scholarly journals 輔助生殖技術應用的儒家倫理解讀

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-37
Author(s):  
Xiangjin KONG ◽  
Mingjie ZHAO
Keyword(s):  
Normal Family ◽  
Family Values ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Surrogate Motherhood ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Digital Commons ◽  
The Family ◽  
Confucian Moral

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.因人類輔助生殖技術應用引發的生命倫理問題，已成為現代生命倫理學界研究的重點領域。隨著輔助生殖技術的進步與發展，所產生的生命倫理問題也愈來愈複雜，現代生命倫理學各學派對這些倫理問題的爭論也愈來愈激烈。本文以儒家家庭倫理觀對這些倫理問題進行解析，以期為解決這些倫理問題爭論提供一個新的視角。Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has provided both opportunities and crises for people to achieve pregnancy and reproduction by artificial or partially artificial means. As Chinese people have been shaped by Confucian family values, they are committed to pursuing the continuity, integrity, and prosperity of the family. Applying ART is not unethical in principle. However, different types of ART carry different ethical implications and should be defined clearly according to the Confucian moral perspective.Confucian ethics is committed to maintaining the continuity of the family. For infertile couples, both artificial insemination (AI) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) can be beneficial and justifiable, as long as the sperms and eggs involved are only from the husband and wife. However, according to the Confucian understanding of the integrity of the family, an AI or IVF by donor, rather than the husband, would destroy the blood-tie of the family, and is therefore ethically unjustifiable. In addition, Confucianism appreciates that a normal family must have both a husband and a wife, and that a child ought to be born in a normal family with both a father and a mother. Accordingly, it is ethically problematic for single men or women to use ART to conceive a child. Moreover, it is very difficult for Confucians to defend the practice of surrogate motherhood because the intrusion of another woman into a family would significantly threaten the peace and integrity of the family and be harmful to the development of the child.This paper does not intend to argue that all traditional Confucian ethical views are absolutely right and should never be changed. It does, however, argue that Confucian moral values and commitments should be taken seriously. These values and commitments are still vibrant in Chinese people’s lives, although they have not been promoted systematically in national politics. As they are embedded in the Chinese ways of life, Chinese bioethicists should carefully examine these views and provide relevant arguments for their preferred programs and solutions regarding the application of reproductive technologies.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 169 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

scholarly journals The Family and Biology: Challenges of the Artificial Reproductive Technologies.

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1(15)) ◽  
pp. 149-165
Author(s):  
John M. Grondelski
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Egg Donation ◽  
Documentary Films ◽  
Sperm Donation ◽  
Surrogate Motherhood ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
The Family ◽  
Biological Foundation

Artificial reproductive technologies such as sperm and egg donation, in vitro fertilization, and surrogate motherhood all in principle separate the family from its biological foundation. These technologies enable and promote contemporary social trends that disconnect the family from its biological basis and claim that a family is constituted by an act of will, irrespective of biology. The article discusses three recent documentary films made by American Center for Bioethics and Culture, which consist of interviews with children born from sperm donation and women involved in egg donation and surrogate motherhood, to identify how the biological understanding of parenthood is undermined by these technologies and the ethical and anthropological consequences that follow. The author concludes that these technologies are also in principle available to single persons and to homosexuals to enable them to "have" children. He warns that potential and real deleterious effects of such behavior will be satisfying adults' whims by children.

Social and Ethical Implications of In Vitro Fertilization in Contemporary China

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Handwerker
Keyword(s):  
Family Values ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Population Reduction ◽  
The Media ◽  
Population Crisis

In March 1988 the People's Republic of China announced the birth of the first test-tube baby born to a 39-year-old infertile peasant woman. This surprise announcement appeared in strong contradiction to China's population reduction goals amidst a population crisis. Yet, the media attention given to this medical achievement would seem to be consistent with the political, social, and economic changes taking place in the last decade, including technological innovation as the key to a modern socialist nation. In short, this announcement highlights tensions facing China as it simultaneously attempts to modernize within a trans-national economy, control population, and maintain traditional Confucian family values within a rapidly changing context.

scholarly journals La maternidad subrogada: un asunto de derechos fundamentales

2019 ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Ana Valero Heredia
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Surrogate Motherhood ◽  
Vitro Fertilization

En los últimos años nos encontramos inmersos en un profundo debate social, político y jurídico en torno a la llamada maternidad subrogada. Ésta, que consiste en la implantación por fecundación in vitro o inseminación artificial de un embrión en una madre gestante, con la que los padres de intención han firmado un contrato previo, con o sin remuneración económica, implica un auténtico conflicto de derechos fundamentales y bienes jurídicos. El presente estudio pretende, a través del análisis de la jurisprudencia existente, detectar los derechos de todos los sujetos implicados y extraer parámetros de ponderación que garanticen la protección de aquellos que deben priorizarse. Y ello con el fin de orientar la resolución de futuros casos y en el diseño de políticas en materia.In recent years we are immersed in a deep social, political and legal debate about the so-called surrogate motherhood. This practice, which consists of the implantation by in vitro fertilization or artificial insemination of an embryo in a mother, with which the parents of intention have signed a previous contract, with or without economic remuneration, implies a real conflict of fundamental rights. The present study intends, through the analysis of existing jurisprudence, to detect the rights of all the subjects involved and extract balancing parameters that guarantee the protection of those that must be prioritized, in order to guide the resolution of future cases and the design of policies in this area.

