scholarly journals REVIEW OF MODERN RESEARCH ON THE HISTORY OF TEACHER EDUCATION IN SIBERIA AND THE FAR EAST IN THE 1917 – EARLY 1930S

2021 ◽  
pp. 146-161
Author(s):  
Марина Петровна Войтеховская ◽  
Светлана Анатольевна Кочурина

Опорой для проведения современных образовательных реформ является исторический опыт, поэтому в современных исторических и историко-педагогических исследованиях проблемы истории образования занимают значительное место. В историографии вопросов развития педагогического образования в России долгие годы сохранялись две независимые исследовательские традиции, первая из которых была обращена к дореволюционной истории образования, вторая – к истории советской школы. Что касается истории образования в период революции и Гражданской войны, то глубоких научных работ, тем более в региональном разрезе, вплоть до конца XX в. практически не было. В первые десятилетия советской власти в историографии отношение к проблемам развития образования было напрямую связано с идеологическими установками. Последние предполагали критичное или исключительно негативное отношение к дореволюционному наследию. Постепенно утверждалось ошибочное мнение, что отечественное педагогическое образование началось с организации в СССР учебных заведений нового типа – педагогических институтов. В 1950–1960-е гг. история педагогического образования нередко рассматривалась как отдельное направление научных исследований, однако ученые акцентировали внимание на достижениях и нововведениях в организации советского образования, совершенно не учитывая объективных данных о многочисленных заимствованиях Наркомпросом политики, методов и приемов управления системой образования, сложившихся в дореволюционный период. Когда с конца 1960-х гг. исследователи получили возможность доступа ко многим ранее закрытым архивам, изучение истории педагогического образования обрело второе дыхание. Но только с 1990-х гг. постепенно исчезает догматическое отношение к историческому материалу 1917 – начала 1930-х гг., чему способствовало изменение общественных умонастроений, свобода слова, доступность исследователям обширных исторических материалов. В постсоветский период особую актуальность приобрел вопрос о преемственности досоветской и советской истории, в том числе и истории образования. В последнее время появилось значительное число публикаций, в которых напрямую или как сопутствующие рассматриваются проблемы подготовки учительских кадров в регионе в первые десятилетия советской власти. Вместе с тем во многих современных публикациях присутствуют неточности формулировок, ошибочные факты, которые кочуют из работы в работу. Подчас авторы пользуются ограниченным подбором источников, излишне вольно интерпретируют данные, что, безусловно, снижает качество научных исследований. Анализ литературы показал, что научных исследований, в комплексе раскрывающих процессы разработки в 1917 – начала 1930-х гг. стратегии модернизации советской системы педагогического образования и ее реализации в регионах, пока недостаточно. Обращает внимание полное отсутствие современных обобщающих работ по истории педагогического образования в условиях введения всеобщего обучения в Сибири и на Дальнем Востоке. Historical experience is the basis for carrying out modern educational reforms; therefore, problems of the history of education occupy a significant place in modern historical and historical-pedagogical research. In the historiography of the development of pedagogical education in Russia, two independent research traditions have been preserved for many years, the first of which was directed to the pre-revolutionary history of education, the second to the history of the Soviet school. As for the history of education during the revolution and the Civil War, there were practically no deep scientific works, especially in the regional context, until the end of the 20th century. In the first decades of Soviet power, in historiography, the attitude towards the problems of the development of education was directly related to ideological attitudes that presupposed a critical or exclusively negative attitude towards the pre-revolutionary legacy. Gradually, the erroneous opinion was confirmed that domestic pedagogical education began with the organization in the USSR of educational institutions of a new type – pedagogical institutes. In the 1950s – 1960s the history of pedagogical education was often considered as a separate area of scientific research, however, researchers focused on the achievements and innovations in the organization of Soviet education, completely disregarding objective data on the numerous borrowings of the People’s Commissariat of Education of policies, methods and techniques for managing the education system that developed in the pre-revolutionary period. When from the late 1960s researchers got the opportunity to access many, previously closed archives, the study of the history of teacher education has found a “second wind”. But only since the 1990s the dogmatic attitude to historical material from 1917 to the early 1930s is gradually disappearing, which was facilitated by a change in public attitudes, freedom of speech, and the availability of extensive historical materials to researchers. In the post- Soviet period, the question of the continuity of the pre-Soviet and Soviet history, including the history of education, acquired particular relevance. In recent decades, a significant number of publications have appeared in which the problems of teacher training in the region in the first decades of Soviet power are directly or as related. At the same time, in many modern publications there are inaccuracies in wording, erroneous facts that wander from work to work. Sometimes authors use a limited selection of sources, interpret the data too freely, which undoubtedly reduces the quality of scientific research. Analysis of scientific literature showed that scientific research, in a complex revealing the development processes in 1917 – early 1930s the strategy of modernizing the Soviet system of pedagogical education and its implementation in the regions is still insufficient. Attention is drawn to the complete absence of modern generalizing works on the history of teacher education in the context of the introduction of universal education in Siberia and the Far East.

2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Perehvalskaya

It would be unjust to say that languages of ethnic minorities of Siberia and the Far East of Russia have not received the attention of linguists and anthropologists, yet until now there has been no book that has gathered, classified, and compared data on the sociolinguistic situation of these minorities over the whole Soviet period. This is the topic of Vakhtin's new book. It deals almost exclusively with the exterior aspect of the history of the languages; it does not analyze structural changes in the languages themselves.


