scholarly journals Seleksi In Vitro dan Pengujian Mutan Tanaman Pisang Ambon Kuning untuk Ketahanan terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Deden Sukmadjaja ◽  
Ragapadmi Purnamaningsih ◽  
Tri P. Priyatno
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Fusaric Acid ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Induce Mutagenesis ◽  
Fusarium Wilt Of Banana ◽  
Basal Media ◽  
Generative Phase ◽  
Race 4

<p>Fusarium wilt of banana (Musa spp.) caused by<br />Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is the most serious<br />problem faced in banana cultivation in terms of plant<br />productivity and fruit quality. Mutation breeding is one of the<br />alternative method that can be applied in producing new<br />banana cultivar. Mutants can be induced by chemical<br />mutagen such as ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) followed by<br />in vitro selection and then evaluation of the mutants to<br />fusarium wilt disease in glasshouse and Foc infected field.<br />The aim of this research was obtained EMS induced and in<br />vitro selected mutants of banana var. Ambon Kuning and<br />evaluated Foc disease resistant clones in glasshouse and<br />Foc infected field. The first step to obtain the explants for<br />this research was initiation and formation of multiple bud<br />clumps (MBC) using MS basal media supplemented with 5,<br />10, and 20 mg/l of benzyladenin. Plant regeneration of MBC<br />was also studied by using MS media containing 0, 0.2, and 1<br />mg/l of benzyladenin. To induce mutagenesis, MBC was<br />soaked in 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5% (v/v) EMS for 1, 2, and 3 hours.<br />The assesment of resistant MBC mutants to Fusarium<br />phytotoxin was conducted by using fusaric acid (FA) as<br />selection agent in concentration of 30, 45, and 60 ppm.<br />Putative mutant plants produced by in vitro selection were<br />further tested using spore solution of Foc race 4 in<br />glasshouse. Meanwhile, Foc resistance assesment in the<br />infected field was conducted in Pasirkuda Experimental<br />Station, Bogor Agricultural University. The results showed<br />that MBC can be formed in MS basal media supplemented<br />with 10 or 20 mg/l benzyladenin. The EMS played a role in<br />obtaining mutants by producing 68 MBC putative mutants<br />tolerant to Foc based on FA selection. Further evaluation in<br />the glasshouse was obtained 64 Foc resistant plants from<br />391 putative mutants produced by in vitro selection.<br />Evaluation in the Foc infected field showed six clones<br />survived until generative phase (12 month of age).</p>

In vitro Selection for Fusaric Acid Resistant Barley Plants

1987 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Chawla ◽  
G. Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Fusaric Acid ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals Biohardening of Tissue Cultured Banana Plantlets of cv. Ney Poovan for the Management of Fusarium wilt of Banana with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (VB7) Triggers Defence Gene Products and Growth Promotion

2020 ◽  
pp. 352-366
Author(s):  
C. Y. Shalini Udaya ◽  
S. Nakkeeran ◽  
K. Soorianathasundaram
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Bacterial Endophytes ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Ney Poovan ◽  
Fusarium Wilt Of Banana

Fusarium wilt of banana is the most devastating disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc). In order to combat the early onset of Fusarium wilt disease, an experiment was carried out on biohardening of tissue cultured plantlets. Six bacterial endophytes were observed to inhibit the growth of Foc in vitro. Among the six bacterial endophytes, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (VB7) inhibited mycelial growth of Foc to an extent of 70.58% over control. Further, these bacterial endophytes were used for biohardening of the tissue cultured banana plantlets cv. Ney Poovan (AB) during primary and secondary hardening stages. Among the bacterial endophytes, B. amyloliquefaciens was found to significantly enhance plant height, leaf production, root numbers and root length compared to untreated control. Activity of defense enzymes were  also enhanced and such increase in activity was observed to be to an  extent of 93.67% in peroxidase, 92.39% polyphenol oxidase, 97.60% phenylalanine ammonia lyase  and 26.23% in β-1, 3-glucanase defence enzymes in plants biohardened with B. amyloliquefaciens (VB7) over untreated control after inoculation of Foc. Tissue cultured plants of Ney Poovan biohardened with B. amyloliquefaciens   (VB7),   B.   paraconglomeratum   (YEB   PT2) and S. maltophilia (YEB RH2) were completely free from wilt incidence symptoms upto planting stage when challenged with Foc inoculum under pot culture conditions. As among these three endophytes, B. amyloliquefaciens (VB7) also influenced favourable growth promotion, it can serve as a potential biocontrol agent for management of Fusarium wilt of banana.

scholarly journals Unique Secreted in Xylem Genes in Banana-Infecting Endophytic Fusarium Oxysporum

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Rebecca Lyons ◽  
Elizabeth Czislowski ◽  
Isabel Zeil-Rolfe ◽  
Shubhdeep Kaur ◽  
Zhendong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Banana Industry ◽  
Fusarium Wilt Of Banana ◽  
Race 4 ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum Species Complex ◽  
Six Genes

