scholarly journals The sex related effects of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia on the oxidized modification of proteins in the gingival tissues in immature rats under conditions of changed photoperiod

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1 (69)) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Dmytrenko ◽  
H. I. Khodorovskyi ◽  
V. A. Honcharenko
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Hypobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Immature Rats ◽  
Stimulation Of

It is shown in experiments that intermittent hypoxia (equivalent to the altitude 4000 meters, 2 hours per day for 14 days) changes the capacity of the oxidized modification of proteins (OMP) in the gingival tissues of immature albino rats. The result of hypoxic effects depends on the sex of animals: in males it causes a decrease of proteins peroxidation intensity both of basic and neutral nature; in females – only a tendency to decrease of the basic OMP.Functional state of the pineal gland changed by experimental conditions (14 days of illumination – “physiological pinealectomy”, or 14 days of darkness – stimulation of the pineal gland) influenced the effects of hypoxia on the OMP in the gingival tissues. The darkness heightens the decreasing effects of hypoxia on the capacity of OMP in the gingival, which is more pronounced in male rats.Our results suggest that by an application of combination of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia and the darkness it is possibleto prevent the process of accumulation of OMP in the gingival tissues.

Modulation of the contractile responses of guinea pig isolated tracheal rings after chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia with and without cold exposure

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 1006-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaveri Chakrabarty ◽  
M. Fahim
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Hypobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
Contractile Response ◽  
Tracheal Smooth Muscle ◽  
Contractile Responses ◽  
Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia ◽  
The Impact

Previous studies have documented that repetitive exposure to intermittent hypoxia, such as that encountered in preparation to high-altitude ascent, influences breathing. However, the impact of intermittent hypoxia on airway smooth muscle has not been explored. Ascents to high altitude, in addition to hypoxia, expose individuals to cold air. The objective of the present study is to examine the effect of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIH) and CIH combined with cold exposure (CIHC) on tracheal smooth muscle responses to various contractile and relaxant agonists. Experiments were performed on tracheal rings harvested from adult guinea pigs exposed either to CIH or CIHC [14 days (6 h/day) at barometric pressure of 350 mmHg with and without cold exposure of 5°C] or to room air (normoxia). CIH and CIHC attenuated maximum contractile responses to ACh compared with normoxia. The maximum contractile response to histamine decreased with CIH, whereas CIHC restored the response back to normoxia. Both CIH and CIHC attenuated maximum contractile responses to 5-HT. Altered contractile responses after CIH and CIHC were independent of epithelium. Isoproterenol-induced relaxation was not altered by CIH, whereas it was enhanced after CIHC, and these responses were independent of the epithelium. The data demonstrate that intermittent exposure to hypoxia profoundly influences contractile response of tracheal smooth muscle, and cold exposure can further modulate the response, implying the importance of cold at high altitude.

scholarly journals Influence of Allopurinol on Evoked Cortical Afterdischarges During Early Ontogenesis

2012 ◽  
pp. S111-S117
Author(s):  
K. JANDOVÁ ◽  
V. RILJAK ◽  
J. POKORNÝ ◽  
D. MAREŠOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Hypobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Simulated Altitude ◽  
Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Immature Rats ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of our study was to test the hypothesis, whether repeated allopurinol pre-treatment (in dose of 135 mg/kg s.c.) can influence changes of brain excitability caused by long-term hypoxia exposition in young immature rats. Rat pups were exposed together with their mother in to an intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (simulated altitude of 7 000 m) since the day of birth till the 11th day (youngest experimental group) or 17th day for 8 hours a day. Allopurinol was administered daily immediately before each hypoxia exposition. The duration of evoked afterdischarges (ADs) and the shape of evoked graphoelements were evaluated in 12, 18, 25 and 35-day-old freely moving male pups. Hypobaric hypoxia prolonged the duration of ADs in 12, 18 and 25-day-old rats. The ADs were prolonged in 35-day-old rats only after the first stimulation. Allopurinol shorted the duration of ADs only in 12-day-old pups. In older experimental group the effect of allopurinol treatment was less pronounced.

Melatonin Modulates Lactation by Regulating Prolactin Secretion Via Tuberoinfundibular Dopaminergic Neurons in the Hypothalamus- Pituitary System

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 744-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyang Li ◽  
JingyaWei ◽  
Fengtao Ma ◽  
Qiang Shan ◽  
Duo Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stimulation Of

In-depth studies have identified many hormones important for controlling mammary growth and maintaining lactation. One of these is melatonin, which is synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland to regulate circadian rhythms, improve antioxidant capacity, and enhance immunity. Prolactin is secreted by the pituitary gland and is associated with the growth and development of mammary glands as well as initiation and maintenance of lactation. The hypothalamus-pituitary system, the most important endocrine system in the body, regulates prolactin secretion mainly through dopamine released from tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons. This review provides a reference for further study and describes the regulation of lactation and prolactin secretion by melatonin, primarily via the protection and stimulation of tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons.

