scholarly journals Application of Recycle System on a Cocoa Pod Husks Gasification in a Fixed-Bed Downdraft Gasifier to Produce Low Tar Fuel Gas

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-129
Author(s):  
Sunu Herwi Pranolo ◽  
Joko Waluyo ◽  
Jenni Prasetiyo ◽  
Muhammad Ibrahim Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Producer Gas ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Downdraft Gasifier ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Cold Gas Efficiency ◽  
Volumetric Rate ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husks

Biomass gasification is potentially generating not only producer gas but also tarry components. Practically, the gas may substitute traditional fuel in an internal combustion engine after reducing the tar. This research examined a producer gas recycle system to reduce tar component of producer gas generated with cocoa pod husks gasification using air as gasifying agent in a fixed-bed downdraft gasifier. Cocoa pod husks feed sizes were +1” sieve, -1”+ 0.5” sieve, and -0.5” sieve. The gasification process was operated at the temperature range of 491 – 940oC and at various gasifying agent volumetric rates of 62.84; 125,68; and 188.53 NL/min or at equivalent ratio range of 0.014 – 0.042. A recycle system of outlet producer gas to gasifier was set at volumetric rates of 0.139; 0.196; and 0.240 L/min. The performance of the system was evaluated with analyzing the tar component using gravimetric method of ASTM D5068-13, and the gas component of CO, H2, CO2 and CH4 compositions in producer gas were analyzed using Gas Chromatography GC-2014 Shimadzu sensor TCD-14. This recycle system succeeded in reducing tar content as much as 97.19% at 0.139 L/min of recycle volumetric rate and at biomass feed size of -1”+0.5” sieve. The producer gas contained CO, H2, CO2 and CH4 of 23.29%, 2.66%, 13.30%, and 14.18% respectively. The recycle system cold gas efficiency was observed 65.24% at gasifying agent volumetric rate of 188.53 L/min and at biomass feed size of +1” sieve.

scholarly journals Production of clean synthetic gas from palm shell in a fixed bed gasifier with recycle system of producer gas

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 09004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunu Herwi Pranolo ◽  
Muhammad Tasmiul Khoir ◽  
Muhammad Fahreza Pradhana
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Producer Gas ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
Gasification Rate ◽  
Synthetic Gas ◽  
Volumetric Rate ◽  
Tar Reduction ◽  
Secondary Air

Tar as side product of biomass gasification could potentially degrade internal combustion engine performance if syngas is used for the fuel. Tar reduction may be achievable with recycling of outlet producer gas back into the gasifier. This research studied the effects of recycle system to tar content in syngas as product of palm shell gasification in a fixed bed gasifier. The effects of recycling system were examined using gasification of palm shell with primary air at 3.30 Nm3/h, mixture of primary air at 1.80 Nm3/h and secondary air at 1.50 Nm3/h, and mixture of primary air and recycled gas. Volumetric rate of recycle gas were varied at 0.90 and 1.20 Nm3/h respectively. Gasification performance evaluation was based on Specific Gasification Rate. Syngas quality was rated with tar content, CO, CH4, H2, CO2, and N2 composition. The highest Specific Gasification Rate of 111.71 kg/m2h and tar reduction up to 61.95% were achieved using recycle system at volumetric rate of 0.90 Nm3/h with temperature of operation is 750°C. The highest heating value of 6.34 MJ/Nm3 was attained using recycled gas volumetric rate at 1.20 Nm3/h.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan gasifikasi batubara untuk unit pengeringan teh

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 443
Author(s):  
Ari Susandy Sanjaya ◽  
S Suhartono ◽  
Herri Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Producer Gas ◽  
Downdraft Gasifier ◽  
Gasification Process

