Prospective Mapping of Schistosomian Risk by Markovian Modelling and Multi-criteria Analysis in Central Côte d'Ivoire

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Gnahoua Guy Roger Gnazalé ◽  
Adonis Krou Damien Kouamé ◽  
Valère-Carin Jofack Sokeng
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Markov Modeling ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Preventive Control ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Risk Areas

The Bélier region and the autonomous district of Yamoussoukro, is a region of central Côte d'Ivoire that records every year cases of schistosomiasis contamination. Although the figures are low, this area is of interest for epidemiological control. The schistosomiasis infection with schistosoma haematobium or urinary bilharziasis is the most widespread and is important in some areas along the main rivers of the region. The development of maps of areas at risk schistosomiasis by 2027 by Markov modeling using Markov chains observable and by combining layers of sensitivity and vulnerability of 2027 of the infection show a change in the surface risk of contamination from 17% in 2017 to 23% in 2027 of the total area of the region. These areas are mainly located in the departments of Yamoussoukro, Toumodi and Djékanou. 15% of the localities in this region are high-risk areas in 2017 and 23% in 2027. The prediction of risk areas and localities at high risk of contamination by Markov modeling makes any preventive control strategy possible.

scholarly journals High prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium × Schistosoma bovis hybrids in schoolchildren in Côte d'Ivoire

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne K. Angora ◽  
Jean-François Allienne ◽  
Olivier Rey ◽  
Hervé Menan ◽  
André O. Touré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Mitochondrial Cox1 ◽  
Fta Cards ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Sub Saharan

AbstractSchistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease, though it is highly prevalent in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa. While Schistosoma haematobium-bovis hybrids have been reported in West Africa, no data about Schistosoma hybrids in humans are available from Côte d'Ivoire. This study aimed to identify and quantify S. haematobium-bovis hybrids among schoolchildren in four localities of Côte d'Ivoire. Urine samples were collected and examined by filtration to detect Schistosoma eggs. Eggs were hatched and 503 miracidia were individually collected and stored on Whatman® FTA cards for molecular analysis. Individual miracidia were molecularly characterized by analysis of mitochondrial cox1 and nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS 2) DNA regions. A mitochondrial cox1-based diagnostic polymerase chain reaction was performed on 459 miracidia, with 239 (52.1%) exhibiting the typical band for S. haematobium and 220 (47.9%) the S. bovis band. The cox1 and ITS 2 amplicons were Sanger sequenced from 40 randomly selected miracidia to confirm species and hybrids status. Among the 33 cox1 sequences analysed, we identified 15 S. haematobium sequences (45.5%) belonging to seven haplotypes and 18 S. bovis sequences (54.5%) belonging to 12 haplotypes. Of 40 ITS 2 sequences analysed, 31 (77.5%) were assigned to pure S. haematobium, four (10.0%) to pure S. bovis and five (12.5%) to S. haematobium-bovis hybrids. Our findings suggest that S. haematobium-bovis hybrids are common in Côte d'Ivoire. Hence, intense prospection of domestic and wild animals is warranted to determine whether zoonotic transmission occurs.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Schistosomiasis in Two High-Risk Communities of South Côte d'Ivoire with Particular Emphasis on Pre-School–Aged Children

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean T. Coulibaly ◽  
Yves K. N'Gbesso ◽  
Eliézer K. N'Goran ◽  
Jürg Utzinger ◽  
Nicaise A. N'Guessan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Risk Communities

scholarly journals HIGH RISK OF POSTPARTUM HAEMORRHAGE AT BOUAKÉ UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL (NORTH-CENTRAL CÔTE D’IVOIRE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 78-91
Author(s):  
Zahouo Pascale Ghislaine KOUAMÉ ◽  
Adou Serge Judicaël ANOUA ◽  
N’Doumy Noël ABE
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Postpartum Haemorrhage ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Community Intervention ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

