scholarly journals Seasonal and circadian changes in activity rates of adult farm blue foxes

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannu Korhonen ◽  
Paavo Niemelä
Keyword(s):  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Alopex Lagopus ◽  
Circadian Changes ◽  
Video Recordings

The present paper reports systematic activity rates obtained from year-round video recordings of farmbred blue foxes (Alopex lagopus) housed singly in conventional wire-mesh cages (107 cm wide x 110 long x 70 cm high). Subjects were 9 males and 13 females. Mean whole-year activity rates were slightly higher in males (394 ± 116 min/24 h; mean ± SD) than females (349 ± 111 min/24 h). Significant (P

Physiological and behavioural responses in blue foxes (Alopex lagopus ) : comparisons between space quantity and floor material

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Korhonen ◽  
L. Jauhiainen ◽  
P. Niemelä ◽  
M. Harri ◽  
R. Sauna-aho
Keyword(s):  
Test Group ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Creatine Kinase Activity ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Alopex Lagopus ◽  
Acth Stimulation ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Cage Size ◽  
Floor Material

AbstractWelfare-related physiological and behavioural responses were studied in farmbred blue foxes (Alopex lagopus). Comparisons in space quantity were made between two different-sized shed cages (50 cm long (W50) and 120 cm long (W120); each 105 cm wide ✕ 70 cm high) and for one out-of-shed pen (5 m long ✕ 3 m wide ✕ 1·8 m high; W500). Each option had a wire-mesh floor. Furthermore, we tested how floor material affects responses by comparing the W500 foxes in wire-mesh floor pens with foxes housed in earthen floor pens (E500: 5 m long ✕ 3 m wide ✕ 1·8 m high). Each test group comprised 20 juvenile males maintained in pairs. The experiments lasted from weaning in July to pelting in December. Final body weights of the W500 foxes were significantly lower than those of the W50 or W120 foxes. Claw length of back foot was longer for E500 than for W500 foxes. Posture of front feet was the most folded for W50 and the least folded for E500 foxes. Breaking strength of tibia was highest for foxes housed on the earthen floor (E500). Gastrocnemius muscle succinate dehydrogenase activity tended to decrease and the number of leucocytes tended to increase with cage size. Alanine-aminotransferase and aspartate-amino transferase activities were significantly higher in foxes housed in shed cages (W50, W120) than in enclosures (W500, E500). Creatine-kinase activity tended to decline with increasing cage size. Highest and lowest open field activity was found for E500 and W50 foxes in both wire-mesh and earthen floor test arenas. Some differences were found in body weight-related organ sizes between groups. Heart weight was significantly higher in W500 than in W50 or W120 foxes. Brain weight was significantly lower in W50 than in W500 foxes. Liver weight increased with increasing cage size. Capture time was significantly lower for W50 and W120 foxes than for W500 or E500 foxes. Cortisol levels after capture were significantly higher in foxes from enclosures (W500, E500) than in those from shed cages (W50, W120), but after ACTH stimulation the levels were similar in each group. Rectal temperatures after restraint were highest in foxes from W500. Fur properties of W500 and E500 foxes were poorer than those of W50 or W120 foxes.

scholarly journals Effect of enlarged cage space and access to earthen floor on locomotor and digging activity of blue foxes

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.T. KORHONEN ◽  
L. JAUHIAINEN ◽  
P. NIEMELÄ
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Rebound Effect ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Alopex Lagopus ◽  
Large Cage ◽  
Housing Option ◽  
Set Up

The experiment was carried out in order to clarify rebound effect of different-sized wire-mesh cages and access to an earthen floor on activity, floor preference and digging motivation in adult male blue foxes (Alopex lagopus) . The experimental set-up employed a construction in which the solitary animal spent the first 2 weeks in a small, raised wire-mesh floored cage (80 cm long x 105 cm wide x 70 cm high). Thereafter, cage length was enlarged from 80 to 120 cm for a further 2 weeks and then to 240 cm. Finally, the fox also had free access to an earthen floor cage at ground level (80 cm long x 105 cm wide x 70 cm high). The behaviour of each experimental animal was video-recorded for 240 hours in each housing option. The results showed that the amount of locomotor activity did not significantly increase despite enlarged cage space and access to the earthen floor. Seventy five % of activity bouts were no longer than 6 minutes. The shortest bouts were observed in large cage with access to an earthen floor. Foxes significantly preferred a raised wire-mesh floor to an earthen floor at ground level. Provision of an earthen floor did not motivate foxes to dig.;

Effect of space and floor material on the behaviour of farmed blue foxes

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Korhonen ◽  
P. Niemelä ◽  
L. Jauhiainen
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Alopex Lagopus ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Cage Size ◽  
Floor Material ◽  
Periodic Changes

Effects of space and floor material on the behaviour of blue foxes were evaluated in the following groups: (1) small wire-mesh cages (50 cm long × 105 wide cm × 70 cm high; W50); (2) medium wire-mesh cages (120 cm long × 105 cm wide × 70 cm high; W120); (3) wire-mesh floored pens (5 m long × 3m wide × 1.8 m high:W500); and (4) earthen floored pens (5 m long × 3 m wide × 1.8 m high; E500). Activity and locomotion were lowest in W50 foxes and tended to increase with increasing cage size. Floor material had only a slight effect on activity and stereotypies. Locomotion was higher in E500 than in W500 foxes. Locomotor stereotypy increased with increasing cage size, and was higher in W500 than in E500 foxes. Significant periodic changes were found in several behavioural variables. Activity was concentrated most and least frequently between 8 and 16 h and 0 and 8 h, respectively. The same tendency was found for sitting, standing, locomotion and activity. Digging was noted only in E500 foxes, averaging 15 min/24 h, and being most common between 16 and 24 h. Key words: Alopex lagopus, cage size, floor type, housing conditions, ethogram

scholarly journals Comparison between the use of open and walled platforms by juvenile blue foxes (Alopex lagopus)

