field are included.

Editorial—Physical Modelling in Hydraulics Engineering

Laboratory experiments and field works play a crucial role in hydraulic research, development, and design as many hydraulic processes elude analytical formulation or, at least for the time being, are not readily nor accurately reproducible with numerical simulations [...]

CONTAR, MEDIR E IR ALÉM: o sentido dos dados em estudos geográficos do clima

COUNTING, MEASURING AND GOING BEYOND: the meaning of data in geographic climate studiesCONTAR, MEDIR E IR MÁS ALLÁ: el significado de los datos en los estudios geográficos del climaRESUMOEste artigo busca discutir o sentido dos dados utilizados nos estudos geográficos do clima, considerando os limites da quantificação, o conceito filosófico de intencionalidade, as diferenças entre construção de conhecimento e construção de sentido na ciência, além das possibilidades de exame do tema a partir da Geografia do Clima, da Ecologia Política e da Geografia Física Crítica. O texto foi proposto devido às facilidades atuais para se acessar dados climáticos ou mensurá-los diretamente em trabalhos de campo, mas sob risco de uma abordagem acrítica de suas conexões com fatos sociais e políticos, por exemplo. Assim, o objetivo principal é contribuir para reforçar o significado do clima no âmbito da Geografia e os possíveis ganhos com o diálogo entre a Climatologia e outras perspectivas analíticas, especialmente nas ciências humanas.Palavras-chave: Dados Climáticos; Abordagem Crítica em Climatologia; Conhecimento e Sentido em Climatologia; Interdisciplinaridade.ABSTRACTThis paper seeks to discuss the sense of data used in geographic climate studies, considering the limits of quantification, the philosophical concept of intentionality, the differences between knowledge construction and sense construction in science besides the possibilities for examining the topic from the Geography of Climate, Political Ecology and Critical Physical Geography. The text was proposed due to the current facility to access climate data or mesure them directly in field works, but at risk of an uncritical approach of its connections with social and political facts, for example. Thus, the main purpose is contribute to reinforce the meaning of climate in the domain of Geography and the possible gains with the dialogue among Climatology and others analitical perpectives, especially in the human sciences.Keywords: Climatic Data; Critical Approach to Climatology; Knowledge and Meaning in Climatology; Interdisciplinarity.RESUMENEste artículo busca discutir el sentido de los datos utilizados en los estudios geográficos del clima, considerando los límites de la cuantificación, el concepto filosófico de intencionalidad, las diferencias entre la construcción del conocimiento y la construcción de los sentidos en la ciencia, además de las posibilidades de examinar el tema desde la perspectiva de la Geografía del Clima, Ecología Política y Geografía Física Crítica. El texto fue propuesto teniendo en cuenta la facilidad actual para acceder a los datos climáticos o medirlos directamente en el trabajo de campo, pero a riesgo de un enfoque acrítico de sus conexiones con hechos sociales y políticos, por ejemplo. Por lo tanto, el objetivo principal es contribuir a reforzar el significado del clima en el ámbito de la Geografía y las posibles ganancias con el diálogo entre la Climatología y otras perspectivas analíticas, especialmente en las ciencias humanas.Palabras clave: Datos Climáticos; Enfoque Crítico de la Climatología; Conocimiento y Significado en Climatología; Interdisciplinariedad.