Effect of Bacillus subtilis on phosphorus uptake by cucumber as affected by iron oxides and the solubility of the phosphorus source

In this work, we examined the effects of Bacillus subtilis strain QST713 by assessing plant P uptake from variably P compound .The experiment performed involved three factors: (i) P source [KH2PO4 at 100 mg kg–1, and phosphate rock (PR) at 100 or 200 mg kg–1]; (ii) plant inoculation with QST713 (inoculated and non-inoculated); and (iii) Fe oxide (ferrihydrite) in the growth medium (0 or 300 mg kg–1 concentration of citrate–ascorbate-extractable Fe). Ferrihydrite decreased dry matter yield in plants by more than 50 %. Inoculation with QST713 increased plant growth, and total accumulation of P and P uptake in plants. Overall, QST713 increased P uptake by 40 %, the effect being independent of the presence of ferrihydrite and P source. The increased P uptake observed can be ascribed to increased solubilization of P and to increased root growth. Therefore, QST713 improves P nutrition in plants grown on media with a high P adsorption capacity irrespective of the solubility of the P compound.

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Gafsa rock phosphate and triple superphosphate for dry matter production and P uptake by corn

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162005000200011 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 159-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Rossini Mattos Corrêa ◽

Clístenes Williams Araújo do Nascimento ◽

Silvana Keely de Sá Souza ◽

Fernando José Freire ◽

Gleibson Barbosa da Silva

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Rock Phosphate ◽

P Uptake ◽

Production Costs ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Triple Superphosphate ◽

Broadcast Application ◽

Matter Production ◽

Plant P Uptake ◽

Corn Plants

Crops in general make poor use of phosphorous fertilizer and, as a result, recommended rates and production costs are very high. Phosphorus can be made more readily available to plants by proper management of phosphate fertilization, selecting both, type of fertilizer and application method. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of the natural Gafsa rock phosphate and the triple superphosphate on dry matter production and P uptake by corn plants cultivated in a greenhouse. Fertilizers were applied localized and broadcast/incorporated on to two soils with contrasting phosphorus capacity factors (PCF). Rock phosphate broadcast application was as efficient as triple superphosphate in increasing corn plant dry matter in the Tropudult, with lower PCF. This effect was not observed on the Haplustox, owing to the lower P solubility due to the higher Ca concentration in this soil. Triple superphosphate rates increased plant P uptake in both soils and for both application forms. Rock phosphate resulted in higher P-content in plants, but only for broadcast application on the Ultisol.

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Water and phosphorus uptake by upland rice root systems unraveled under multiple scenarios: linking a 3D soil-root model and data

10.1101/2020.01.27.921247 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Trung Hieu Mai ◽

Pieterjan De Bauw ◽

Andrea Schnepf ◽

Roel Merckx ◽

Erik Smolders ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Upland Rice ◽

Phosphorus Uptake ◽

Root Systems ◽

Multiscale Model ◽

P Uptake ◽

Water Dynamics ◽

Small Scale ◽

P Availability ◽

P Deficiency ◽

Plant P Uptake

AbstractBackground and aimsUpland rice is often grown where water and phosphorus (P) are limited and these two factors interact on P bioavailability. To better understand this interaction, mechanistic models representing small-scale nutrient gradients and water dynamics in the rhizosphere of full-grown root systems are needed.MethodsRice was grown in large columns using a P-deficient soil at three different P supplies in the topsoil (deficient, suboptimal, non-limiting) in combination with two water regimes (field capacity versus drying periods). Root architectural parameters and P uptake were determined. Using a multiscale model of water and nutrient uptake, in-silico experiments were conducted by mimicking similar P and water treatments. First, 3D root systems were reconstructed by calibrating an architecure model with observed phenological root data, such as nodal root number, lateral types, interbranch distance, root diameters, and root biomass allocation along depth. Secondly, the multiscale model was informed with these 3D root architectures and the actual transpiration rates. Finally, water and P uptake were simulated.Key resultsThe plant P uptake increased over threefold by increasing P and water supply, and drying periods reduced P uptake at high but not at low P supply. Root architecture was significantly affected by the treatments. Without calibration, simulation results adequately predicted P uptake, including the different effects of drying periods on P uptake at different P levels. However, P uptake was underestimated under P deficiency, a process likely related to an underestimated affinity of P uptake transporters in the roots. Both types of laterals (i.e. S- and L-type) are shown to be highly important for both water and P uptake, and the relative contribution of each type depend on both soil P availability and water dynamics. Key drivers in P uptake are growing root tips and the distribution of laterals.ConclusionsThis model-data integration demonstrates how multiple co-occurring single root phene responses to environmental stressors contribute to the development of a more efficient root system. Further model improvements such as the use of Michaelis constants from buffered systems and the inclusion of mycorrhizal infections and exudates are proposed.