Members of the Fusarium oxysporum species complex include pathogenic and non-pathogenic isolates and infect a broad range of plant species. F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) causes the destructive Fusarium wilt of banana, and the recently emerged Foc tropical race 4 strain threatens the global banana industry. Secreted in xylem (SIX) genes encode for F. oxysporum effector proteins that are associated with virulence in pathogenic F. oxysporum, however they have rarely been reported from non-pathogenic F. oxysporum isolates. Our recent survey of asymptomatic banana plants grown in Foc-infested fields in Queensland and northern NSW revealed that diverse Fusarium spp, including F. oxysporum, reside in the plant roots and pseudostem without causing obvious damage to the plant. Intriguingly, we amplified SIX genes from several of the putative endophytic F. oxysporum isolates identified in the survey and found that they differ in their profile to known Foc SIX genes. To study the role of the endophytic F. oxysporum isolates in planta and the biological function of their SIX genes in more detail, we will re-inoculate cultivated and wild diploid banana lines with the endophytic F. oxysporum strains under glasshouse conditions to assess if they are non-pathogenic on banana. Secondly, we will determine whether the endophytic F. oxysporum SIX genes are expressed in planta and/or in vitro and look at the transcriptome changes occurring in the host following infection. Finally, endophytic F. oxysporum strains transformed with GFP will be used to investigate the extent of fungal colonisation in the plant.

Efficacy of disinfectants against Tropical Race 4 causing Fusarium wilt in Cavendish bananas

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maricar Salacinas ◽  
Harold Meijer ◽  
Samuel Herbert T. Mamora ◽  
Benny Corcolon ◽  
Amir Mirzadi Ghohari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Calcium Hypochlorite ◽  
Banana Production ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Race 4

Fusarium wilt is one of the most damaging diseases of banana that currently puts the global production and food security at risk. The causal agents belong to the genus Fusarium and the soilborne species that is currently threatening Cavendish varieties and many locally important cultivars is F. odoratissimum, colloquially called Tropical Race 4 (TR4), which spreads easily and rapidly within and between farms. Even though limited information exists on the efficacy of disinfectants, they are promoted as a front-line defense against the spread of TR4 in the banana production areas by equipment and human activity. In this study, 13 disinfectants, the majority marketed in the Philippines, were tested for efficacy on TR4 mycelium, conidia, chlamydospores suspensions and chlamydospore-infested soil. They encompass five chemical groups, quaternary ammonium, halogens, alcohols, diamidines and aldehydes, and were tested at a range of concentrations and exposure times. Conidiospores were sensitive to all tested disinfectants at the manufacturer’s suggested rates. Ten disinfectants controlled mycelial growth with the exception of the quaternary ammonium-based disinfectant GUAA. Eleven disinfectants showed adequate efficacy at all tested concentrations towards chlamydospores in suspension, whereas a calcium hypochlorite-based disinfectant lacked efficacy at all concentrations tested. Despite in vitro efficacy, all disinfectants, except the diamidine-based disinfectant Formo, were largely ineffective in treating chlamydospores present in soil (in situ). However, Formo is corrosive to metals, making it less suitable for various applications. The in vitro results illustrate that overall efficacy of disinfectants depends on the fungal propagule, exposure time, and the environment in which they are exposed. We also determined the exposure times of footwear and vehicles in sanitation baths under field conditions and conclude that those significantly deviate from the minimal required contact time under in vitro conditions. Suboptimal quarantine measures, therefore, are likely to contribute to continued local, regional, and international TR4 dissemination.

scholarly journals PENEKANAN PERKEMBANGAN PENYAKIT BUSUK BATANG VANILI (FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F.SP. VANILLAE) MELALUI SELEKSI ASAM FUSARAT SECARA IN VITRO

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Endang Nurcahyani ◽  
Issirep Sumardi ◽  
Bambang Hadisutrisno ◽  
E. Suharyanto
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Fusaric Acid ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Important Disease

The most biological constrain on Vanilla planifolia plantation recently was caused by epidemical disease that laterdecrease vanilla production. The most important disease on vanilla is foot rot disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.vanillae. So far, the disease has not been successfully controlled although some experiments had been conducted. Onealternative method has been introduced by using a new cultivar which was resistance to Fusarium). A mutant vanilla to thefungus has been initiated by in vitro selection on medium containing fusaric acid. The aims of this research were: (1) to investigate effective concentration of fusaric acid used for in vitro selection, (2) to characterize mutants which have been set up and also to test those mutants for their resistance to the fungus. The results showed that: (1) fusaric acid at the concentration of 110 ppm effectively suppressed the disease intensity up to 25% compared to the concentration of 90 ppm and 100 ppm. In other words, 110 ppm of fusaric acid has increased the category criterion from moderate to resistant, (2) there was an increase of the total phenol content and thickness of lignin in vanilla stem, and (3) the protein profile of vanilla plantlet was different from the control. There was an initiation of a new band of about 18 kD in a mutant predicted as a protein which is responsible for vanilla resistance to Fusarium.

