scholarly journals Can Japan Meet Its 2030 Nuclear Power Target?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Zissler ◽  
Jeffrey S. Cross
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Term Energy

The 2010s marked a turning point in Japan’s nuclear power’s industry. In fiscal year 2010, nuclear power electricity generation stood at 288.2 terawatt-hours. In 2011, the Great East Japan Earthquake triggered a tsunami and a major accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. In 2014, nuclear power electricity generation eventually bottomed out at 0 terawatt-hour due to the temporary closures of all the reactors. In 2015, Japan’s Government advanced its landmark Long-term Energy Supply and Demand Outlook targeting nuclear power electricity generation to reach 216.8-231.7 terawatt-hours in fiscal year 2030 – granting a key role to this technology in terms of low carbon and stable domestic electricity supply. However, confronted to the challenges of meeting more stringent safety standards, many nuclear reactors have been permanently shut down, and future restarts are unclear. Given this scenario, this paper demonstrates that meeting Japan’s nuclear power 2030 target is unlikely. Furthermore, Japan has recently set a net zero greenhouse gas emission goal by 2050 making decarbonization of its electrical power generation, a future need. Although improvements in energy efficiency and greater deployment of renewable energies are two potential ways to overcome the shortfall, this paper discusses how proposed international electrical interconnections may serve as efficient and economical alternatives to meet nuclear power’s expected shortfall that also addresses climate change mitigation, electricity security strengthening, and resiliency.

Decarbonising UK transport: Implications for electricity generation, land use and policy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn G. Logan ◽  
John D. Nelson ◽  
James D. Chapman ◽  
Jenny Milne ◽  
Astley Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Electric Transport ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
The Impact

<p>Transitioning away from internal combustion engine private vehicles in favour of public transport, including electric and hydrogen alternatives, is recognised as an essential part of the solution to reduce the scale of climate change and meet net zero in the UK by 2050. This decarbonisation transition to low carbon transport will likely result in an increase in energy demand which will have impacts on both ecosystem services (ES) and natural capital (NC). Robust projections of societal energy demands post low carbon transition are therefore required to ensure adequate power generation is installed. In this study, we project the energy demand for electric and hydrogen cars, buses and trains between 2020 and 2050 based on the number of vehicles and distance travelled using the Transport Energy Air Pollution UK (TEAM-UK) model outputs. In this work, the spatial requirements of additional renewable energy (onshore/offshore wind and solar), nuclear and fossil fuels, on ES and NC was predicted by considering the expected electricity generation mix expected by 2050, the number of generation installations and energy density of each energy source. The outcomes of this analysis can assist policymakers in better understanding what energy types and transport networks need to be prioritised to efficiently meet net zero. Legislation requires increased low carbon electricity generation, though the impact on ES and NC are not currently quantified.</p><p>Energy demand was lower for electric transport (136,599 GWh) than hydrogen transport (425,532 GWh) for all vehicle types in 2050, however a combination of both power types will be needed to accommodate the full range of socioeconomic requirements. In addition, to power electrical transport, 1,515 km<sup>2 </sup>of land will be required for solar, 1,672 km<sup>2</sup> for wind and 5 km<sup>2</sup> for expansion of the average nuclear power station by 2050. This will be approximately doubled for hydrogen provision due to the additional energy and conversions required to generate hydrogen.</p><p>In reality the finer scale mix between hydrogen and electric transport types in the future will depend on geographical location and resource availability. Rural areas may favour hydrogen power due to range restrictions, with electric transport more readily suited to urban areas with greater installed infrastructure. To reduce the requirements for additional electricity and maximise carbon output decreases, minimising the impact on NC and ES, policymakers need to focus on encouraging a modal shift towards low carbon public transport from private vehicles and to ensure a more sustainable route to decarbonising transport.</p>

Technological Pathways for Decarbonizing Petroleum Refining

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Byrum ◽  
Hélène Pilorgé ◽  
Jennifer Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Petroleum Refining ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Fuel Switching ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
The U.S