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ASSESSMENT OF PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY FROM UNREACTIVE TOGO PHOSPHATE ROCK BY LEGUME AND CEREAL CROPS IN TWO GHANAIAN SOILS

International Journal of Agriculture ◽

10.47604/ija.1050 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Alex Boateng ◽

Prof. Emmanuel Owusu- Bennoah

Keyword(s):

Phosphate Rock ◽

Dry Matter ◽

P Uptake ◽

Phosphorus Availability ◽

Direct Application ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Cereal Crops ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Water Soluble P ◽

Soluble P

Purpose: In recent years, phosphate rock (PR) for direct application has been tested in tropical acid soils as a potential alternative to conventional water-soluble P fertilizers like Single Superphosphate (SSP) and Triple Superphosphate (TSP). However, direct application of PR with low reactivity does not always give satisfactory results. Legume and cereal crops represent a strategy that can be used to solubilize P from some of these unreactive PRs. The objective of this study was to assess the availability of P from unreactive Togo Phosphate Rock (TPR) relative to TSP by six (6) crop species in two Ghanaian soils. Methodology: The study was conducted in the greenhouse of the Crop Science Department, University of Ghana. Three P rates, 0mg, 50mg and 100mg P of TPR and TSP were applied to a kilogram of soil per pot in the two soil series. Randomized Complete Block Design was used to do the analyses. Results/Findings: Application of TSP resulted in higher dry matter and P uptake irrespective of the soil type. Among the legumes, cowpea gave the highest dry matter yield. Fairly, a similar trend was obtained with the application of TPR. Among the cereals, the average P uptake by sorghum from TPR was the highest, followed by maize and millet in the Nzema soil. In the Adenta series, P uptake by maize was the highest, followed by sorghum and millet. Phosphorus (P) uptake by the cereals from TPR was generally better in the Adenta than the Nzema soil. Unique contribution to theories, practice and policy: Results show increasing the rate of TPR to 100mg P/pot resulted in an increase in dry matter yield and P uptake in both soils, but was inferior to 100mg P/pot TSP application. Consequently, the rate of application of TPR should always be high if farmers want the best from their investments. Again, the low relative agronomic effectiveness of TPR for all the crops, proved the low reactivity of the material and its subsequent low performance compared with the water-soluble P. The low reactivity and the high molar mass of PO43-/CO32- of the TPR will always make it difficult for P to be made available from the TPR despite the acidity of the soil, the high density of the crops and the ability of the tested crops to exude organic acids, which facilitate phosphorus availability from TPR, therefore making TPR unsuitable for direct application.

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Low effectiveness of three rock phosphates as phosphorus fertilizers and liming materials on an acid clay-loam

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9871033 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 1033 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

JS Yeates ◽

DG Allen

Keyword(s):

Soil Ph ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Phosphorus Uptake ◽

Subterranean Clover ◽

P Uptake ◽

Clay Loam ◽

Agronomic Effectiveness ◽

Rock Phosphates ◽

Extractable P ◽

Soil Buffering

The effectiveness of three finely ground rock phosphates (PRs) was compared with ordinary superphosphate (OSP) for subterranean clover growth and for increasing soil bicarbonate-extractable P levels over two successive 8-week periods on a very acid clay-loam (pH (0.01 M CaCl2) 4.3) in a glasshouse experiment. All PR sources were poorly effective compared to OSP. Maximum dry matter and P uptake of each PR source was less than that of OSP at each harvest. Relative to surface application, mixing throughout the soil reduced the effectiveness of OSP for dry matter and P uptake, but had little effect on the PR sources. Relative to OSP, the effectiveness of PR sources did not increase at the second harvest. Bicarbonate-extractable P levels for soil-incorporated Island PR plateaued below the highest rate applied. Phosphorus uptake by the herbage at harvests 1 and 2 was not well related to soil bicarbonateextractable P levels at harvest 1, and source dependency was indicated. Soil pH was markedly increased by each of PR sources at application rates within the rates required to reach maximum dry matter and P yield. Increased soil pH at high PR applications is likely to have reduced PR dissolution, and contributed to low agronomic effectiveness. Dry matter yield at both harvests was dependent on P concentration in the tops, regardless of the P source or method of P application. A higher soil buffering capacity for pH, P or Ca than was present in this soil seems necessary for sufficient PR dissolution to achieve the same agronomic effectiveness as OSP.

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Linking root traits to superior phosphorus uptake and utilisation efficiency in three Fabales in the Core Cape Subregion, South Africa

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp17209 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (7) ◽

pp. 760 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dunja MacAlister ◽

A. Muthama Muasya ◽

Samson B. M. Chimphango

Keyword(s):

