The Inheritors and The Nature of a Crime

This volume offers scholars the first authoritative text of two works produced collaboratively by two of the most important modern British novelists. Long hard to obtain and frequently neglected by critics, each can now be appreciated both in its own right and as part of the two authors' individual oeuvres. This scholarly edition situates both works in the context of the writers' meeting and ongoing collaboration, providing illuminating literary and historical references and detailing the works' composition history and reception in the UK and America. As well as establishing definitive texts of both works and of the authors' prefaces written for the 1924 republication of The Nature of a Crime, this edition also includes Ford's own 1924 account of his collaboration with Conrad on The Inheritors, as well as the text of Ford's 'The Old Story', a hitherto unpublished early draft of the basic plot of The Nature of a Crime.

KAJIAN PESAN TEKS MONOLOGIS WHATSAPP/A STUDY OF WHATSAPP MONOLOGIC TEXT MESSAGE

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmenemukan dan mendeskripsikan struktur, bahasa yang dipilih untuk mentransmisikan, serta karakter pesan teksmonologis yang ditulis di ruang pesan tiga grup WhatsAppdan sekaligus dikirim ke seluruh anggota grup. Data berupa pesan teks monologis, diperoleh dari sumber tertulis tiga grup WhatsAppberbeda dengan cara membuat tangkapan layar pesan teks yang dipilih. Untuk menguji validitas data dilakukan wawancara dengan informan terkait. Data berbahasa Prancis bersumber dari sebuah grup WhatsAppyang anggotanya berprofesi sebagai guru bahasa Prancis, data berbahasa Indonesia diambil dari sebuah kelompok pengajian, dan data berbahasa Jawa diperoleh dari sebuah grup WhatsAppRW. Data terkumpul dianalisis berdasar perspektif monologis Bakhtin. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pesan teks monologis di dalam ruang pesan grup-grup WhatsApptersebut dituturkan dari penutur yang berwewenang kepada seluruh partisipan di masing-masing grup dalam konteks pemberian informasi. Pesan teks monologis tersebut dapat berstruktur lengkap atau semi lengkap, cenderung disampaikan dalam bahasa yang prestise di lingkungannya, dan secara umum bersifat otoritatif. Kata kunci: monologis, otoritatif, pesan teks, WhatsApp AbstractThis studyaimed to discover and describe the structures, language preference, and characters of the monologic text messages written and sent to all group members in the message spaces of three WhatsApp groups.The data that were in the forms of monologic text messages were obtained from three written sources, which were three WhatsApp groups, by taking and saving screenshots of selected text messages. To test the validity of the data, interviews were conducted with informants. The data written in French were collected from a WhatsApp group whose members are the French language teachers. The data written in Indonesian were obtained from a Quran reading group, and those in Javanese were collected from a WhatsApp group of a community unit (RW). All of the collected data were analyzed based on Bakhtin's monologic perspective. The results of the analysis showed that the monologic text messages in the message spaces of the WhatsApp groups were written by speakers (group members) with authority over all other group members in the three WhatsApp groups in terms of providing information. The monologic text messages were either complete or semi-complete, tended to be conveyed in language that showed prestige in each group’s environment, and were generally authoritative. Keywords: monologic, authoritative, text message, WhatsApp

Quran as Scripture in Classical Muslim Scholarship

Recent scholarship focuses on the plasticity of the concept of “scripture” as it is defined by different religious traditions. Based on its contents, the Quran is most commonly compared to the Bible, yet such an approach misses the distinct way that the Quran is understood as an authoritative text by classical Muslim scholarship. Even “basic” information—knowing the number of words, the names of surahs, the structure of the text—is essential to understanding how Muslims see the Quran as scripture and the foundations upon which it is built. Muslims regard the Quran as the word of God, revealed to the prophet Muhammad, the primary source for determining the beliefs and practices of Islam. The text of the Quran is used in the teaching of Arabic and is the focus of Islamic learning. It is regarded as interceding on behalf of those who revere it, is recited as a part of regular rituals, and is treated as a sacred object in ritual and everyday settings. The exegetical and ritual use of the Quran is a fundamental means for Muslims to both relate and distinguish themselves from other religious identities, especially those such as Jews and Christians, with whom they share a common scriptural tradition.