Objectives. Postpartum haemorrhage is one of several direct causes of maternal death in Côte d’Ivoire. It is recurrent in the department of gynaecology and obstetrics at Bouaké University Hospital (CHU de Bouaké), but little is known to date about the underlying risk factors. The present study aims to describe the levels and trends displayed by the risk factors of postpartum haemorrhage before determining the contributing social factors in the aforesaid department. Material and methods. This study is retrospective in nature, concerning the period from 2014 to 2016. Data was obtained from delivery records and through individual interviews. The overall approach adopted is an anthropological one. Results. Postpartum haemorrhage is significant in light of its very high and increasing incidence (22.31%) among multiparous mothers. Within the latter category, fatal complications are a critical problem, with an annual average estimated at 35.98% and on the rise. The overall situation is alarming in view of this progressive deterioration. The persistence of the reproductive morbidity is attributable to various economic, social, cultural, and infrastructural factors. Conclusions. Communicational strategies are proposed as a type of community intervention conducive to social and behavioural change, with multiparous mothers as a priority target group, followed by older mothers in the medium term and by adolescent mothers in the long term. This should raise awareness about high-risk reproductive behaviours and practices as well as the environmental, economic, social, cultural, and infrastructural factors correlated to postpartum haemorrhage, with the ultimate goal of improving the quality and safety of reproductive practices. Keywords: postpartum haemorrhage, reproductive behaviour, high risk, obstetric emergency, maternal morbidity, Côte d’Ivoire.

scholarly journals Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) in Men Who have Sex with Men in Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire: A Qualitative Evaluation of Acceptability

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Jeanne Pelletier ◽  
Marie-Pierre Gagnon ◽  
Souleymane Diabaté ◽  
Ouffoué Kra ◽  
Yadjoro Josué Biékoua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Background: HIV remains an important public health issue throughout the world. In Côte d’Ivoire, a high burden of HIV is observed in men who have sex with men (MSM). Objective: We assessed the acceptability of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire. Methods: We conducted and analysed four focus groups with 31 HIV-negative MSM and eight in-depth individual interviews with participants recruited from the focus groups. Results: Four MSM (13%) were aware of PrEP before participating in the study. All the participants were interested in taking PrEP if available: 19 (61.3%) would prefer the daily regimen and 12 (38.7%) would opt for the on-demand regimen. Many advantages of PrEP were mentioned: protection in case of a condom break, protection in case of high-risk sexual behaviour, self-reliance, decreasing HIV fear and ease of use. Barriers to the use of PrEP included: it does not protect against other Sexually Transmitted Tnfections (STIs), taking a pill regularly is necessary, the size of the pill, possibility of side effects, the cost and accessibility. Six participants (19.3%) admitted that they would use condoms less if they take PrEP. Conclusion: Findings indicate that PrEP is acceptable within the MSM community. Implementation should be done rapidly, and PrEP should be part of a global prevention program which includes counselling, STI screening and promotion of safe sex practices. Health authorities should consider PrEP for all high-risk groups to avoid worsening stigmatization by targeting MSM only.

Violence by Nonstate Actors

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-117
Author(s):  
Sarah Birch
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Nonstate Actors ◽  
Vote Buying ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Electoral Violence ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Forms Of Violence

This chapter discusses nonstate electoral violence, exploring the circumstances under which nonstate actors resort to violent means to achieve their ends, how state-initiated violence and nonstate violence interact, and also how nonstate electoral violence is produced. It demonstrates a strong and consistent empirical association between violence committed by nonstate actors and corruption, together with a link between this form of violence and vote buying suggestive of carrot-and-stick tactics. The chapter then explores the use made by nonstate actors of violent electoral protest as a mobilizational device, and the techniques whereby politicians enlist vigilante groups and proxies to carry out high-risk forms of violence. Analytically, mobilizational violence can be understood as taking two principal forms: protests against state electoral manipulation and violence between competing informal groupings seeking to secure the loyalty of their clients. Case studies of Pakistan, Ghana, Kyrgyzstan, and Côte d'Ivoire help to probe these casual mechanisms and to analyze the production of electoral violence.

scholarly journals Caractérisation biologique de Schistosoma haematobium, S. bovis et leurs hybrides chez l’homme et chez les mollusques Bulinus truncatus naturellement infestés, au Centre et Nord de la Côte d’Ivoire.

