scholarly journals Aktivitas Antibakteri dari Damar Batu (Shorea eximia) asal Indonesia

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noryawati Mulyono ◽  
Bibiana Widiyati Laya ◽  
Siuling Susanti Rusli

Damar batu adalah resin natural, atau lebih tepatnya adalah hasil hutan bukan kayu dari tumbuhan Shorea eximia. Getah ini dihasilkan sebagai metabolit sekunder yang diinduksi oleh malnutrisi dan kekeringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan evaluasi aktivitas antibakteri dalam metabolit sekunder tersebut. Resin dilarutkan dalam heksana, etil asetat, dan etanol secara terpisah selama 24 jam dengan konsentrasi 0,5 g L -1 . Selanjutnya, aktivitas antibakteri diuji terhadap Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Chromobacter violaceum, Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, dan Bacillus cereus. Tiga komponen utama dalam damar batu yang mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri adalah δ-kadinen, valencene, dan spatulenol.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Sifi ◽  
M. Yousfi

L’activité antimicrobienne des huiles essentielles de galles de Pistacia atlantica récoltées dans trois régions (Aïn-Oussara, Laghouat et Kheneg) a été évaluée sur sept souches pathogènes (Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA+, Salmonella typhi et Candida albicans), en utilisant les méthodes de diffusion sur gélose, de microdilution et celle de microatmosphère (seulement pour Candida albicans). Les huiles essentielles ont révélé un effet antimicrobien remarquable contre les micro-organismes testés, avec des valeurs de CMI et de CMB variant de 0,13 à 7,99 μl/ml et de 0,25 à 7,99 μl/ml, respectivement. Une activité importante a été observée pour les échantillons de la station Kheneg contre l’espèce Candida albicans avec une zone d’inhibition de 68 mm (50 μl). Ces résultats suggèrent que les huiles essentielles testées pour leur activité antimicrobienne peuvent être classées comme bactéricides.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
Nunik Tri Rahayu ◽  
Ai Sri Nurhasanah ◽  
Alfi Rumidatul ◽  
Feldha Fadhila ◽  
Yayan Maryana

Pohon Sengon (Falcataria moluccana) memiliki senyawa metabolit sekunder yaitu terpenoid, steroid, flavonoid, fenolik, tanin, saponin yang berfungsi sebagai antibakteri. Antibakteri bersumber dari alam menjadi alternatif untuk pengobatan penyakit infeksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak kulit ranting Sengon dengan pelarut n-heksana dan metanol terhadap Shigella dysentriae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, dan Proteus mirabilis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Kirby Bauer dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 9%, 9,5%, 10%, 10,5% dan 11%. Hasil ekstrak kulit ranting Sengon menunjukkan adanya zona bening dengan konsentrasi efektif yaitu 11% terhadap Shigella dysentriae (4 mm), Escherichia coli (1,7 mm), Salmonella typhi (3,3 mm). Sedangkan ekstrak kulit ranting Sengon dengan pelarut n-heksana terhadap Proteus mirabillis (2,7 mm). Ekstrak kulit ranting Sengon dengan pelarut metanol dan n-heksana memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Shigella dysentriae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, dan Proteus mirabilis. Kata kunci: Antibakteri, Falcataria moluccana, N-heksana, Metanol


Author(s):  
Nguyễn Thị Thủy Tiên ◽  
Lê Thị Thu Hiền ◽  
Trần Thị Lệ Ngân ◽  
Trần Văn Trung ◽  
Nguyễn Thị Thúc ◽  
...  