Toxin-based in-vitro selection and its potential application to date palm for resistance to the bayoud Fusarium wilt

2005 ◽  
Vol 328 (8) ◽  
pp. 732-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelbasset El Hadrami ◽  
Abdelmalek El Idrissi-Tourane ◽  
Majida El Hassni ◽  
Fouad Daayf ◽  
Ismaïl El Hadrami
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Date Palm

scholarly journals Comparison of Four Systems to Test the Tolerance of ‘Fortune’ Mandarin Tissue Cultured Plants to Alternaria alternata

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1321
Author(s):  
Margarita Pérez-Jiménez ◽  
Olaya Pérez-Tornero
Keyword(s):  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Fungus Culture ◽  
Alternaria Brown Spot

Alternaria brown spot is a severe disease that affects leaves and fruits on susceptible mandarin and mandarin-like cultivars, and is produced by Alternaria alternata. Consequently, there is an urge to obtain new cultivars resistant to A. alternata, and mutation breeding together with tissue culture can help shorten the process. However, a protocol for the in vitro selection of resistant citrus genotypes is lacking. In this study, four methods to evaluate the sensitivity to Alternaria of mandarin ‘Fortune’ explants in in vitro culture were tested. The four tested systems consisted of: (1) the addition of the mycotoxin, produced by A. alternata in ‘Fortune’, to the propagation culture media, (2) the addition of the A. alternata culture filtrate to the propagation culture media, (3) the application of the mycotoxin to the intact shoot leaves, and (4) the application of the mycotoxin to the previously excised and wounded leaves. After analyzing the results, only the addition of the A. alternata culture filtrate to the culture media and the application of the mycotoxin to the wounded leaves produced symptoms of infection. However, the addition of the fungus culture filtrate to the culture media produced results, which might indicate that, in addition to the mycotoxin, many other unknown elements that can affect the plant growth and behavior could be found in the fungus culture filtrate. Therefore, the application of the toxin to the excised and wounded leaves seems to be the most reliable method to analyze sensitivity to Alternaria of ‘Fortune’ explants cultured in vitro.

scholarly journals Spent Substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus Has Potential for Managing Fusarium Wilt of Banana

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 946
Author(s):  
Walter Ocimati ◽  
Evans Were ◽  
Anthony Fredrick Tazuba ◽  
Miguel Dita ◽  
Si-Jun Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Current Increase ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
Fusarium Wilt Of Banana ◽  
The Impact

A range of basidiomycetes including the edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Po) can suppress plant pathogens such as Fusarium spp. With the current increase in production and consumption of Po in Uganda, the spent Po substrate (SPoS) could be an alternative to manage Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB), caused by the soil borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, race 1 (Foc). This study determined the potential of SPoS to inhibit Foc in vitro and in potted plants. In vitro studies confirmed suppression of Foc in pure co-culture (Po vs. Foc) assays and media amended with different concentrations (0% to 50% w/v) of un-sterilized SPoS filtrates. Foc growth in the sterile SPoS filtrate was comparable to the water control, suggesting possible roles of biotic or thermolabile components of the SPoS. To further verify the suppressive effects of SPoS, pot experiments were carried out with a resistant (‘Mbwazirume’, AAA) and susceptible (‘Sukali Ndizi’, AAB) banana cultivar using both artificially and naturally infested soils. Independent of the inoculation method, SPoS significantly reduced the severity of FWB in pot experiments. Susceptible cultivar ‘Sukali Ndizi’ growing in substrates amended with SPoS showed lower (1.25) corm damage (Scale 0–5) than the un-amended control (3.75). No corm damage was observed in uninoculated controls. The resistant cultivar ‘Mbwazirume’, showed slight (0.25) corm damage only in the Foc-inoculated plants without SPoS. These findings suggest that SPoS could be used as part of the management practices to reduce the impact of FWB.

scholarly journals Fusarium Wilt of Banana Is Caused by Several Pathogens Referred to as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 653-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy C. Ploetz
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Panama Disease ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Fusarium Wilt Of Banana ◽  
Race 4 ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Fusarium wilt of banana (also known as Panama disease) is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. Where susceptible cultivars are grown, management is limited to the use of pathogen-free planting stock and clean soils. Resistant genotypes exist for some applications, but resistance is still needed in other situations. Progress has been made with this recalcitrant crop by traditional and nontraditional improvement programs. The disease was first reported in Australia in 1876, but did the greatest damage in export plantations in the western tropics before 1960. A new variant, tropical race 4, threatens the trades that are now based on Cavendish cultivars, and other locally important types such as the plantains. Phylogenetic studies indicate that F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense had several independent evolutionary origins. The significance of these results and the future impact of this disease are discussed.

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