Coal gasification utilization for tea drying unit. Anticipating the rise of fuel oil, the management of a tea plantation and drying plant has considered to substitute its oil consumption with producer gas (gaseous fuel obtained from gasification process). A tea drying unit normally consumes 70 L/h of industrial diesel oil and is operated 10 hours per day. The gasification unit consisted of a down draft fixed bed gasifier (designed capacity of about 100 kg/h), gas cooling and cleaning systems. The gas producer was delivered to the tea processing unit and burned to heat the drying oil: Low calorific value coal (4500 kcal/kg) and wood waste (4000 kcal/kg) have been used as fuel. The gasification unit could be operated as long as 8 hours without refueled since the coal hopper on the toppart of gasifier has a capacity of 1000 kg. Sometimes, the gasification process must be stopped before coal completely consumed due to ash melting inside the gasifier. Combustion of producer gas produced a pale-blue flame, probably due to a lower calorific value of the producer gas or too much excess air. Temperature of heating-air heated by combustion of this producer gas was only up to 96 oC. To achieve the target temperature of 102 oC, a small oil burner must he operated at a rate ofabout 15 L/h. Thus the oil replacement was about 78%.Keywords:  Fuel oil, Producer gas, Downdraft gasifier, Dual fuel, Calorific value, Burner. AbstrakKenaikan harga bahan bakar minyak untuk industri pada awal 2006 telah mendorong berbagai pemikiran dan upaya pemanfaatan bahan bakar alternatif. Sebuah unit gasifikasi telah dipasang di pabrik teh sebagai penyedia bahan bakar alternatif. Unit gasifikasi tersebut terdiri dari gasifier, pendingin, pembersih gas, dan blower. Unit gasifikasi ini ditargetkan untuk dapat menggantikan konsumsi minyak bakar 70 L/jam. Gasifier dirancang untuk kapasitas 120 kg/jam batubara, dan memiliki spesifikasi sebagai berikut: downdraft gasifier; diameter tenggorokan 40 cm, diameter zona reduksi 80 cm. Bunker di bagian atas gasifier memiliki kapasitas sekitar 1000 kg batubara agar gasifier dapat dioperasikan selama 8 jam tanpa pengisian-ulang. Bahan baku gasifikasi yang telah diuji-coba adalah batuhara kalori rendah (4500 kcal/kg) dan limbah kayu (4000 kcal/kg). Gas produser (hasil gasifikasi) dibakar pada burner untuk memanaskan udara pengering teh sampai temperatur target 102 oC. Pembakaran gas produser ternyata menghasilkan api biru pucat yang mungkin disebabkan oleh rendahnya kalor bakar gas dan tingginya udara-lebih. Temperatur udara pengering hasil pemanasan dengan api gas produser hanya mencapai 96 oC. Dan untuk mencapai temperatur udara pengering 102 oC, burner gas prod user harus dibantu dengan burner minyak 15 L/jam. Jadi operasi dual fued ini dapat memberi penghematan minyak bakar 78%.Kata kunci: Minyak bakar, Gas produser, Downdraft gasifier, Dual fuel, Kalor bakar, Burner. 

scholarly journals Design and experimental tests of an Imbert type downdraft gasifier prototype and clean-up system for small-scale biomass-based power generation

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Miguel Mendonça ◽  
Victor Mantilla ◽  
João Patela ◽  
Valter Silva ◽  
Fernanda Resende
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Producer Gas ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Downdraft Gasifier

This paper addresses the design, development and experimental tests of a prototype of fuel gas generation system based on biomass gasification for small-scale applications, around 5 kW. It comprises the small scale downdraft gasifier and the gas cleaning system aiming to clean-up the producer gas to be used in the upstream Internal Combustion Engine (ICE). The design of the downdraft gasifier prototype follows the methodologies that have been reported on the available literature. However, since these methodologies apply to gasifiers with larger rated powers, the adopted methodology is based on the extrapolation of the main parameters used for larger gasifiers design. For runing the ICE the producer gas requires to have a specific gas composition with an acceptable range of impurities. Therefore, a clean-up system was proposed following three stages: in first instance a hot gas clean-up using a cyclone designed to eliminate particles and compounds; then a heat exchanger was used for cooling the gas to condensate tars and water; finally a cold gas clean-up is performed by filtration using two filter steps: the first one using organic material (biomass) and the second one using a polypropylene cartridge filter. Experimental tests were performed using the developed imbert downdraft gasifier prototype, using pellets as feedstock. The preliminary results allow verifying several drawbacks that will difficult an effective integration of the developed prototype for small scale power generation applications based on ICE using low density feedstock.

Operation of a Circulating Fluidised Bed Biomass Gasifier

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanyi Chen ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
Michel P. Glazer ◽  
Chunlei Zhang ◽  
J. Andries
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Producer Gas ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Tar Cracking ◽  
Shift Reaction ◽  
Circulating Fluidised Bed