Streptomyces là những vi sinh vật có khả năng sinh tổng hợp các chất kháng sinh. Nghiên cứu này nhằm sàng lọc và chọn chủng có khả năng kháng khuẩn cao nhất từ 59 chủng Streptomyces có nguồn gốc từ đất đã được cung cấp dựa trên phương pháp cấy vạch vuông góc đối với 5 vi khuẩn gây bệnh chỉ thị, bao gồm Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus và Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mười lăm chủng thể hiện hoạt tính kháng khuẩn ở các mức độ khác nhau, các chủng còn lại không thể hiện khả năng kháng. Chủng có khả năng kháng khuẩn cao nhất là HĐM3.2, kháng 4/5 vi khuẩn chỉ thị đã sử dụng, gồm B. cerius, S. aureus, S. typhi và E. coli với kích thước vùng kháng đạt 9,5, 10,5, 16,5 và 14,5 mm. Chủng HĐM3.2 được xác định là chủng Streptomyces sp. dựa trên cây phát sinh loài đã xây dựng của trình tự gene 16S rRNA. Điều kiện nuôi cấy để chủng HĐM3.2 thể hiện hoạt tính kháng khuẩn cao nhất đã được khảo sát dựa trên phương pháp khuếch tán qua giếng thạch. Môi trường International Streptomyces Project 2 có pH 8, nhiệt độ nuôi cấy 28oC là điều kiện thích hợp để chủng Streptomyces sp. HĐM3.2 tạo ra vùng ức chế các loại vi khuẩn B. cereus, E. coli, S. typhi, S. aureus cao nhất. ABSTRACT Streptomyces is the microorganism that has capable of producing antibiotics. The current study aimed to screen and to select a strain that had the highest antibacterial activity from 59 available soil-derived Streptomyces strains based on the perpendicular culture method on 5 indicator pathogenic bacteria, including Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus và Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fourteen strains exhibited their antibacterial activity at various levels, the remaining did not have that activity. The strain that had the highest antibacterial ability was HĐM3.2 against 4/5 indicator microorganisms, including B. cerius, S. aureus, S. typhi and E. coli with inhibitory areas were 9.5, 10.5, 16.5, and 14.5 mm respectively. Strain HĐM3.2 was identified as strain Streptomyces sp. based on a phylogenetic tree built on the 16S rRNA gene sequences. Suitable conditions that made the strain HĐM3.2 showed the highest antibacterial activity were investigated based on agar well diffusion assay. The medium of International Streptomyces Project 2 with pH 8, the ambient temperature at 28oC were suitable conditions for Streptomyces sp. HĐM3.2 produced the highest inhibitory areas against B. cereus, E. coli, S. typhi, S. aureus.  


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Nunik Tri Rahayu ◽  
Ai Sri Nurhasanah ◽  
Alfi Rumidatul ◽  
Feldha Fadhila ◽  
Yayan Maryana

Pendahuluan: Pohon Sengon (Falcataria moluccana) memiliki senyawa metabolit sekunder yaitu terpenoid, steroid, flavonoid, fenolik, tanin, saponin yang berfungsi sebagai antibakteri. Antibakteri bersumber dari alam menjadi alternatif untuk pengobatan penyakit infeksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak kulit ranting Sengon dengan pelarut n-heksana dan metanol terhadap Shigella dysentriae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, dan Proteus mirabilis. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Kirby Bauer dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 9%, 9,5%, 10%, 10,5% dan 11%. Hasil: Hasil ekstrak kulit ranting Sengon menunjukkan adanya zona bening dengan konsentrasi efektif yaitu 11% terhadap Shigella dysentriae (4 mm), Escherichia coli (1,7 mm), Salmonella typhi (3,3 mm). Sedangkan ekstrak kulit ranting Sengon dengan pelarut n-heksana terhadap Proteus mirabillis (2,7 mm). Kesimpulan: Ekstrak kulit ranting Sengon dengan pelarut metanol dan n-heksana memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Shigella dysentriae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, dan Proteus mirabilis.


2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (31) ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Carla Franco Porto Belmont Souza ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Souza da Silva Irineu ◽  
Renan Silva De Souza ◽  
Renato da Silva Teixeira ◽  
Ivina Sanches Pereira ◽  
...  

