In vitro phytotoxicity of culture filtrates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae in Vanilla planifolia Jacks

2015 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 573-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Ramírez-Mosqueda ◽  
Lourdes Georgina Iglesias-Andreu ◽  
Mauricio Luna-Rodríguez ◽  
Alejandro Antonio Castro-Luna
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia ◽  
Culture Filtrates

scholarly journals KEEFEKTIFAN FORMULA MINYAK CENGKEH DAN SERAI WANGI TERHADAP Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vanillae PENYEBAB BUSUK BATANG VANILI

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
MESAK TOMBE ◽  
DARMAWAN PANGERAN ◽  
TRI SAPTARI HARYANI
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Soil Microorganism ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia ◽  
Green House ◽  
Microorganism Population

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Busuk batang vanili (BBV) yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium<br />oxysporum f.sp. vanillae (Fov) merupakan patogen penting pada vanili dan<br />menyebabkan kerugian besar setiap tahunnya di Indonesia. Jumlah<br />kerugian diperkirakan sebesar 3.000 ton atau sekitar US$ 16 juta.<br />Penelitian dilaksanakan di laboratorium dan rumah kaca Kelti Hama dan<br />Penyakit, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Bogor pada bulan<br />Februari 2010 sampai Agustus 2010. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk<br />mengetahui pengaruh formula dengan bahan aktif minyak cengkeh dan<br />serai wangi terhadap penyakit BBV dan dampaknya terhadap kehidupan<br />mikroorganisme tanah. Dalam pelaksanaannya, kegiatan penelitian dilaku-<br />kan dalam 3 tahap yaitu : (1) uji formula in vitro, (2) uji formula in vivo,<br />dan (3) uji dampak formula terhadap mikroorganisme tanah. Percobaan<br />tahap 1, 2, dan 3 masing-masing terdiri atas 10, 6, dan 6 perlakuan,<br />dan.masing-masing disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan<br />3 ulangan. Materi yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) formula<br />dengan bahan aktif minyak cengkeh (formula standar), (2) formula dengan<br />bahan aktif minyak cengkeh dan serai wangi (formula baru), dan (3)<br />fungisida sintetis berbahan aktif mankozeb sebagai pembanding. Hasil uji<br />in vitro menunjukkan bahwa fungisida nabati CS (minyak cengkeh + serai<br />wangi) pada ke 3 tingkatan konsentrasi (terutama konsentrasi 400 ppm)<br />memperlihatkan efektivitas yang tinggi dalam menghambat pertumbuhan<br />miselium dan produksi spora patogen Fov.F117 dibandingkan perlakuan<br />lain dan kontrol. Hasil uji in vivo menunjukkan hal yang sama bahwa<br />fungisida nabati CS memperlihatkan efektivitas yang tinggi dalam<br />menekan intensitas serangan patogen BBV, terutama pada dosis aplikasi 5<br />ml/l. Dampak perlakuan terhadap kehidupan mikroorganisme tanah (fungi<br />dan bakteri) memperlihatkan bahwa penggunaan fungisida sintetis<br />mankozeb menghambat kehidupan mikroorganisme tanah 90-100% jika<br />dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Populasi mikroorganisme tanah pada semua<br />perlakuan fungisida nabati lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan fungisida<br />mankozeb. Populasi mikroorganisme pada aplikasi fungisida nabati pada<br />dosis 5 ml/l tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol. Penelitian ini<br />menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan fungisida nabati minyak cengkeh<br />terutama jika dikombinasikan dengan minyak serai wangi mempunyai<br />prospek untuk digunakan dalam pengendalian penyakit BBV dengan<br />interval aplikasi 3-4 minggu sekali.<br />Kata kunci : Vanilla planifolia, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp, vanillae, busuk<br />batang vanili, minyak cengkeh, minyak serai wangi</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Vanilla stem rot (VSR) disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.<br />vanillae (Fov) is an important disease on vanilla and causes severe loss<br />annually in Indonesia. The total annual loss in production due to the VSR<br />was estimated to be 3,000 ton or about US$ 16 million. This research was<br />carried out in the laboratory and green house of Pest and Disease of<br />Research Institute for Spices and Medicinal Crops, Bogor from February<br />2010 until August 2010. The objective of this research was to study the<br />effect of formula using active compounds of clove and citronella oils on<br />the VSR disease and its impact on the survival of soil microorganisms.<br />The research activities were conducted in three stages, namely (1) in vitro<br />formula test; (2) in vivo formula test, and (3) impact test of formula on the<br />soil microorganisms. Materials studied in this research were (1) formula<br />with active compound of clove oil (standard), (2) formula with active<br />compound of clove and citronella oils (new formula), and (3) synthetic<br />fungicide with mancozeb active ingredient as comparison. Every phase of<br />this 3 stage experiment was arranged using completely randomized design<br />with three replicates. First, second, and third phases of the experiment<br />consisted of 10, 6, and 6 treatments, respectively. In vitro test results<br />carried out in the laboratory indicated that botanical formula CS (clove and<br />citronella oils of the three concentration levels, especially on the 400 ppm)<br />showed high effectiveness on inhibiting mycelium growth and spore<br />production of Fov.F117 pathogen compared to other treatments and<br />control. In vivo test in the green house indicated the same result that<br />botanical fungicide CS (clove dan citronella oils) showed high<br />effectiveness in suppressing VSR disease infection intensity, especially on<br />5 ml/l dosage. Application of mancozeb synthetic fungicide inhibited 90 –<br />100% soil microorganism livelihood compared to control. However, the<br />soil microorganism population on all botanical fungicides was higher than<br />on mancozeb fungicide. The microorganism population on the botanical<br />fungicide of 5 ml/l dosage was not significantly different from the control<br />(natural soil with no treatment). This research indicates that aplication of<br />botanical fungicide (combination between clove and citronella oils) with<br />3 - 4 weeks interval is prospectous to control VSR disease.<br />Key words : Vanilla planifolia, Fusarium oxysporum, f.sp. vanillae,<br />vanilla stem rot, clove oil, citronella oil</p>