From “pretty to pretty powerful”: The communicatively constituted power of facial beauty’s performativity

The face is a significant locus of power upon which judgements concerning a person’s status, worth and attractiveness are made. This study contributes to knowledge of facial norms’ shifting performative power in daily organizing, theorizing facial beauty as a communicatively constituted authoritative text. We achieve this through blending Butlerian and communication as constitutive of organization (CCO) theorizing. This allows us to enrich understandings of power and performativity’s necessarily entangled and co-constitutive unfolding, as we trace how a normative understanding of facial beauty becomes more and/or less performatively powerful through embodied-textual processes. Our theorizing is generated from an ethnography of a UK cosmetics firm and demonstrates how facial beauty functions as a (figurative) authoritative text that corporealizes, subjectivizes, and is resisted by makeup artists within a confluence of (concrete) text and conversation. We show how through communicative, citational and embodied processes of corporealization, regulation and subjection, everyday performances like makeup applications become performatively powerful on the ground level of interaction. Further, returning authoritative texts to their original figurative formulation uncovers something of how their transformative power shapes organizing’s ongoing accomplishment.

Issues, Challenges, and Promises in Chinese Bible Translation

This essay discusses three broad issues faced by today’s Chinese Bible translations: the continuation and discontinuation of the legacy of the authoritative text, the issue of syntactic differences between Chinese and languages of the source texts, and the issue of differences between the Chinese culture and those behind the source texts. To tackle these issues, the essay highlights the importance in the definition of the Skopos (purpose) of any given Bible translation project, the importance of consistency in the use of translation techniques, and the importance of coherency of the materials used in translational action.

Chinese Buddhist Writings and the Bible

This essay examines the influence of Buddhist writings on the Bible. In the Tang dynasty, when the Church of the East reached China, they did not hold onto the idea of fixed Scripture in the form of an Old and a New Testament. The growing Buddhist canon had its impact on Tang Christians’ concept of authoritative text. As a result, the clergy produced a wide range of sūtras as their canon. They also appropriated many Buddhist terms, but managed to keep their Christian doctrines intact. Later Bible translations show little Buddhist influence, but we can still see traces of Buddhist vocabulary.

What Is Speech? The Question of Coverage

This chapter assesses the question of coverage of the right to freedom of speech. Beneath the language and complexities of the question of coverage, and apart from the misleading question, ‘what is speech?’, is a much simpler question that is necessarily the first question always to be asked: ‘is this a free speech dispute?’. The question of coverage is this question. At times the answer will be determined by an authoritative text. At times it will be answered by examining the underlying point of a distinct and weighty principle of free speech. And at times the answer will be so obviously ‘yes’ or ‘no’ that one may not even recognize that the question is there. But the question, whether explicit or implicit, is always there. Labelling the question as the question of coverage, and distinguishing between coverage and protection, brings to the surface a component that is necessarily part of addressing any free speech issue and any free speech dispute.

A Most Peculiar Book

The Bible, we are constantly reminded, is the bestselling book of all time. It is read with intense devotion by hundreds of millions of people, stands as authoritative text for Judaism and Christianity, and informs and affects the politics and lives of the religious and nonreligious around the world. But how well do we really know it? The Bible is so familiar, so ubiquitous that we take our knowledge of it for granted. Yet in some cases, the Bible we think we know is a pale imitation of the real thing. This book addresses the dirty little secret of biblical studies—that the Bible is a weird book, by modern standards. A collection of ancient stories, poetry, and more written by multiple authors, held together by the tenuous string of tradition, the Bible often undermines our modern assumptions. It is full of surprises and contradictions, unexplained impossibilities, terrifying supernatural creatures, and heroes doing horrible deeds. In total, it offers neither a systematic theology nor a singular worldview. Still, there is a tendency to reduce the complexities of the Bible to aphorisms, bumper stickers, and slogans. But what exactly does it mean to be “unclean”? Who really killed Goliath? Does Jesus condemn nonbelievers to Hell? What does it mean “to believe,” in the first place? Rather than dismiss the Bible as an outlandish or irrelevant relic of antiquity, this book leans into the messiness full throttle, guiding readers through a Bible that will to many feel brand new.

Kajian Filologi Kitab Al-Mashlahah Fi Al-Tasyri’ Al-Islamiy Wa Najmuddin Al-Thufiy Karya Dr. Mushthofa Zaid

<span lang="IN">The main objective of this philological research is to determine the original text (autography), the text that is close to the original (archetypal) or authoritative (authoritative) text, the second is transliterating the text with the main task of maintaining the authenticity / special characteristics of word writing and translating the written text in the original language to the second language, the third is to edit the text as well as possible, the fourth is to describe the position and function of the text under study and clean the text from errors that occur during copying. Based on the description of the purpose of the above research can be formulated some problems namely: the first is in each text there is generally more than one manuscript, which is the original or authoritative manuscript, the second is the text written in characters and languages </span><span lang="IN">that are no longer commonly used now that the text is difficult to read and understand the meaning, the third text has not been well presented, no punctuation, paragraph structure and parts of the story so it will be difficult for the reader to understand, the fourth is the position and function of the text is not clear so it is difficult to place this text in the whole of one's thinking or the literature of the region concerned. In this paper will be studied in philological detail on Najmuddin Al-Thufi's text on mashlahah.</span>