A resistência microbiana tem se mostrado um problema de proporções mundiais, causando estado de morbidade e mortalidade em diversos pacientes. Em vista disso, tem crescido a busca por métodos alternativos naturais de profilaxia. A investigação clínica sugere que o Extrato de Cranberry está entre as melhores propostas de prevenção natural. O Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) é um fruto que tem crescido comercialmente pelo sabor e propriedades benéficas à saúde. Dentre as formas comercializadas estão: o suco, o chá e as cápsulas contendo o extrato seco. A ação desta planta está relacionada ao tratamento de doenças do trato urinário, por possuir substâncias que inibem a adesão bacteriana ao epitélio do trato urinário, dificultando sua proliferação e reprodução. Dentre todas as infecções relacionadas à assistência a saúde, a Infecção do Trato Urinário é a mais frequentemente associada a procedimentos invasivos. Se não for tratada, pode resultar em complicações como pielonefrite aguda, bacteremia e pionefrose. Portanto, cranberry pode ser uma nova alternativa para o combate das infecções uroepiteliais, por ser um produto natural de preço acessível, e com formas de comercialização diversificada, ao contrário dos antimicrobianos convencionais, que por sua vez são caros e podem acabar causando resistência nos micro-organismos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar in vitro a atividade antimicrobiana do extrato de Cranberry, adquirido em farmácia de manipulação, sobre 8 micro-organismos isolados de infecções urinárias. As cepas utilizadas, adquiridas da coleção da FIOCRUZ, foram: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marscecens, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis e Enterococcus faecium. No estudo, foram utilizados o caldo Mueller Hinton (MH), Extrato de Cranberry e as bactérias patogênicas. O ensaio foi realizado em triplicata, com o uso de um controle de crescimento dos micro-organismos e o experimento para avaliação do crescimento bacteriano na presença do extrato. A turbidez foi medida com o auxílio de um espectrofotômetro, no comprimento de onda de 600 nm, antes e após 24 horas de incubação à 37 ºC. O procedimento forneceu a Densidade Ótica, do qual possibilitou a identificação da inibição microbiana. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o Teste t de Student. O Extrato de Cranberry apresentou atividade antimicrobiana sobre as bactérias Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Serratia marscecens e Enterococcus faecalis (p < 0,05), confirmando seu efeito benéfico em infecções urinárias. No entanto, não teve efeito inibitório significativo sobre Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis e Enterococcus faecium (p > 0,05).


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davood Gheidari ◽  
Morteza Mehrdad ◽  
Saloomeh Maleki ◽  
Samanesadat Hosseini

Abstract With the increase of general knowledge and the advancement of science and technology, antibacterial substances were used more than antibiotics. In our current study, the antibacterial virtues of CFO/BiOI nanocomposite were investigated due to its high importance on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus. MIC, MBC , Disk Diffusion and IC50 tests Cefalotin (CF), Amoxicillin (AMX), Gentamicin (GM), Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (SXT) and Ceftriaxone (CRO) antibiotics in concentration 30W, 10i, 10t , 25h and 30 were used to find the antibacterial properties of the synthesized nanocomposite, respectively. For the synthesis of nanocomposites polyethylene glycol (PEG) and sulfonic acid was used as a solvent. It is noteworthy that the synthesis was performed by heat dissolution method without the presence of surfactant. Also, various techniques such as X-Ray Diffraction(XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), High resolution mapping and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) have been used to determine the properties of produced nanocomposites. SEM test results showed that the formed nanoparticles were globular and their size was limited area of 22 to 34 nm. The results showed CFO / BiOI nanocomposite exhibits strong significant biological activity against Bacillus cereus. The results of MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) and MIC (Minimum Inhibition Concentration) tests for CFO/BiOI nanocomposites on bacteria were examined in the range of 0.12-0.48 mg/ml and 0.06 to 0.24 mg/ml respectively. According to the results, the minimum IC50 value was determined at a concentration of 0.061 mg/ml. On the other hand, the most resisting and susceptible bacteria in this method were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus, respectively. These findings are identical to those of a prior study on CoFe2O4 nanoparticles antibacterial properties. MBC of the nanocomposites, 50 µl from all the tubes that showed no obvious bacterial growth were distributed on BHI agar plates and incubated for 24 h at 37 ◦C. The MBC endpoint is defined as the lowest concentration which killed 98% of the bacterial population.


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Mohammuddunnobi ◽  
Tasnuva Jahan ◽  
Abdullah Al Amin

Background: Diabetic foot is one of the most feared complications of diabetes and is the leading cause of hospitalization in diabetic patients. Limb-threatening diabetic infections are usually polymicrobial involving multiple aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Methodology: The present study was a cross sectional study, conducted in the department of surgery and microbiology at BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, over a period of 9 months during January 2017- September' 2017. The study included a total of 77 adult patients of clinically diagnosed diabetic foot patients presenting to outpatient department and emergency ward. The standard case definition of diabetic foot is 'any pathology occurring in the foot of a patient suffering from diabetes mellitus or as a result of long term complication of diabetes mellitus'. Results: Majority 17(22.1%) patients had Klebsiella pneumonia, 14(18.2%) had Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 11(14.3%) had Staphylococcus aureus, 10(13.0%) had Escherichia coli, 6(7.8%) had Coagulase-negative staphylococci and 8(10.4%) had Providencia spp. In Escherichia coli 100% sensitivity to imipenem, 70% to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, amikacin, piperacillin-tazobactam. In Coagulasenegative Staphylococci 83.3% sensitivity to tetracycline, 66.7% to ceftriaxone. In Proteus mirabilis 100% sensitivity to tetracycline, amikacin, ceftriaxone, imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam. In Enterococcus spp.75.0% sensitivity to tetracycline. In Citrobacter spp. 100% sensitivity to imipenem. Conclusion: Common organism found in diabetic foot ulcer patients were Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Coagulase-negative staphylococci and Providencia spp. In tetracycline, amikacin, ceftriaxone, imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam was 100% sensitive in Proteus mirabilis and only imipenem found in Escherichia coli and Citrobacter spp. Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 10, No. 1: Jan 2019, P 50-55