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannu Korhonen ◽  
Paavo Niemelä
Keyword(s):  
Alopex Lagopus ◽  
Video Recordings

The current European recommendations require that platforms in the cages of farm foxes should have solid sides. The present study aimed to clarify how such a obstructed view affects platform use in farmbred blue foxes (Alopex lagopus). Experimental groups with open (16 males, 14 females) and walled (16 males, 14 females) platforms were compared from weaning to pelting. Both platform types were 110 cm long x 30 cm wide. Walled platforms had 23 cm high walls at the ends and rear, but open ones were without walls. Data were collected by daytime scanning observations and 24-h video recordings. Results for both sexes were parallel, showing that foxes significantly (p

Blue foxes’ (Alopex lagopus) preferences between earth floor and wire mesh floor

2008 ◽  
Vol 111 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 38-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarja Koistinen ◽  
Leena Ahola ◽  
Jaakko Mononen
Keyword(s):  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Alopex Lagopus

Reliability of the Conversational Interaction Coding Form When Applied to Natural Conversation of Individuals With Aphasia

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Pozzolo Coote ◽  
Jane Pimentel
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Interobserver Reliability ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Group Setting ◽  
Conversational Interaction ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Aphasia Therapy ◽  
Natural Conversation ◽  
Point To Point

Purpose: Development of valid and reliable outcome tools to document social approaches to aphasia therapy and to determine best practice is imperative. The aim of this study is to determine whether the Conversational Interaction Coding Form (CICF; Pimentel & Algeo, 2009) can be applied reliably to the natural conversation of individuals with aphasia in a group setting. Method: Eleven graduate students participated in this study. During a 90-minute training session, participants reviewed and practiced coding with the CICF. Then participants independently completed the CICF using video recordings of individuals with non-fluent and fluent aphasia participating in an aphasia group. Interobserver reliability was computed using matrices representative of the point-to-point agreement or disagreement between each participant's coding and the authors' coding for each measure. Interobserver reliability was defined as 80% or better agreement for each measure. Results: On the whole, the CICF was not applied reliably to the natural conversation of individuals with aphasia in a group setting. Conclusion: In an extensive review of the turns that had high disagreement across participants, the poor reliability was attributed to inadequate rules and definitions and inexperienced coders. Further research is needed to improve the reliability of this potentially useful clinical tool.

Continuous Quantitative Monitoring of Mural, Platelet-Dependent, Thrombus Kinetics in the Crushed Rat Femoral Vein

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (04) ◽  
pp. 425-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Stockmans ◽  
H Deckmyn ◽  
J Gruwez ◽  
J Vermylen ◽  
R Acland
Keyword(s):  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Digital Analysis ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Quantitative Monitoring ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Quantitative Nature

SummaryA new in vivo method to study the size and dynamics of a growing mural thrombus was set up in the rat femoral vein. The method uses a standardized crush injury to induce a thrombus, and a newly developed transilluminator combined with digital analysis of video recordings. Thrombi in this model formed rapidly, reaching a maximum size 391 ± 35 sec following injury, after which they degraded with a half-life of 197 ± 31 sec. Histological examination indicated that the thrombi consisted mainly of platelets. The quantitative nature of the transillumination technique was demonstrated by simultaneous measurement of the incorporation of 111In labeled platelets into the thrombus. Thrombus formation, studied at 30 min interval in both femoral veins, showed satisfactory reproducibility overall and within a given animalWith this method we were able to induce a thrombus using a clinically relevant injury and to monitor continuously and reproducibly the kinetics of thrombus formation in a vessel of clinically and surgically relevant size

Effects of Time and Perceptual Orientation on Actors' and Observers' Attributions

1984 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Donald S. Martin ◽  
Ming-Shiunn Huang
Keyword(s):  
Video Recording ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Perceptual Orientation ◽  
Initial Difference ◽  
Variety Show ◽  
And Control ◽  
Unrelated Variety

The actor/observer effect was examined by Storms in a 1973 study which manipulated perceptual orientation using video recordings. Storms' study was complex and some of his results equivocal. The present study attempted to recreate the perceptual reorientation effect using a simplified experimental design and an initial difference between actors and observers which was the reverse of the original effect. Female undergraduates performed a motor co-ordination task as actors while watched by observers. Each person made attributions for the actor's behaviour before and after watching a video recording of the performance. For a control group the video recording was of an unrelated variety show excerpt. Actors' initial attributions were less situational than observers'. Both actors and observers became more situational after the video replay but this effect occurred in both experimental and control groups. It was suggested the passage of time between first and second recording of attributions could account for the findings and care should be taken when interpreting Storms' (1973) study and others which did not adequately control for temporal effects.

Effect of synthetic antioxidant on biochemical indices in blood of arctic fox (Alopex lagopus)

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Saba ◽  
Beata Likos-Grzesiak ◽  
Bożena Nowakowicz-Dębek ◽  
Hanna Bis-Wencel ◽  
Justyna Martyna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Fox ◽  
Alopex Lagopus ◽  
Synthetic Antioxidant ◽  
Biochemical Indices
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