scholarly journals 世界首例基因編輯嬰兒事件的科學與倫理學思考

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76
Author(s):  
Deming FU ◽  
Hongqi WANG
Keyword(s):  
Gene Editing ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Digital Commons ◽  
Ethical Controversy ◽  
Southern University ◽  
At Will

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.南方科技大學賀建奎博士 2018年11月26曰宣佈一對基因編輯嬰兒於11月在中國健康誕生為背景，分析了使用CRISPR/Cas9基因編辑技術以及選擇CCR5作為抵抗愛滋病感染靶標存在的科學和倫理學問題，探討了相關研究可能對人類遺傳物質造成不可逆轉的改造，進而混入人類的基因庫具有巨大風險和倫理爭議。因此，現階段應對基因編辑相關研究加強規範和監管，在技術尚不成熟的情況下，不能隨意開展人類生殖細胞和人類胚胎基因編辑研究，更不能質然推廣到臨床研究。This study is based on the announcement by Dr. He Jiankui of Southern University of Science and Technology on November 26, 2018 that a pair of gene-edited babies were born in China in November. It discusses the ethical problems posed by Dr. He's research in CRISPR-based gene editing technology for human embryos, analyzes the scientific and ethical problems in CRISPR/Cas9 technology and choosing CCR5 as the target of anti-AIDS infection, and investigates the feasibility of relevant research. The fact that human genetic material can be irreversibly transformed into a human gene pool presents a huge risk and an ethical controversy. Therefore, we should strengthen the regulation and supervision of gene editing research at this stage. In this immature phase of technology development, we cannot conduct gene editing research with human germ cells and human embryos at will, especially clinical research.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 100 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

scholarly journals Should Parents Design Their Children’s Genome: Some General Arguments and a Confucian Solution

Philosophies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhui Li ◽  
Xin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Human Embryo ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Philosophical Study ◽  
Reproductive Process ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Happy Life ◽  
New Gene ◽  
New Perspective

With the emergence of clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) as one of the most promising new gene-editing techniques, scientists are now endeavoring to apply it to various domains. Among all the possible applications, gene editing in human embryos has received the most attention. Against this background, this article carries out a philosophical study on the ethical problems of human embryo gene editing or designing. Arguments against human embryo gene designing include that parents should be prohibited from deciding their children’s future; commodifying children should be prohibited; the natural reproductive process should not be disturbed; and human embryo gene designing might foster discrimination. Arguments for human embryo gene designing include that parents should have the freedom to design their own babies and this freedom should not be limited; designing babies can promote the happy life of the baby; and totally forbidding embryo gene editing would drive the practice underground, where it would be performed illegally. This article analyzes all of these arguments and points out that all of them have some flaws. In order to draw a thoughtful conclusion, we turn to Confucianism and find a new perspective to determine whether designing babies with CRISPR technology is ethically permissible.

scholarly journals Gene-editing research in human embryos gains momentum

Nature ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 532 (7599) ◽  
pp. 289-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewen Callaway
Keyword(s):  
Gene Editing ◽  
Human Embryos

The Ethical Challenges of Gene Editing

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Jozef Zalot ◽  
Tadeusz Pacholczyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Oregon Health ◽  
Life Threatening

In August 2017, researchers at the Oregon Health and Science University announced that they had successfully used a gene editing technique known as CRISPR-Cas9 to repair disease-causing genes in human embryos. Some members of the scientific and medical communities have hailed the development as a way to ensure that life- threatening diseases are not passed on to future generations. But is gene editing always a good thing? The Catholic Church encourages scientific research that is ethical and serves the human good. In the future, CRISPR may be used to treat people with serious genetic diseases, such as hemophilia and sickle-cell anemia. However, for research on human beings to be ethical, it must be strictly therapeutic and must respect the dignity and sacredness of human life. Gene-editing techniques raise profound ethical challenges in both respects.

Doing Wrong to ‘Lulu’ and ‘Nana’? Applying Parfit to the He Jiankui Experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-170
Author(s):  
Norman K. Swazo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Derek Parfit ◽  
Identity Problem ◽  
Vitro Fertilization

In November 2018, Dr. He Jiankui announced the birth of two baby girls born through the use of in vitro fertilization technology and the use of the gene-editing tool CRISPR-Cas9. There has been nigh uniform international condemnation of the clinical trial for violating international norms governing genomic research, especially research in human embryos that has implications for the germline. At issue also is the question whether the parents and the clinical research team harmed, and therefore wronged, the two girls. Here this question is engaged through application of the reasoning Derek Parfit has provided on the non-identity problem. One concludes that on this reasoning the parents are not morally culpable on that argument, although there is other reasoning that is to be considered to resist the Parfitian conclusion.

Privacy: Potential Violations of Human Dignity

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-107
Author(s):  
Constance L. Milton
Keyword(s):  
Human Dignity ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
The Right ◽  
Genetic Structures

Privacy has been understood as a bioethical concept whose focus is on personal choosing or the right to control access to self. In nursing, privacy concerns abound where there is potential for the violation of human dignity as scientific advancements in genetic biotechnology potentially disclose personal information and genetic structures are made known to others without the consent of persons whose genetic material is being utilized for biological experimentation. In this article, the author offers new insights into the concept of privacy and human dignity as gene editing and its possible consequences unfurl within the scientific and healthcare arenas. A humanbecoming ethos perspective for nursing is illuminated.

scholarly journals Wet & Dry Lab Activities to Introduce Students to CRISPR-Based Gene Editing

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 315-322
Author(s):  
David Wollert
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Word Processor ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
New Era ◽  
Cultured Human Cells ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Science Educators

CRISPR (also known as CRISPR-Cas9) is a powerful biotechnology tool that gives scientists unprecedented access to the genetic makeup of all living organisms, including humans. It originally evolved as an adaptive immune system in bacteria to defend against viruses. When artificially harnessed in the laboratory it allows scientists to accurately and precisely edit genes almost as if using a word processor. In mice, CRISPR has already been used to treat diabetes, muscular dystrophy, cancer, and blindness. CRISPR has made cultured human cells immune to HIV, and a variety of CRISPR experiments involving human embryos are well under way. But CRISPR is not limited to biomedical applications. It is also revolutionizing the food industry and many areas of biological research. It is imperative that science educators help prepare students for this compelling new era of biology. This article presents wet and dry lab simulations to help introduce high school and undergraduate students to CRISPR-based gene editing technology.

scholarly journals Ethical Problems with the Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis of Human Embryos

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
José Tomás Alvarado Marambio ◽  
Manuel J. Santos Alcántara
Keyword(s):  
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Ethical Problems
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