In vitro antagonism of endophytic Fusarium oxysporum isolates against the burrowing nematode Radopholus similis

Nematology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjoern Niere ◽  
Shahasi Athman ◽  
Altus Viljoen ◽  
Clifford Gold ◽  
Thomas Dubois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Radopholus Similis ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Burrowing Nematode ◽  
Nematode Mortality

AbstractRadopholus similis is one of the key pests of banana worldwide. In this study, nine endophytic Fusarium oxysporum isolates were screened for the production of secondary metabolites antagonistic to R. similis in culture. Undiluted and diluted culture filtrates were tested against motile stages and eggs of R. similis. All isolates tested demonstrated in vitro antagonistic activity, causing paralysis of R. similis motile stages. The percentage of paralysed nematodes increased with increase in the length of exposure time to culture filtrates. After 24 h exposure in culture filtrates up to 100% of the treated nematodes were paralysed compared to 26.5% in the control treatments. Nematode mortality rates after 24 h exposure in culture filtrates ranged from 76.4% to 100%. Paralysis was reversible at lower filtrate concentrations. Radopholus similis males were more sensitive to culture filtrates than females. Culture filtrates of all isolates demonstrated inhibitory effects on hatching of R. similis eggs. The results demonstrate the potential for using endophytic F. oxysporum as biological control agents against R. similis and for toxic derivatives from their secondary metabolism to be used as potential nematicides.

scholarly journals PENEKANAN PERKEMBANGAN PENYAKIT BUSUK BATANG VANILI (FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F.SP. VANILLAE) MELALUI SELEKSI ASAM FUSARAT SECARA IN VITRO

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Endang Nurcahyani ◽  
Issirep Sumardi ◽  
Bambang Hadisutrisno ◽  
E. Suharyanto
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Fusaric Acid ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Important Disease

The most biological constrain on Vanilla planifolia plantation recently was caused by epidemical disease that laterdecrease vanilla production. The most important disease on vanilla is foot rot disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.vanillae. So far, the disease has not been successfully controlled although some experiments had been conducted. Onealternative method has been introduced by using a new cultivar which was resistance to Fusarium). A mutant vanilla to thefungus has been initiated by in vitro selection on medium containing fusaric acid. The aims of this research were: (1) to investigate effective concentration of fusaric acid used for in vitro selection, (2) to characterize mutants which have been set up and also to test those mutants for their resistance to the fungus. The results showed that: (1) fusaric acid at the concentration of 110 ppm effectively suppressed the disease intensity up to 25% compared to the concentration of 90 ppm and 100 ppm. In other words, 110 ppm of fusaric acid has increased the category criterion from moderate to resistant, (2) there was an increase of the total phenol content and thickness of lignin in vanilla stem, and (3) the protein profile of vanilla plantlet was different from the control. There was an initiation of a new band of about 18 kD in a mutant predicted as a protein which is responsible for vanilla resistance to Fusarium.