2021 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 16340-16350
Author(s):  
Sonya C. GLITHO ◽  
Yves-Nathan T. TIAN-BI ◽  
Nana Rose DIAKITÉ ◽  
Cyrille Koffi KONAN ◽  
Eliézer Kouakou N’GORAN
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
White Mouse ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Bulinus Truncatus ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Schistosoma Bovis ◽  
Cercarial Emergence

Objectif : Identifier les espèces Schistosoma haematobium, S. bovis et leurs hybrides et, évaluer la compatibilité des schistosomes avec les mollusques hôtes intermédiaires et la souris blanche (Mus musculus albinos), hôte définitif, en infestation expérimentale. Méthodologie et résultats : Des schistosomes ont été obtenus à partir de bulins infestés naturellement ou expérimentalement avec des miracidiums provenant des urines de l’homme. Ils ont permis d’étudier la compatibilité de quatre populations de Bulinus truncatus avec deux souches du groupe S. haematobium. La chronobiologie cercarienne a été étudiée à partir de quatre tranches horaires : 6-10h, 10-12h, 12-15h et 15- 18h. Des souris blanches infestées expérimentalement, ont été perfusées pour dénombrer les vers adultes. Une meilleure compatibilité schistosome-mollusque a été observée au niveau des infestations sympatriques. Le pic d’émergence cercarienne pour les mollusques naturellement infestés a été observé entre 6-10h, 10h15h et à 15-18h, tandis que celui des bulins infestés expérimentalement a été majoritairement observé entre 10-15h. En termes de nombre de vers collectés, les souris blanches ont été plus permissives aux schistosomes provenant des mollusques naturellement infestés. Conclusion et application des résultats : Les pics d’émergence cercarienne précoce (6-10h) et tardif (15-18h) pourraient être liés à S. bovis, tandis que celui de 10-15h correspondrait à S. haematobium. De même, en raison de la très faible compatibilité connue entre Mus musculus albinos et S. haematobium, les schistosomes auxquels les souris blanches ont été plus permissives sont fort probablement des S. bovis et/ou hybrides S. bovis x S. haematobium. Ainsi, les espèces anthropophiles et celles zoophiles du groupe Schistosoma haematobium peuvent être distinguées de manière routinière par deux approches. La première, en disséquant des souris de laboratoire (Mus musculus albinos) 4 mois après leur mise au contact de l’eau contenant des cercaires obtenues après exposition à la lumière de mollusques infestés prélevés sur le terrain ; la seconde en comparant les profils obtenus après dénombrement des cercaires émises au cours de quatre tranches horaires bien choisies. Mots clés : Bulinus truncatus, Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma bovis, Caractérisation, Chronobiologie. Glitho et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2021 Caractérisation biologique de Schistosoma haematobium, S. bovis et leurs hybrides chez l’homme et chez les mollusques Bulinus truncatus naturellement infestés, au Centre et Nord de la Côte d’Ivoire. 16341 ABSTRACT Objective: Identify the species Schistosoma haematobium, S. bovis and their hybrids; to evaluate the compatibility of schistosomes with intermediate host snails and the white mouse (Mus musculus albinos), the definitive host for experimental infestation. Methodology and results: Schistosomes have been obtained from naturally or experimentally infested snails with miracidiums from human urine. The compatibility of four populations of Bulinus truncatus with two strains of the S. haematobium group was studied. The chronobiology of cercariae was studied in four time slots: 6- 10h, 10-12h, 12-15h and 15-18h. Experimentally infested white mice were perfused and adult worms were collected. A better schistosome-snail compatibility was observed in sympatric infestations. The peak of cercarial emergence for naturally infested snails was at 6-10h, 10h-15h and 15-18h, while that of the snails experimentally infested was mostly observed at 10-15h. In terms of number of worms collected, white mice were more permissive to schistosomes from naturally infested snails. Conclusion and application of results: Early (6-10h) and late (15-18h) cercarial emergence peaks can be related to S. bovis, while the 10-15h peak correspond to S. haematobium. Due to the reported low compatibility between the white mice Mus musculus albinos and S. haematobium, the observed schistosomes permissive to the white mice are most likely S. bovis and/or hybrids S. bovis x S. haematobium. Therefore, anthropophilic and zoophilic species of the Schistosoma haematobium group can be routinely distinguished by two approaches. The first, dissecting laboratory mice (Mus musculus albinos) 4 months after their contact with water containing cercariae obtained after exposure to light from infested snails collected in the field; the second by comparing the profiles obtained after enumeration of cercariae emitted during four well-chosen time slots. Keywords: Bulinus truncatus, Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma bovis, hybrid, Characterization, Chronobiology.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document