scholarly journals Freezing and low temperature photoinhibition tolerance in cultivated potato and potato hybrids

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. SEPPÄNEN ◽  
O. NISSINEN ◽  
S. PERÄLÄ
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
Ion Leakage ◽  
Frost Injury

Four Solanum tuberosum L. cultivars (Nicola, Pito, Puikula, Timo) and somatic hybrids between freezing tolerant S. commersonii and freezing sensitive S. tuberosum were evaluated for their tolerance to freezing and low temperature photoinhibition. Cellular freezing tolerance was studied using ion leakage tests and the sensitivity of the photosynthetic apparatus to freezing and high light intensity stress by measuring changes in chlorophyll fluorescence (FV/FM) and oxygen evolution. Exposure to high light intensities after freezing stress increased frost injury significantly in all genotypes studied. Compared with S. tuberosum cultivars, the hybrids were more tolerant both of freezing and intense light stresses. In field experiments the mechanism of frost injury varied according to the severity of night frosts. During night frosts in 1999, the temperature inside the potato canopy was significantly higher than at ground level, and did not fall below the lethal temperature for potato cultivars (from -2.5 to -3.0°C). As a result, frost injury developed slowly, indicating that damage occurred to the photosynthetic apparatus. However, as the temperature at ground level and inside the canopy fell below -4°C, cellular freezing occurred and the canopy was rapidly destroyed. This suggests that in the field visual frost damage can follow from freezing or non-freezing temperatures accompanied with high light intensity. Therefore, in an attempt to improve low temperature tolerance in potato, it is important to increase tolerance to both freezing and chilling stresses.

Environmental Influence on the Tolerance of Corn to Atrazine

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lafayette Thompson ◽  
F. W. Slife ◽  
H. S. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Peptide Conjugates ◽  
Before And After

Corn(Zea maysL.) in the two to three-leaf stage grown 18 to 21 days in a growth chamber under cold, wet conditions was injured by postemergence application of 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (atrazine) plus emulsifiable phytobland oil. Injury was most severe when these plants were kept under cold, wet conditions for 48 hr after the herbicidal spray was applied, followed by exposure to high light intensity and high temperature. Under these growth chamber conditions, approximately 50% of the atrazine-treated plants died. Since wet foliage before and after application increased foliar penetration and low temperature decreased the rate of detoxication to peptide conjugates, atrazine accumulated under cold, wet conditions. This accumulation of foliarly-absorbed atrazine and the “weakened” conditions of the plants grown under the stress conditions is believed to be responsible for the injury to corn. Hydroxylation and the dihydroxybenzoxazin-3-one content in the roots were reduced at low temperature, but it is unlikely that this contributed to the death of the corn.

High light intensity protects photosynthetic apparatus of pea plants against exposure to lead

2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 387-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Romanowska ◽  
B. Wróblewska ◽  
A. Droƶak ◽  
M. Siedlecka
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light

Effect of Membrane Fluidity on Photoinhibition of Isolated Thylakoids Membranes at Room and Low Temperature

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Velitchkova ◽  
Antoaneta Popova ◽  
Tzvetelina Markova
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Membrane Fluidity ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Thylakoid Membranes ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Time Dependencies

The relationship between thylakoid membrane fluidity and the process of photoinhibition at room and low (4 °C) temperature was investigated. Two different membrane perturbing agents - cholesterol and benzylalcohol were applied to manipulate the fluidity of isolated pea thylakoids. The photochemical activity of photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII), polarographically determined, were measured at high light intensity for different time of illumination at both temperatures. The exposure of cholesterol- and benzylalcohol-treated thylakoid membranes to high light intensities resulted in inhibition of both studied photochemical activities, being more pronounced for PSII compared to PSI. Time dependencies of inhibition of PSI and PSII electron transport rates for untreated and membranes with altered fluidity were determined at 20 °C and 4 °C. The effect is more pronounced for PSII activity during low-temperature photoinhibition. The data are discussed in terms of the determining role of physico-chemical properties of thylakoid membranes for the response of photosynthetic apparatus to light stress.