Petroleum refining is among the largest industrial greenhouse gas emission sources in the U.S., producing approximately 13% of U.S. industrial emissions and approximately 3% of all U.S. emissions. While the U.S. must rapidly reduce its reliance on fossil fuels, some demand will remain for petroleum refinery products in the coming decades, and so it is critical that refineries deeply decarbonize. For the U.S. to meet its climate target of net-zero emissions economy-wide by 2050, petroleum use must dramatically decline and refineries must transform to reduce their substantial emissions. This analysis finds that using current and novel technologies – like fuel switching to clean hydrogen; electrification; and carbon capture, utilization and storage – can deeply decarbonize refineries, delivering climate benefits and improving local air quality as the U.S. transitions away from fossil fuels in the coming decades. It shows how, in the long-term, refineries could shift to processing renewable feedstocks to produce low-carbon fuels for aviation, shipping and trucking – our toughest to abate transportation sectors – ultimately reducing fuel carbon intensities by up to 80%. By leveraging technologies and adapting to low-carbon demands, refineries could provide lower-carbon products for our economy while helping meet U.S. climate goals. The paper provides policymakers and stakeholders with an overview of refinery emissions today and the possibilities for and barriers to mitigating them. To deeply decarbonize refineries, the paper calls for ambitious expansion of existing and novel technologies, supported by further independent research and supportive policies.

Solution to Pakistan Electrical Power Crisis

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Akbar ◽  
Shahab Khusnood
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Private Power

Electricity is the engine for the growth of economy of any country. Total installed electricity generation capacity of Pakistan is presently approx 20,000 MW as given in Table-1. Despite this, almost 40% of the population is without electricity. Pakistan has been blessed with tremendous resources for electrical power generation with hydel, coal, renewable energy resources and Nuclear power. Hydel, coal potential of more than 40,000 MW and 10,000 MW are available but only 15% of hydroelectric potential has been harnessed so for where as only 150 MW power plant on indigenous coal has been set up. To exploit Pakistan hydel and coal resources for power generation large investments are needed which Pakistan economy can not afford. Govt. of Pakistan has created an organization of private power and infrastructure board (PPIB) to facilitate private sector in the participation of power generator. PPIB is tapping the resources and facilitating the private sector for establishment of power projects. Pakistan is collaborating with China for establishment of Nuclear Power Plants and plan to generate up to 10,000 MW by year 2025. Renewable energy resources are also required to be tapped. This paper will focus on the Pakistan power generation potential by utilizing local resources keeping in view the next 20 year supply and demand position.

scholarly journals Electricity Generation Options for a Future Low Carbon Energy Mix for Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Khor Cheng Seong ◽  
Lalchand Gulabrai
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Methane Recovery ◽  
Energy Mix

Malaysia’s electricity generation mix is mainly based on fossil fuels, particularly natural gas and coal with a smaller share of large hydroelectric and non-hydroelectric renewable energy resources. The present work aims to analyse and assess the ongoing search for alternatives to fossil fuel for electricity generation that the country has been pursuing both environmental preservation and national energy security considerations, thereby suggesting the way forward including potential options to be deliberated. This paper surveys alternative, both practical and theoretical that can be considered technically and economically attractive for Malaysia over the period to 2050. The overall national energy supply and demand situation are first analysed to develop projections that account for the role of renewable energy, particularly that of solar photovoltaic (PV). Next, the paper discusses the progress achieved, and the current status of the national solar PV industry presents the advantages or benefits offered and outlines the remaining challenges. In the same manner, electricity generation from the biogas produced from methane recovery in treating palm oil mill effluent (POME) is assessed. In the final analysis, the paper considers other potential low carbon power generation options to make up the Malaysian energy mix, which include small hydroelectricity, municipal solid waste decomposition in suitably-engineered landfills, nuclear energy using thorium-based technology, and renewable marine energy particularly ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), in tandem with savings expected from energy efficiency and conservation (EE&C) initiatives.

The Future of Nuclear Power Generation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Panchal ◽  
Igor Pioro
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Nuclear Reactors ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

Electrical power is a resource humans heavily rely on, and it has become a basic human need. Today, the major sources of electricity generation are fossil fuels, renewable energy, and nuclear power. This paper concentrates on electricity generated through nuclear power and compares it to the other electricity generation technologies. The objective behind this paper is to discover the impact that nuclear power has on the total electricity generated in Canada, and in addition on a global scale. The paper presents the current role that nuclear power plays in the global electricity generation, and also the expansions that need to be made in the nuclear power industry to fulfill the future electrical power demands. A number of projections have been made based on the current rate of nuclear reactors being put into operation, which is approximately 4 reactors per year, and current term of reactor operation, which is 45 years. These projections were made for the nuclear power in the world. A major outcome of this analysis projects that between 2030 and 2035, the number of operating nuclear reactors in the world can drop by 50%. If this dangerous trend is not addressed, we can lose a viable, and reliable source of energy. The datasets that were analyzed during the process were taken from multiple open literature sources such as journals, reports, and online databases. The paper presents a comparison between nuclear power and other energy sources, and the positive impact nuclear power can have on the world if needed advancements were made in building new nuclear power plants.