Root Length ◽

Phosphorus Uptake ◽

Specific Root Length ◽

Root Traits ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

P Uptake ◽

N Availability ◽

P Acquisition ◽

Plant P Uptake ◽

Polygala Myrtifolia

In the low-P soil of the fynbos biome, plants have evolved several morphological and physiological P acquisition and use mechanisms, leading to variable uptake and use efficiencies. We expected that plants grown in low-P soils would exhibit greater P acquisition traits and hypothesised that Aspalathus linearis (Burm. f.) R. Dahlgren, a cluster-root-forming species adapted to drier and infertile soils, would be the most efficient at P acquisition compared with other species. Three fynbos Fabales species were studied: A. linearis and Podalyria calyptrata (Retz.) Willd, both legumes, and Polygala myrtifolia L., a nonlegume. A potted experiment was conducted where the species were grown in two soil types with high P (41.18 mg kg–1) and low P (9.79 mg kg–1). At harvest, biomass accumulation, foliar nutrients and P acquisition mechanisms were assessed. Polygala myrtifolia developed a root system with greater specific root length, root hair width and an average root diameter that exuded a greater amount of citrate and, contrary to the hypothesis, exhibited greater whole-plant P uptake efficiency. However, P. calyptrata had higher P use efficiency, influenced by N availability through N2 fixation. Specific root length, root length and root : shoot ratio were promising morphological traits for efficient foraging of P, whereas acid phosphatase exudation was the best physiological trait for solubilisation of P.

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INCREASED YIELDS AND PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE BY WESTAR CANOLA (Brassica napus L.) INOCULATED WITH A PHOSPHATE-SOLUBILIZING ISOLATE OF Penicillium bilaji

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss89-042 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 425-432 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

R. M. N. KUCEY ◽

M. E. LEGGETT

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Rock Phosphate ◽

P Uptake ◽

Fertilizer Efficiency ◽

Monoammonium Phosphate ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Plant P Uptake ◽

Phosphate Solubilizing ◽

Penicillium Bilaji

Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of inoculation with a phosphate-solubilizing isolate of Penicillium bilaji on the yield and phosphate uptake by canola (Brassica napus L.). Under greenhouse conditions, P. bilaji inoculation did not affect canola pod or straw dry matter production, but did increase straw and pod P concentrations resulting from increased P uptake over uninoculated treatments. Addition of P at 20 mg kg−1 soil as Florida rock phosphate plus inoculation with P. bilaji resulted in P uptake by canola nearly equivalent to that resulting from the addition of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) alone at the same rate of P. Addition of Florida rock phosphate alone had much less effect on plant P uptake. Addition of P. bilaji generally increased dry matter yields and P uptake by canola in two field sites. Penicillium bilaji appears to be able to increase the uptake of P from sources unavailable for plant uptake; P uptake by control plants inoculated with P. bilaji absorbed as much P as that absorbed by uninoculated plants receiving MAP. Key words: Penicillium bilaji, Brassica napus, fertilizer efficiency, rock phosphate, monoammonium phosphate

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Kinetics of phosphorus uptake and root morphology of local and improved varieties of maize

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162004000100012 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 69-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Cynthia Torres de Toledo Machado ◽

Ângela Maria Cangiani Furlani

Keyword(s):

Kinetic Parameters ◽

Root Length ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Phosphorus Uptake ◽

Efficiency Index ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

P Uptake ◽

P Efficiency ◽

Maize Varieties

Interspecific and intraspecific differences in the efficiency of utilization of soil phosphorus (P) are explained, in part, by plant morphological and physiological variations, which characterize the plant for nutrient acquisition. As part of a study on maize genotypes characterization for P-uptake and use efficiency, kinetic parameters of P uptake and root morphological characters were evaluated for six local and improved maize varieties, grown in nutrient solution. The kinetic parameters related to P influx were: maximal transport rate (Vmax), the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km), and the external concentration when net uptake is zero (Cmin). Measured root morphological characters were: root length, radius, and surface area. Shoot and root dry matter yield and the P content in these parts were also determined. Diferences among varieties were observed in the kinetic parameters Vmax and Km, root length and in root/shoot dry matter ratio. Lower Km values were better indicatives of P uptake ability of the varietes and were significantly correlated to higher dry matter production and P-efficiency index.

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RATE OF P UPTAKE BY ONIONS COMPARED WITH RATE OF PYROPHOSPHATE HYDROLYSIS IN ORGANIC SOILS

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps85-142 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 1091-1095 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

L. E. PARENT ◽

A. F. MACKENZIE ◽

Y. PERRON

Keyword(s):

Half Life ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Phosphorus Uptake ◽

P Uptake ◽

Organic Soils ◽

Matter Production ◽

Allium Cepa L ◽

Pyrophosphatase Activity ◽

Pyrophosphate Hydrolysis ◽

Humic Soil

The rate of phosphorus uptake by onions was compared to the rate of pyrophosphate hydrolysis in mesic (MSM) and humic soil materials (HSM). Dry matter production and P uptake were very small from seeding to leek stage but increased considerably toward bulb maturity. Pyrophosphate half-life was 2 days in the HSM and 4 wk in the MSM, since addition of Ca(OH)2 markedly decreased pyrophosphatase activity and amounts of non-retained pyrophosphate in the MSM. By the time of high P demand by the crop, pyrophosphate was completely hydrolyzed in the HSM and most of it was already hydrolyzed in the MSM. These results suggest comparable availability of orthophosphate and pyrophosphate for onions grown in organic soils.Key words: Allium cepa L., onion growth, polyphosphates, Histosol, pyrophosphatase activity

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