Bioactivity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. glycines and Sclerotium rolfsii filtrates on egg hatching, survival and infectivity of juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita race 2

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. K. Adekunle ◽  
O. A. Akinsanmi
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Soybean Plants

The effects of culture filtrates of Fusarium oxysporum and Sclerotium rolfsii on egg hatching and juvenile survival of Meloidogyne incognita in vitro and impact of these filtrates on infectivity of M. incognita were investigated on soybean seedlings. Five- and 10-day-old filtrates of F. oxysporum caused 65 and 54% egg-hatching inhibition, while that of S. rolfsii caused 61 and 49% inhibition, respectively. Juveniles of M. incognita died within 6 days when incubated in 5-day-old filtrate of F. oxysporum, while the similar filtrate of S. rolfsii caused 100% juvenile mortality on the fifth day. Filtrates reduced root galling, egg population, number of adult females in soybean plants at harvest and also soil population. Culture filtrates could be used as source of biological nematicides.

scholarly journals IN VITRO SELECTION ON FUSARIC ACID OF Vanilla planifolia PLANTLETS FOR OBTAINING A CULTIVAR, WHICH RESISTANT TO Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 617 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Nurcahyani ◽  
E. Suharyanto ◽  
B. Hadisutrisno ◽  
I. Sumardi
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Fusaric Acid ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
Callus Initiation ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Shoot Tip Explants

<p>The most production constrain on Vanilla planifolia Andrews plantation recently has been caused by foot rot disease that later influence in decreasing the yield product. This disease is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae (Fov). So far, the disease has not been successfully prohibited although some experiments had been conducted. The use of foot rot resistant cultivar has been introduced, which expected has high yield as one alternative method for controlling this disease. A resistant vanilla plantlet to Fov has been initiated by in vitro selection on MS medium containing fusaric acid (FA) on selective concentration. The purpose of research were to study and determine: 1) The proper combination of 2,4-D and NAA for callus initiation and shoot development from shoot tip explants, along with proper concentration of BAP for shoots initiation from nodal explants; 2) The FA concentration of plantlet selection tolerant to steady growth; 3) The proper concentration of FA for in vitro selection for suppressing the Fov. Results showed that: 1) the proper concentration of both combination between 2,4-D and NAA is about 2,0 mg/L and 10 mg/L respectively for callus initiation and shoot development from shoot tip explants; also the BA concentration is 1,0 mg/L for shoot initiation from a nodal explants; 2) the FA tolerant concentration for plantlet selection with vanilla steady growth is between 90 ppm-110 ppm; 3) the 110 ppm of FA was effective for suppressing the Fov compared to 90 ppm and 100 ppm respectively. </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Vanilla planifolia Andrews, the vanilla foot rot disease, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vanillae, in vitro, fusaric acid</p>

scholarly journals Study on usability of Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht.f.sp. tulipae Apt. metabolites for screening for basal rot resistance in tulip

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Podwyszyńska ◽  
Czesław Skrzypczak ◽  
Krzysztof Fatel ◽  
Lech Michalczuk
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Fusaric Acid ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Fungus Culture ◽  
Basal Rot ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

The usefulness of fungus culture filtrates and fusaric acid as selecting agents for <i>Fusarium</i> resistance breeding in tulip was examined on <i>in vitro</i> cultures of shoots and embryonic calli of seven tulip genotypes differing in resistance to <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> Schlecht. f. sp. <i>tulipae</i> Apt. (F.o.t.) and four virulent F.o.t. isolates. Fusaric acid influenced the shoot growth of all cultivars tested in a similar way, irrespectively of their greenhouse resistance to basal rot. Also, the sensitivity of calli of the cultivars studied to fusaric acid did not correspond with their resistance to F.o.t. evaluated in the greenhouse screening. The phytotoxity of F.o.t. culture filtrates did not depend on their fusaric acid contents. There was a negative correlation between cultivar's resistance to F.o.t in greenhouse tests and the sensitivity of their shoots to fungus culture filtrates in <i>in vitro</i> tests. This indicates that defence mechanism against F.o.t. in tulip tissue may have a nature of hypersensitive response. Considering the results of our study, it may be concluded that the use of fusaric acid or fungus culture filtrates for the <i>in vitro</i> selection of somaclones resistant to F.o.t. in tulip is not feasible.

scholarly journals Aislamiento de una bacteria endófita de vainilla (Vanilla planifolia) con actividad biocontroladora in vitro contra Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Vanillae

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Karol Jiménez-Quesada ◽  
Alexander Schmidt-Durán ◽  
Kevin Quesada-Montero ◽  
Ileana Moreira-González
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia

