scholarly journals Aplikabilitas Metode Applied Behavior Analysis untuk Mengurangi Perilaku Anak ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders)

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
Marlina Marlina
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Analysis ◽  
Applied Behavior Analysis ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Systematic Desensitization ◽  
Sensitivity Training ◽  
Assertiveness Training ◽  
Change Behavior ◽  
School Rules ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorders

Abstract: Children who have attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) often refered to as a hyperactive child. Children who have behavioral disorders generally have normal intelligence levels, but because the disorder, they show underchiever. This is because they are difficult to focus, concentrate, obey school rules, sit still in class (do not move the seat), and so forth. Applied behavior analysis methods can be used as an approach to solve the problem above. The approach used in the modification of behavior include: relaxation, systematic desensitization, sensitivity training, imitation through resistence. Of some of these approaches that are often used to change behavior inADHD children is imitation through modeling, operant conditioning, immunization techniques, and assertiveness training. Keywords: Apllied behavior analysis and hyperactivity.

Learning and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders as Risk Factors for Prolonged Concussion Recovery in Children and Adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Alexia K. Martin ◽  
Ashley J. Petersen ◽  
Heather W. Sesma ◽  
Mary B. Koolmo ◽  
Katherine M. Ingram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Learning Disorders ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Return To School ◽  
Symptom Recovery ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorders

Abstract Objective: Examine pre-existing learning disorders (LD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) as risk factors for prolonged recovery and increased symptomology following pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children/adolescents (5-17 years) with mTBI who presented to a Children’s Minnesota Concussion Clinic between April 2018 and March 2019. Differences across strata of pre-existing conditions (present vs. absent) in time to recovery measures were estimated via Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards analyses and differences in symptom trajectories were examined via linear mixed-effects regression models. Regression models were adjusted for age, sex and other confounders. Results: In our cohort of 680 mTBI patients, those with LD (n = 70) or ADHD (n = 107) experienced significantly longer median durations of symptoms (58 and 68 days, respectively) than those without (43 days). Accordingly, LD was significantly associated with delayed symptom recovery (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.16–2.29), return to school (1.47, 1.08–2.00), and return to physical activity (1.50, 1.10–2.04). Likewise, ADHD was associated with delayed recovery (1.69, 1.28–2.23), return to school (1.52, 1.17–1.97) and physical activity (1.55, 1.19–2.01). Further, patients with LD or ADHD reported, on average, significantly more concussion symptoms and higher vision symptom scores throughout recovery versus those without. There was no evidence that concussion or vision symptom recovery trajectories varied over time between those with/without LD or ADHD (joint P-interactions > 0.05). Conclusion: Pre-existing LD and ADHD are risk factors for prolonged and more symptomatic mTBI recovery in youth. These results can inform clinical concussion management and recovery expectations.

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