Energy generation from the use of biomass is gaining an increasing attention. Gasification of biomass at present, is widely accepted as a popular technical route to produce fuel gas for the application in boilers, engine, gas/micro turbine or fuel cell. Up to now, most of researchers have focused their attentions only on fixed-bed gasification and fluidised bed gasification under air-blown conditions. In that case, the producer gas is contaminated by high tar contents and particles which could lead to the corrosion and wear of blades of turbine. Furthermore, both the technologies, particularly fixed bed gasification, are not flexible for using multiple biomass-fuel types and also not feasible economically and environmentally for large scale application up to 10∼50 MWth. An innovative circulating fluidised bed concept has been considered in our laboratory for biomass gasification thereby overcoming these challenges. The concept combines and integrates partial oxidation, fast pyrolysis (with an instantaneous drying), gasification, and tar cracking, as well as a shift reaction, with the purpose of producing a high quality of gas, in terms of low tar level and particulates carried out in the producer gas, and overall emissions reduction associated with the combustion of producer gas. This paper describes our innovative concept and presents some experimental results. The results indicate that the gas yield can be above 1.80Nm3/kg with the calorific value of 4.5–5.0MJ/Nm3, and the fluctuation of the gas yield during the period of operation is 3.3%–3.5% for the temperature of 750–800 °C. In genera, the results achieved support our concept as a promising alternative for the gasifier coupled with micro/gas turbine to generate electricity.

Simulation of High Temperature Air – Steam Biomass Gasification in a Downdraft Gasifier Using ASPEN PLUS

2012 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Worapot Ngamchompoo ◽  
Kittichai Triratanasirichai
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Aspen Plus ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Producer Gas ◽  
Downdraft Gasifier ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Cold Gas Efficiency

A comprehensive process model is developed for high temperature air – steam biomass gasification in a downdraft gasifier using the ASPEN PLUS simulator. The simulation results are compared with the experimental data obtained through pilot scale downdraft gasifier. In this study, the model is used to investigate the effects of gasifying agent preheating, equivalence ratio (ER), and steam/biomass (S/B) on producer gas composition, high heating value (HHV), and cold gas efficiency (CGE). Results indicate that H2 and CO contents have increased when gasifying agent preheating is used, while gasifying agent preheating has no effect with H2 and CO at high ER. At high level of S/B, the concentrations of H2 and CO are related with water-gas shift reaction in significant. HHV and CGE depend on the concentrations of H2 and CO in producer gas, which can increase by preheated gasifying agent. However, gasifying agent preheating should apply with waste heat from the process because there is no additional cost of energy price.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Literature Review of Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass for Syngas Production and Associated Challenge

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-512
Author(s):  
Ghulamullah Maitlo ◽  
Rasool Bux Mahar ◽  
Zulfiqar Ali Bhatti ◽  
Imran Nazir
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Gaseous Product ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Producer Gas ◽  
Syngas Production ◽  
Gasification Process

The interest in the thermochemical conversion of biomass for producer gas production since last decade has increased because of the growing attention to the application of sustainable energy resources. Application of biomass resources is a valid alternative to fossil fuels as it is a renewable energy source. The valuable gaseous product obtained through thermochemical conversion of organic material is syngas, whereas the solid product obtained is char. This review deals with the state of the art of biomass gasification technologies and the quality of syngas gathered through the application of different gasifiers along with the effect of different operating parameters on the quality of producer gas. Main steps in gasification process including drying, oxidation, pyrolysis and reduction effects on syngas production and quality are presented in this review. An overview of various types of gasifiers used in lignocellulosic biomass gasification processes, fixed bed and fluidized bed and entrained flow gasifiers are discussed. The effects of various process parameters such as particle size, steam and biomass ratio, equivalence ratio, effects of temperature, pressure and gasifying agents are discussed. Depending on the priorities of several researchers, the optimum value of different anticipated productivities in the gasification process comprising better quality syngas production improved lower heating value, higher syngas production, improved cold gas efficiency, carbon conversion efficiency, production of char and tar have been reviewed.

scholarly journals Modelling and experimental analysis of a small-scale olive pomace gasifier for cogeneration applications: A techno-economic assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-339
Author(s):  
João Cardoso ◽  
Valter Silva ◽  
Daniela Eusébio ◽  
Tiago Carvalho ◽  
Paulo Brito
Keyword(s):  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Producer Gas ◽  
Olive Pomace ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Cold Gas Efficiency ◽  
Gas Efficiency ◽  
Cold Gas