<p class="p1">El género <em>Vanilla </em>pertenece a la familia Orchidaceae. Algunas de sus especies con interés comercial son <em>V. planifolia</em>, <em>V. pompona </em>y <em>V. tahitensis</em>. La clasificación de la calidad de la vainilla se efectúa según el largo de la cápsula y el contenido de vainillina, la cual se utiliza para elaborar alimentos y bebidas, como materia prima en la industria farmacéutica y en la producción de cosméticos y perfumes, entre otros usos. Se considera que el mayor problema que enfrenta la producción de vainilla es la pudrición de la raíz ocasionada por el hongo <em>Fusarium oxyporum </em>f. sp. Vanillae, que provoca entre 30-52% de la muerte de las plantas al atacar las raíces adventicias, impidiéndoles absorber agua y nutrientes. El hongo no puede erradicarse por la acción de agroquímicos ya que dañan la viabilidad de las plantas; además, el cultivo de vainilla sin la aplicación de agroquímicos de manera orgánica en sistemas agroforestales es una actividad que está cobrando gran interés entre los pequeños productores del país. Es por tal razón que en esta investigación se evaluó la capacidad de control de bacterias endófitas aisladas de muestras de vainilla procedentes de Corcovado, Puriscal, Dota y Guápiles, mediante pruebas de antagonismo in vitro entre la bacterias aisladasy el hongo <em>F. oxysporum</em>. El resultado es que la cepa bacteriana B1M11 es una candidata promisoria para responder al ataque del patógeno<em>, </em>lo que se corroboró con la aparición de un halo de inhibición del crecimiento del hongo en placa. </p>

Uji Toksisitas Beberapa Fungisida Nabati terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum) pada Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) secara In Vitro (Toxicity Test of several Biofungicides in controlling Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) in Potato Plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) by In Vitro)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Ghea Dotulong ◽  
Stella Umboh ◽  
Johanis Pelealu
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Colony Diameter ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity Test

Uji Toksisitas Beberapa Fungisida Nabati terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum) pada Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) secara In Vitro (Toxicity Test of several Biofungicides in controlling Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) in Potato Plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) by In Vitro) Ghea Dotulong1*), Stella Umboh1), Johanis Pelealu1), 1) Program Studi Biologi, FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado 95115*Email korespondensi: [email protected] Diterima 9 Juli 2019, diterima untuk dipublikasi 10 Agustus 2019 Abstrak Tanaman kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) adalah salah satu tanaman hortikultura yang sering mengalami penurunan dari segi produksi dan produktivitasnya, akibat adanya serangan penyakit layu yang salah satunya disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi toksisitas beberapa fungisida nabati dalam mengendalikan penyakit Layu Fusarium (F. oxysporum) pada tanaman kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) secara In Vitro. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode umpan beracun. Data dianalisis dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan Analisis Varian (ANAVA) yang dilanjutkan dengan menggunakan metode BNT (Beda Nyata Terkecil). Hasil Penelitian, diperoleh nilai toksisitas fungisida nabati tertinggi yaitu pada ekstrak daun sirsak dengan nilai HR (69,44%), kategori berpengaruh, ditandai dengan diameter koloni 2,75 cm (100ppm) dan yang terendah toksisitasnya yaitu pada ekstrak daun jeruk purut dengan nilai HR (49,81%), kategori cukup berpengaruh ditandai dengan diameter koloni 3,75 cm (25ppm). Semakin tinggi konsentrasi yang diujikan maka semakin tinggi toksisitas dari fungisida nabati yang diberikan.Kata Kunci: fungisida nabati, Fusarium oxysporum, tanaman kentang, In Vitro Abstract Potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the horticulture plants which often decreases in terms of production and productivity, due to the attack of wilt, one of which is caused by Fusarium oxysporum. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxicity of several biofungicides in controlling Fusarium wilt (F. oxysporum) in potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Vitro. The research method used was the In Vitro method with the poison bait method. Data were analyzed by Completely Randomized Design with Variant Analysis (ANAVA), followed by the BNT method. The results showed that the highest biofungicide toxicity value was soursop leaf extract with HR values (69.44%), influential categories, characterized by colony diameter 2.75 cm (100ppm) and the lowest toxicity, namely in kaffir lime leaf extract with a value of HR (49.81%), quite influential category was characterized by colony diameter of 3.75 cm (25ppm). The higher the concentration tested, the higher the toxicity of the biofungicide given.Keywords: biofungicides, Fusarium oxysporum, Potato Plants, In Vitro.

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