Author(s):  
А.А. Даценко

Виталий Ильич Кандыба (1943–2016) — первый и на протяжении десятилетий единственный искусствовед в Приморском крае, преподаватель истории искусств в Дальневосточном институте искусств, арт-критик, разносторонне и глубоко погруженный в художественный процесс современного ему регионального искусства. Он не только представлял художников Дальнего Востока на всероссийском и всесоюзном уровне в советскую эпоху, но и в какой-то мере указывал направление развития дальневосточного искусства. Виталий Кандыба — автор книг об истории возникновения и путях развития изобразительного искусства Приморья, Хабаровского края, Амурской области с 1860-х до 1930-х годов, об образовании и деятельности Приморской организации Союза художников России, до сих пор являющихся обязательным источником для искусствоведов, посвятивших себя изучению творчества художников региона. Тем не менее его жизнь и творчество до настоящего времени недостаточно изучены. В статье делается попытка представить очерк творческой биографии В.И. Кандыбы, дать оценку роли и значения его деятельности. Vitaly I. Kandyba (1943–2016) is the first and for decades the only art critic in Primorye, a teacher of art history at the Far Eastern Institute of Arts, versatile and deeply immersed in the artistic process of contemporary regional art. He not only represented artists of the Far East at the All-Russian and All-Union level during the Soviet period, but also to some extent indicated the direction of development of Far Eastern art. Vitaly Kandyba is the author of books about the history of the emergence and development of fine art of Primorye, Khabarovsk Krai, Amur Region from the 1860s to the 1930s, about the formation and activities of the Primorye Organization of the Union of Artists of Russia, which are still a mandatory source for art historians who have devoted themselves to studying the creativity of artists of the region. Nevertheless, his life and work have not been sufficiently studied to date. The article attempts to present an outline of the creative biography of V.I. Kandyba, to assess the role and significance of his activities.


2018 ◽  
pp. 1081-1091
Author(s):  
Natalya A. Belyaeva ◽  
◽  
Natalya A. Shabelnikova ◽  

The article is devoted to the problems of forming a sources base for studying the history of fighting smuggling in the Russian Far East, a subject which is becoming a line of historical research. In many respects, this is due to activation of scientific activity in the Far Eastern departmental universities. Transfer of the Russian State Historical Archive of the Far East from Tomsk to Vladivostok has played its role in studying smuggling as a historical phenomenon in the Far East. Although they appreciate the work done for introducing into scientific use Soviet period documents from state and departmental archives, the authors can’t help noting fragmentary use of documents of the RGIA DV. This is what prevents reconstruction of a complete and objective picture of fighting smuggling in the periphery. The authors study new possibilities of forming a source base for studying the history of combating smuggling in the first decades of the 20th century. They note that opening all fonds the RGIA DV for researchers in 2013 created favorable conditions for comprehensive study of customs records, this peculiar source on the history of smuggling. A complex of these documents is preserved in the fonds of the customs agencies that operated in the Amur and Trans-Baikal area in the pre-revolutionary period: regional offices of customs administration, custom offices, custom posts. They had to shoulder the bulk of counter-smuggling work in the absence of border guard. Study of some archival cases demonstrates information potential of customs record keeping. The authors contend the need to improve the methods of identification and introduction into scientific use of sources on the history of fighting smuggling. Further prospects for development of this line of historical research are associated with use of the entire complex of customs agencies documents which is supposed to expand the subject-matter and to force researchers to address it not just as a crime, but also as a social and cultural phenomenon.


1939 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
James F. Abel

Author(s):  
William V. Costanzo

This is a book about the intersection of humor, history, and culture. It explores how film comedy, one of the world’s most popular movie genres, reflects the values and beliefs of those who enjoy its many forms, its most enduring characters and stories, its most entertaining routines and funniest jokes. What people laugh at in Europe, Africa, or the Far East reveals important truths about their differences and common bonds. By investigating their traditions of humor, by paying close attention to the kinds of comedy that cross national boundaries and what gets lost in translation, this study leads us to a deeper understanding of each other and ourselves. Section One begins with a survey of the theories and research that best explain how humor works. It clarifies the varieties of comic forms and styles, identifies the world’s most archetypal figures of fun, and traces the history of mirth from earliest times to today. It also examines the techniques and aesthetics of film comedy: how movies use the world’s rich repertoire of amusing stories, gags, and wit to make us laugh and think. Section Two offers a close look at national and regional trends. It applies the concepts set forth earlier to specific films across a broad spectrum of sub-genres, historical eras, and cultural contexts, providing an insightful comparative study of the world’s great traditions of film comedy.


1950 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 529
Author(s):  
Engel Sluiter ◽  
C. R. Boxer
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
A. V. Khairulina ◽  

The article explores the first pedagogical experience of Academician of the Russian Academy of Arts, Honored Artist of the Russian Federation, Professor Oleg Nikolaevich Loshakov in Vladivostok. The work provides a brief overview on the history of the formation of professional arts education in the Far East. Positive influence of Oleg Loshakov — graduate of the Moscow State Academic Art Institute named after V. I. Surikov on improving the quality of the educational process at the Vladivostok Art School is noted. He contributed greatly to the development of fine arts in Primorsky Krai as a teacher and representative of the Moscow School of Painting. Further creative activity of O. N. Loshakov who painted landscapes on Shikotan Island together with a group of young artists that were his first graduates is described. The materials of the article expand the range of ideas about the artist's work in the Far East, and reveal new aspects of his landscape paintings of the 1960s. Special consideration is given to the monumental landscape in the master's work. The relevance of the topic is determined by the lack of materials devoted to the period of O. N. Loshakov's formation as a teacher and artist.


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