2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nasiruzzaman Shaikh ◽  
Bassem A. Al-Maythalony ◽  
Mohammed I. M. Wazeer ◽  
Anvarhusein A. Isab

Cadmium and mercury selenocyanate complexes of 2-thiouracil (TU) and 2,4-dithiouracil (DTU) ligands have been synthesized to form complexes of the type [M(SeCN)2(TU)] and [M(SeCN)2(DTU)] (where M is Cd2+or Hg2+) and studied by various spectroscopic techniques such as IR,1H and13C NMR in solution and in the solid state for13C,15N, and113Cd nuclei. Based on IR, and solution and solid-state13C NMR data, stronger cadmium bonding to the thiouracil was observed compared to that of mercury. Anti-bacterial activities of these complexes have been investigated with standard type culture ofEscherichia coli(MTCC 443),Klebsiella pneumoniae(MTCC 109),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(MTCC 1688),Salmonella typhi(MTCC 733) andStaphylococcus aureus(MTCC 737) and show that ligands exhibit more anti-bacterial activities than that of the corresponding Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes.


Author(s):  
Mahamat Ismail ◽  
Veronique Penlap ◽  
Wilfred F. Mbacham ◽  
Sylvain Leroy Sado Kamdem

Aim: This work was carried out in order to reduce the isopropanol contain of a World Health Organization (WHO) basic alcohol based hand rub (ABHR) formulation by substituting part of it with ethanol and essential oils. Study Design: A quasi-experimental design was used, based on WHO basic formulation modification, antimicrobial assessment followed by a panel test and challenge test of the best formulation. Place and Duration of the Study: The study was carried out in different laboratory of the University of Yaoundé 1 during March 2017 to July 2018. Methodology: This study was performed by producing different formulations nested from the WHO basic formulation and testing their antimicrobial capacity on selected strains based on the microbial percentage reduction. Following this, the best formulation was compared to two commercial products trough a panel test and later challenged with selected organism (Staphylococcus aureus SR196, Salmonella Typhi 15SA, Escherichia coli ATTC25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01) inoculated in the product after different storage periods for one year and the antimicrobial stability assessed on the same strain for the same length of conservation. Results: The partial substitution of isopropanol with ethanol and Piper nigrum and Syzygium aromaticum essential oils proved to possess more antimicrobial properties than the original WHO formulation. The best formulation caused a 6 Log cells/ml reduction of the initial population compared to the 4 Log cells/ml of the WHO formulation. The product also proved to maintain its activity for one year and to be able to deactivate possible contaminations by Salmonella Typhi 15SA, Staphylococcus aureus NCTC10652, Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01. Conclusion: The present work is a contribution to the improvement of ABHRs and could permit the reduction of hand hygiene associated infections in industries and health care facilities.


1999 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Silva ◽  
C.E. Braga ◽  
G.M. Costa ◽  
F.C.F. Lobato

Foram examinados 206 "swabs" cervicais e uterinos de éguas de várias raças, de diversas regiões do Estado de Minas Gerais, durante o período de 1986 a 1996. Cerca de 164 "swabs" foram positivos para a presença de microrganismos causadores de endometrites. Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (25,7%) e Escherichia coli (15,1%) foram os principais agentes infecciosos isolados. Outros microrganismos presentes foram: Staphylococcus aureus (9,2%), Streptococcus alfa-hemolítico (9,2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3,9%), Staphylococcus coagulase negativo (6,3%), Bacillus spp. (1,9%), Rhodococcus equi (3,4%) e Proteus mirabilis (1,5%). As provas de susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos revelaram que amicacina e gentamicina (70,2%), ampicilina (59,5%) e cloranfenicol (59,5%) foram os antibióticos de maior ação in vitro contra os microrganismos isolados.


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