A 2-D numerical simulation approach was implemented to describe the gasification process of olive pomace in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor. The numerical model was validated under experimental gasification runs performed in a 250 kWth quasi-industrial biomass gasifier. The producer gas composition, H2/CO ratio, CH4/H2 ratio, cold gas efficiency and tar content were evaluated. The most suitable applications for the potential use of olive pomace as an energy source in Portugal were assessed based on the results. A techno-economic study and a Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis were performed to assess the feasibility and foresee the main investment risks in conducting olive pomace gasification in small facilities. Results indicated that olive pomace gasification is more suitable for domestic purposes. The low cold gas efficiency of the process (around 20%) turns the process more appropriate for producer gas production in small cogeneration facilities. Olive pomace gasification solutions showed viable economic performance in small cogeneration solutions for agriculture waste-to-energy recovery in olive oil agriculture cooperatives. However, the slender profitability may turn the project unattractive for most investors from a financial standpoint.

scholarly journals Sensitivity Analysis of Different Parameters on the Performance of a CHP Internal Combustion Engine System Fed by a Biomass Waste Gasifier

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Villarini ◽  
Vera Marcantonio ◽  
Andrea Colantoni ◽  
Enrico Bocci
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Cold Gas Efficiency ◽  
Gas Efficiency ◽  
Cold Gas

The present paper presents a study of biomass waste to energy conversion using gasification and internal combustion engine for power generation. The biomass waste analyzed is the most produced on Italian soil, chosen for suitable properties in the gasification process. Good quality syngas with up to 16.1% CO–4.3% CH4–23.1% H2 can be produced. The syngas lower heating value may vary from 1.86 MJ/ Nm3 to 4.5 MJ/Nm3 in the gasification with air and from 5.2 MJ/ Nm3 to 7.5 MJ/Nm3 in the gasification with steam. The cold gas efficiency may vary from 16% to 41% in the gasification with air and from 37% to 60% in the gasification with steam, depending on the different biomass waste utilized in the process and the different operating conditions. Based on the sensitivity studies carried out in the paper and paying attention to the cold gas efficiency and to the LHV, we have selected the best configuration process for the best syngas composition to feed the internal combustion engine. The influence of syngas fuel properties on the engine is studied through the electrical efficiency and the cogeneration efficiency.

Numerical Study of Solid Biomass Fuel in a Gasifier System

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 191-194
Author(s):  
Ming Yung Wang ◽  
Hsiao Kang Ma
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Biomass Fuel ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Operation Condition ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Cold Gas Efficiency ◽  
Downdraft Fixed Bed ◽  
Solid Biomass

In this study, the gasification processes of different Taiwan’s agriculture wastes were studied by using software of Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), which developed by American National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), to build a model of downdraft fixed bed gasifier. Details of the operation condition for the Taiwan’s agriculture waste biomass fuel in the gasifier were obtained. They include traction fan speed, leakage air, internal temperature, moisture, and cold gas efficiency. The simulated results are found in small type fixed bed biomass gasifier under traction fan initial speed is 0.2m/s, the leakage air in the gasification area is less than 10% of the amount of wind quantity by traction fan and moisture content of solid biomass is limited at 10% ~ 20%(vol.) that temperature in gasification zone with steady supply fuel gas condition is near 850~900°C.

Hydrogen Generation by Gasification of Rice Husk in an Integrated Fuel Cell Processor

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuen-Song Lin ◽  
Chi-Nan Ku ◽  
Chien-Te Hsieh ◽  
Shih-Hung Chan ◽  
Ay Su
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Pure Hydrogen ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Cold Gas Efficiency ◽  
High Purity Hydrogen

Fuel processing is defined as conversion of any biomass, hydrocarbons or organics to a fuel gas reformate suitable for fuel cell (FC) anode reaction system. Rice husk is one of the potential organic sources of hydrogen and heat energy that can be generated from rice husk gasification processes. The high-purity hydrogen fed to the FC stack for power generation makes waste rice husk utilization system economically and environmentally attractive. Thus, the main objectives of this work were to develop a rice husk gasification process and the potential applications of high-purity hydrogen from syngas (CO and H2) on stationary power generator of FC system. In the lab-scale fixed-bed and bench-scale downdraft experimental approaches, gasification of rice husk was accompanied by a substantial production of syngas at 760–900 K. It was found that in addition to over 90% of syngas generation, approximately 7.17 × 105 kcal/hr of thermal energy was recovered and the cold gas efficiency was 78–86% when the gasifier was operated at O/C atomic ratios between 1.1 and 1.3. The product syngas can be further separated by pressure swing adsorption and Pd membrane purification units, which effectively purified and generated 99.999% pure hydrogen in an integrated FC Processor. Finally, cost or benefit analysis of a rice husk gasifier of 10-TPD (tons per day) was also performed to confirm the economic potential for such a recycling practice and determine if further development of stationary FC system would be warranted.

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