On Teaching Biopolicy and Values in Selected Reproductive Technologies: Abortion, In Vitro Fertilization, and Surrogate Motherhood

1986 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lois B. Moreland
Keyword(s):  
Course Design ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Course Development ◽  
Computer Search ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Surrogate Motherhood ◽  
Faculty Preparation ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Reading Materials

This article is divided into three parts: “Faculty Preparation: Immersion in the Literature,” “Conceptualizing and Organizing the Course,” and “Course Design.” The first part is addressed particularly to readers without access to a computer search of the literature. It suggests resource materials for each of the technologies. It also speaks to the meanings of and approaches which may be used to study biopolitics. Biopolicy is the approach used in the course.The second part addresses the problem of finding a unifying concept which would bring cohesion to the multiple and diverse materials and issues. It also includes the statement of purpose and course objectives. It is here that the development of identifying and demonstrating the nexus between the reproductive technologies and public policy begins. It also discusses methodologies used in the course.The third part lists the activities that served as a guide in designing the course and cites remaining caveats in course development. The paper concludes with statements about required reading materials, review materials, audio-visual aids, and a broad outline of the course.

Access to In Vitro Fertilization: Costs, Care and Consent

Dialogue ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Overall
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Family Values ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Artificial Reproduction ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Policies And Practices

What would be a genuinely caring approach to the provision of procedures of so-called artificial reproduction such as in vitro fertilization (IVF)? What are appropriate and justified social policies with respect to attempting to enable infertile persons to have offspring? These urgent questions have provoked significant disagreements among theologians, sociologists, healthcare providers, philosophers and even — or especially — among feminists. In the existing literature and in developing social policy, three different kinds of answers can be discerned. (1) Some have suggested that access to IVF should be provided as a matter of right. (2) Some existing social policies and practices imply that access to IVF is a privilege. (3) Some theorists have argued that, because of its alleged violation of family values and marital security, or because of its risks, costs, and low success rate, IVF should not be available at all. After evaluating each of these views, I shall offer a feminist alternative, describing what I think would constitute the caring provision of in vitro fertilization.

Surrogate Motherhood: Personality Traits and Satisfaction with Service Providers

2000 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 957-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Hagan Kleinpeter ◽  
Melinda M. Hohman
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Medical Doctor ◽  
Global Measure ◽  
Surrogate Motherhood ◽  
Surrogate Mothers ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Normal Personality

This study explored the personality traits of 15 women who served as surrogate mothers in a California-based surrogacy program. Their satisfaction with their service providers, i.e., the program director, psychologist, and medical doctor, were explored. All had given birth to one or more children, and five had been a surrogate more than once. 13 used in vitro fertilization, with only two choosing artificial insemination. 15 subjects were given the NEO–R Personality Inventory, a global measure of normal personality traits. Analysis indicated that surrogates overall were very pleased with their experiences, and they differed from the general population on nine personality traits.

scholarly journals 家庭成員共同決定——儒家家庭本位思想在臨床決定中的體現

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Hanhui XU
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Family Involvement ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Medical Decision Making ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Family Values ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Medical Issues ◽  
Digital Commons ◽  
The Family

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.儒家家庭本位思想對於中國傳統社會有著極其深刻的影響，而這種影響直到今天仍然發揮著巨大的作用，並由此形成了中國特有的社會結構和家庭觀念。在中國家庭中，家庭成員之間的關係更加密切，遇到重大事情，往往會由家庭成員共同做出決定。由於這種特殊的文化氛圍，在臨床決定的時候，應該用家庭共同決定代替個人自主決定，這種模式既能保障個人權利，維護個人利益，同時也是尊重家庭決定，營造和諧的家庭關係。Family involvement in medical decision making is a common practice in China due to the influence of Confucianism, which emphasizes the family as an organic unit. Instead of speaking of the individual’s right to choose and make a decision, the Confucian model for “informed consent” calls for “family co-decision making” or “co-determination.” The essay argues that China has long-standing moral traditions such as Confucianism, with its inherent ethical views toward family values that are still pertinent to a person’s daily life in general and bio-medical issues in particular.The author points out that those who acknowledge the role of the family in medical decision making feel much more satisfied. Sometimes both medical and non-medical burdens related to family roles and relationships are taken into consideration, but a patient who has good family relationships would rather family members be actively involved in the decision making. In addition, as young people are becoming increasingly individualistic under the influence of Western culture, family medical co-decision making can promote the Confucian values of family, family responsibility, and the well-being of individuals.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 1791 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

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