Defect Saturation in a-SiGe:H(F) Alloys

1992 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.W. Wang ◽  
P.A. Morin ◽  
V. Chu ◽  
S. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Carrier Concentration ◽  
Thermal Annealing ◽  
Defect Density ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
The Other ◽  
Induced Defects

ABSTRACTIt is a question as yet unresolved whether the density of light-induced defects in a-Si:H reaches a saturated value that cannot fundamentally be exceeded, or whether the defect density is in all conditions a steady-state value that reflects carrier concentration and temperature. In our experiments on a-Si:H we have observed defect saturation at low temperature and high light intensity; on the other hand, data exhibiting no saturation have also been published. To learn more about this question we have carried out saturation experiments on a-SiGe:H(F) alloys. These alloys have lower defect freeze-in temperatures than a-Si:H and, presumably, lower annealing energies. Therefore, saturation should be more difficult to achieve in the alloys than in a-Si:H.We have studied saturation for a-SiGe:H(F) samples to temperatures above the onset of thermal annealing and have observed that its behavior is similar to that seen in a-Si:H.

High light intensity aggravates latent manganese deficiency in maize

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (19) ◽  
pp. 6116-6127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizhi Long ◽  
Pai R Pedas ◽  
Rebekka K Kristensen ◽  
Waltraud X Schulze ◽  
Søren Husted ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
High Light ◽  
Oxygen Evolving Complex ◽  
Mn Deficiency ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Manganese (Mn) plays an important role in the oxygen-evolving complex, where energy from light absorption is used for water splitting. Although changes in light intensity and Mn status can interfere with the functionality of the photosynthetic apparatus, the interaction between these two factors and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, maize seedlings were grown hydroponically and exposed to two different light intensities under Mn-sufficient or -deficient conditions. No visual Mn deficiency symptoms appeared even though the foliar Mn concentration in the Mn-deficient treatments was reduced to 2 µg g–1. However, the maximum quantum yield efficiency of PSII and the net photosynthetic rate declined significantly, indicating latent Mn deficiency. The reduction in photosynthetic performance by Mn depletion was further aggravated when plants were exposed to high light intensity. Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses showed that a considerable number of genes encoding proteins in the photosynthetic apparatus were only suppressed by a combination of Mn deficiency and high light, thus indicating interactions between changes in Mn nutritional status and light intensity. We conclude that high light intensity aggravates latent Mn deficiency in maize by interfering with the abundance of PSII proteins.

scholarly journals Interaction of vernalization, photoperiod and light intensity in floral initiation of endive.

1959 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
J.F. Harrington ◽  
K. Verkerk ◽  
J. Doorenbos
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Short Days ◽  
Limited Period

Vernalization of germinating endive seed or of young endive plants hastened floral initiation, but at the expense of vegetative growth. High temperatures after vernalization promoted bolting. Long days hastened bolting in both vernalized and non-vernalized plants, again at the expense of vegetative growth. A limited period of short days immediately after sowing also promoted flowering, and it is suggested that such short-day treatment may act as a partial substitute for low temperature. High light intensity had a supplementary effect in promoting bolting but, in contrast to vernalization and long days, caused more rapid vegetative growth than low light intensity.-Lab. TuinbPl., Wageningen. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Differential Changes in the Photosynthetic Pigments and Polyamine Content during Photoadaptation and Photoinhibition in the Unicellular Green Alga Scenedesmus obliquus

1998 ◽  
Vol 53 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 833-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiriakos Kotzabasis ◽  
Dieter Dörnem
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Scenedesmus Obliquus ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Unicellular Green Alga ◽  
Polyamine Level

In the unicellular green alga Scenedesmus obliquus the level of photoinhibition and the recovery of the cells after reversal to the initial light conditions in relation to the pre-photoadaptation of the culture to low, medium and high light intensity was determined. The changes in the photosynthetic pigment content and in the intracellular polyamine concentration allowed to distinguish between photoadaptation and photoinhibition. In particular, the level of chlorophylls, xanthophylls and carotenoids decreased inversely proportional to the light intensity applied during photoadaptation, whereas their concentrations remained constant during photoinhibition. The violaxanthin/zeaxanthin and the loroxanthin/lutein cycle work only under photoinhibitory conditions, but not under photoadaptive premises. Changes in the level of these carotenoids in relation to the changes in the photosynthetic apparatus during photoadaptation are discussed. In addition, it was found that the intracellular polyamine level increased only under stress conditions, i. e. during photoinhibition, and decreased during recovery of the cells after reversal to the initial light conditions. The increase of the putrescine level during photoinhibition is inversely proportional to the light intensity used for pre-adaptation. This rise of the polyamine level in the cells photoadapted to high light conditions is an additional indication for the finding that photoadaptation and photoinhibition are different phenomena which are clearly distinguishable from each other. Finally, the changes of the chlorophyll, violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, loroxanthin, lutein and polyamine levels under photoadaptation in high light intensity (50 W m -2) in relation to the range of photoadaptation in Scenedesmus obliquus are discussed.

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