Blueberries prevent the effect of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia in rat epididymis

Andrologia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 766-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Zepeda ◽  
G. M. Calaf ◽  
C. A. Figueroa ◽  
J. G. Farías
Keyword(s):  
Hypobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Rat Epididymis

Effect of pinealectomy on the testicular response of the freshwater snake Natrix piscator to different environmental factors

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 2352-2357 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Haldar ◽  
R. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Testicular Function ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Gland Weight ◽  
Tropical Water ◽  
Water Snake ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Testicular Weight

The effects of different humidity, photoperiod, and temperature regimes on the testicular function of the tropical water snake Natrix piscator were investigated in both sham-operated and pinealectomized snakes. Moderate humidity (50 ± 5%) had no effect on the testis, but high humidity (85 ± 5%) increased the testicular weight and activity of sham-operated snakes after 3, 6, and 9 weeks. Exposures to 14L:10D or 24L:0D and high temperature (42 ± 2 °C) inhibited testicular weight and activity in sham-operated snakes, whereas exposure to 10L:14D or 0L:24D and a low temperature (20 ± 2 °C) had no effect. Pinealectomized snakes did not respond to any of these experimental conditions, but their testicular weight remained the same as that of the pinealectomized controls under natural environmental conditions. The pineal gland showed an opposite response to that of the testes. Pineal gland weight decreased under high humidity and increased under 14L:10D, 24L:0D, and high temperature. These findings suggest that the ecofactors humidity, photoperiod, and temperature play a role in the regulation of testicular function in this snake, and that the pineal gland is implicated in the mediation of these factors.

Reflex Inhibition of Normal Cramp Following Electrical Stimulation of the Muscle Tendon

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 1102-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serajul I. Khan ◽  
John A. Burne
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Muscle Cramp ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Reflex Inhibition ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Inhibitory Feedback ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Stimulation Of

Muscle cramp was induced in one head of the gastrocnemius muscle (GA) in eight of thirteen subjects using maximum voluntary contraction when the muscle was in the shortened position. Cramp in GA was painful, involuntary, and localized. Induction of cramp was indicated by the presence of electromyographic (EMG) activity in one head of GA while the other head remained silent. In all cramping subjects, reflex inhibition of cramp electrical activity was observed following Achilles tendon electrical stimulation and they all reported subjective relief of cramp. Thus muscle cramp can be inhibited by stimulation of tendon afferents in the cramped muscle. When the inhibition of cramp-generated EMG and voluntary EMG was compared at similar mean EMG levels, the area and timing of the two phases of inhibition (I1, I2) did not differ significantly. This strongly suggests that the same reflex pathway was the source of the inhibition in both cases. Thus the cramp-generated EMG is also likely to be driven by spinal synaptic input to the motorneurons. We have found that the muscle conditions that appear necessary to facilitate cramp, a near to maximal contraction of the shortened muscle, are also the conditions that render the inhibition generated by tendon afferents ineffective. When the strength of tendon inhibition in cramping subjects was compared with that in subjects that failed to cramp, it was found to be significantly weaker under the same experimental conditions. It is likely that reduced inhibitory feedback from tendon afferents has an important role in generating cramp.

scholarly journals Effect of Duloxetine Pretreatment on 5-HTP and Dexfenfluramine Induced Behaviours in Albino Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1339-1343
Author(s):  
Vandana Milind Thorat ◽  
Chitra C Khanwelkar ◽  
Somnath Mallikarjun Matule ◽  
Pratibha Satish Salve ◽  
Smita Ajit Surle-Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serotonin Transporter ◽  
Behavioural Syndrome ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Behavioral Syndrome ◽  
Serotonergic Receptors ◽  
Central Brain ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Stimulation Of

Activation of central brain serotonergic receptors viz 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A by serotonin (5-HT) induces the 5-HT behavioural syndrome in rats. 5-HTP and dexfenfluramine produce 5-HT mediated behaviours. We have carried out the experiment with the aim to study the effect of duloxetine pretreatment on 5-hydroxytryptophan and dexfenfluramine induced behaviours in albino rats. Pre-treatment with 20 mg/kg duloxetine, a SNRI was found to potentiate 75 mg/kg 5-HTP mediated behavioural syndrome. However, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg duloxetine had decreased the intensity of the behavioral syndrome produced by 10 mg/kg dexfenfluramine significantly. Duloxetine at 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg had produced inhibition of serotonin transporter (SERT) and inhibited dexfenfluramine uptake which had significantly antagonised its behavioural syndrome. Duloxetine at 5 and 10 mg/kg did not affect 5-HTP induced behavioral syndrome significantly where as 20 mg/kg duloxetine did significantly potentiate 5-HTP induced behavioral syndrome. This indicates 20 mg/kg dose of duloxetine blocks neuronal reuptake of 5-HT by blocking SERT and effectively increase its concentration to greater level in the synaptic gap which causes synergistic stimulation of the central postsynaptic 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors and potentiation of 5-HTP behavioral syndrome.

scholarly journals Effect of Acclimation to Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia on NO Homeostasis

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Seung Chang ◽  
Yun Bok Sim ◽  
Jeong Hee Lee ◽  
Sang Seok Nam ◽  
Sub Sunoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hypobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia
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