THE USE OF INDIRECTNESS AND TAG QUESTIONS BY POWERFUL AND FOWERLESS MEN AND WOMEN ON TRIALS: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA

EUIS RINA MULYANI

doi:10.24114/jalu.v10i4.31287

THE USE OF INDIRECTNESS AND TAG QUESTIONS BY POWERFUL AND FOWERLESS MEN AND WOMEN ON TRIALS: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA

LINGUISTICA ◽

10.24114/jalu.v10i4.31287 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 619

Author(s):

EUIS RINA MULYANI

Keyword(s):

Men And Women ◽

Indirect Speech ◽

Tag Questions

This study was aimed at investigating the use of indirectness and question tags in some Indonesian trials. The data were chosen randomly from YouTube’s videos. The subjects were twenty people consisting of judges, witnesses, and defendants (the accused). To analyze the data, the conversations of the videos were firstly transcribed verbatim. Then, they were analyzed using the framework of Thomas (1995) and Holmes (1984). The data showed that indirect speech style and question tags were more attached to powerful women.

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AN ANALYSIS OF WOMAN SPEECH FEATURES USED BY BELLA SWAN IN TWILIGHT BREAKING DAWN II MOVIE

Journal of Teaching English ◽

10.36709/jte.v5i2.13604 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 109

Author(s):

Ria Ulfa Handayani Muhu ◽

Lelly Suhartini ◽

Sitti Agustina

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Discourse Analysis ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Social Status ◽

Men And Women ◽

Language Style ◽

Speech Features ◽

Research Questions ◽

Tag Questions

Many factors influence men and women use of language. One of them is gender refering to the role and responsibilities of men and women created in society. People use different language style while having conversations with different people from different social status in society. This study focuses on woman language features used by Bella Swan in Twilight Breaking Dawn II Movie based on Lakoff study (1975). Design of research conducted was qualitative research. More specifically, the researcher applied discourse analysis to analyse the data. Researcher used Lakoff theory (1975) and Holmes theory (1986) to answer the research questions. Based on data analysis, eight out of ten women speech features from Bella utterances were found in the movie, they were lexical hedges/fillers, tag questions, rising intonation, ‘empty’ adjectives, intensifiers, emphatic stress, ‘hypercorrect' grammar, and ‘superpolite' forms. Meanwhile, avoidance of strong swear words, andprecise color termswere not found in the movie. The researcher identified three functions of woman speech features used by Bella Swan. They were to express uncertainty, to soften an utterance, and to express feelings or opinion.

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Piropos as metaphors for gender roles in Spanish speaking cultures

Pragmatics ◽

10.1075/prag.11.2.02ach ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 127-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mariana Achugar

Keyword(s):

Gender Roles ◽

Speech Act ◽

Men And Women ◽

Indirect Speech ◽

Spanish Speaking ◽

Speech Event ◽

Discourse Practices ◽

Cognitive Metaphor ◽

Indirect Speech Act ◽

Traditional Roles

This paper analyzes the piropo in Spanish discourse as a speech event and as cognitive metaphor. This form of indirect speech act represents a Spanish discourse tradition that is still present in today’s discourse practices of Spanish-speaking cultures. These piropos are seen as reflections in language of the traditional roles of men and women in Spanish speaking cultures. The roles of men and women as depicted in the analysis of piropos shows a very defined place for each sex in these societies. Women are constructed as passive recipients and reactive, men as active producers and initiators.

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Ultrastructural comparison of prolactin adenomas of pituitary in men and women

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100103796 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 346-347

Author(s):

R.C. Caughey ◽

U.P. Kalyan-Raman

Keyword(s):

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Phosphate Buffer ◽

Pituitary Adenomas ◽

Osmium Tetroxide ◽

Secretory Granules ◽

Uranyl Acetate ◽

En Bloc ◽

Men And Women ◽

Transmission Electron

Prolactin producing pituitary adenomas are ultrastructurally characterized by secretory granules varying in size (150-300nm), abundance of endoplasmic reticulum, and misplaced exocytosis. They are also subclassified as sparsely or densely granulated according to the amount of granules present. The hormone levels in men and women vary, being higher in men; so also the symptoms vary between both sexes. In order to understand this variation, we studied 21 prolactin producing pituitary adenomas by transmission electron microscope. This was out of a total of 80 pituitary adenomas. There were 6 men and 15 women in this group of 21 prolactinomas.All of the pituitary adenomas were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, rinsed in Millonig's phosphate buffer, and post fixed with 1% osmium tetroxide. They were then en bloc stained with 0.5% uranyl acetate, rinsed with Walpole's non-phosphate buffer, dehydrated with graded series of ethanols and embedded with Epon 812 epoxy resin.

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Race Difference in Auditory Sensitivity

Journal of Speech and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.0704.389 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 389-393 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

David C. Shepherd ◽

Robert Goldstein ◽

Benjamin Rosenblüt

Keyword(s):

White Women ◽

White Men ◽

Sensitivity Study ◽

Auditory Sensitivity ◽

Race Difference ◽

Men And Women ◽

Auditory Thresholds ◽

Békésy Audiometry ◽

Method Of Adjustment ◽

Better Than

Two separate studies investigated race and sex differences in normal auditory sensitivity. Study I measured thresholds at 500, 1000, and 2000 cps of 23 white men, 26 white women, 21 negro men, and 24 negro women using the method of limits. In Study II thresholds of 10 white men, 10 white women, 10 negro men, and 10 negro women were measured at 1000 cps using four different stimulus conditions and the method of adjustment by means of Bekesy audiometry. Results indicated that the white men and women in Study I heard significantly better than their negro counterparts at 1000 and 2000 cps. There were no significant differences between the average thresholds measured at 1000 cps of the white and negro men in Study II. White women produced better auditory thresholds with three stimulus conditions and significantly more sensitive thresholds with the slow pulsed stimulus than did the negro women in Study II.

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