scholarly journals Role of Nuclear Electricity in Low Carbon Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-303
Author(s):  
S. M. Sirazam Sadekin ◽  
Sayma Zaman ◽  
M. A. Rashid Sarkar ◽  
Md. Altab Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Carbon Economy

To deal with climate change, low carbon economy is an utmost necessity for the present world. Energy requirement is growing faster exponentially in each decade. Over the long term some of the traditional sources (coal, gas, oil) have become inadequate to meet up the increasing demand. Current consumption rate of fossil fuel will make them extinct by year 2050 to 2100. Based on these facts nuclear power plant is a strategic choice to develop a clean energy. This paper presents - the role of nuclear electricity in low carbon economy. Though nuclear energy can't be called as 'carbon neutral' but it gives rise to much less emission of carbon dioxide than fossil fuels. Comparing with other energy structures, nuclear electricity chain emits a limited amount of greenhouse gas emission. Despite the uncertainty of building future nuclear power plants, this paper further discussed climate policies have larger impact than the policies that are against nuclear electricity production. The safety issue which is a public concern is also discussed here in short.

6. Other low-carbon technologies

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-92
Author(s):  
Nick Jelley
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Air Capture ◽  
Tidal Stream ◽  
Low Carbon Technologies ◽  
Fossil Fuel Power Plants

‘Other low-carbon technologies’ examines other low-carbon technologies, and sees how they fare against those already discussed in previous chapters. These are the renewables: tidal, wave, and geothermal power; and the low-carbon technologies of nuclear power and carbon capture. The contribution from tidal and wave power is small, with only a few tidal stream and underwater wave devices under development, and that the power from geothermal sources is potentially large, but difficult to extract. The deployment of nuclear power has been affected by concerns over its safety, the disposal of its waste, and its cost. By 2050, the total generation from all renewables and nuclear power could be close to 90 per cent of current global demand. While capture at fossil-fuel power plants looks uncompetitive, air capture through reforestation and through using chemical absorbers might remove 10 per cent of the emissions of carbon dioxide and help the world to be on target to achieve net-zero emissions.

Versatile Heat Source for Nuclear Gas Turbine and Hydrogen Production Facility

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin F. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Nuclear Plants

Recent media articles about nuclear power renaissance are encouraging, but this controversial topic is far from being embraced by major industrial powers. The fact is, that within the next two to three decades or so most of the first generation US nuclear power plants, currently producing about 20 percent of the nation’s electrical power, will be near the end of their design lives. In addition to providing needed power, a major argument put forward for the introduction of next generation smaller and safer nuclear plants relates to the growing concern about greenhouse gas emission and global warming. However, overcoming public and institutional resistance to nuclear power remains a formidable endeavor, and in reality the introduction of new plants in sufficient numbers to significantly impact the market will not be realized for several decades. Clearly vision is needed to define the requirements for new nuclear plants that will meet the needs of consumers by say the middle of the 21st century. Market forces will mandate changes in the energy supply sector, and to be in concert with environmental concerns new nuclear plants must have operational flexibility. In addition to economical electrical power, energy needs in the future could include hydrogen production in slgnificant quantity (for fuel cells in the transportation and power sectors) and fresh water by desalination for urban, industrial and agricultural users. The High Temperature Reactor (HTR) has the capability to meet these projected needs. With an established technology base, and successful plant operation in Germany, the helium cooled pebble bed reactor (PBR) must be regarded as a leading second generation nuclear plant. Operational versatility by virtue of its high temperature capability is assured, and high availability can be realized with its on-line refueling approach. While the multipurpose HTR may be several decades away from playing a significant rote in the commercial market place, this paper emphasizes the need for technical planning today to establish a nuclear heat source adaptable to both a high efficiency helium timed cycle gas turbine and large scale hydrogen production facilities, thus extending the role of nuclear power beyond just the supply of electrical power.

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