scholarly journals Intra-Industry Competitiveness of the European Union Member States by Industry in 2004–2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 5-23
Author(s):  
Wojciech Polan
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Union Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Competitive Position ◽  
Industry Trade ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Measurement Methodology ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

The article aims to present the results of research into changes in the international competitive position of the European Union Member States in the period 2004–2015 on the basis of analysing the development of particular types of intra-industry trade (IIT) of manufactured goods. The investigation was based on the IIT share measurement methodology (Grubel, Lloyd 1975) and calculations of types of intra-industry trade (Greenaway, Hine, Milner 1994, 1995). Multilateral IIT indices were computed at the 6-digit CN code level on the basis of data published by Eurostat. As part of a larger research project funded by the National Science Centre, this analysis contributes to the assessment of the degree of intra-industry specialisation of the EU Member States and the resulting changes in the international competitive position of the economies covered.

scholarly journals The formation of interstate and cross-border scientific-educational and innovative spaces between Ukraine and the European Union member states in the digital economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viacheslav Lyashenko ◽  
Iryna Pidorycheva
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

By signing the Association Agreement between the EU and Ukraine, Ukraine has demonstrated its intention and willingness to integrate into the system of formal institutions of the EU, to adopt the EU rules, norms, and practices, which will enable Ukraine to achieve significant economic benefits. One of those benefits is the opportunity to build a true scientific-educational and innovative partnership with the EU Member States within the European Research Area. This study considers opportunities and perspectives of creating an interstate and cross-border scientific-educational and innovative spaces between Ukraine as an associated country and the European Union Member States taking into account key priorities of the ERA and rapidly growing impact of digital technologies. Particular attention has been given to the establishment of a common Polish-Ukrainian scientific-educational space which could be complemented by the entrepreneurial component. The article has identified opportunities, existing prerequisites, directions, and priorities for building Polish-Ukrainian spaces. It has also defined the challenges of formation the European interstate and cross-border scientific-educational and innovative spaces as a whole. It has been suggested to develop hereinafter an interstate and cross-border high-tech clusters based on the interstate and cross-border scientific-educational and innovative spaces. The scheme and the main steps of formation a cross-border cluster of nano- and biotechnologies are proposed.

The (Rebuttable) Presumption of the European Union Member States as ‘Safe Countries’ under the Dublin Regulation

2012 ◽  
pp. 240-255
Author(s):  
Cristina Contartese
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Member State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
European Court ◽  
Dublin Regulation ◽  
Effective Remedy ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

The purpose of this chapter is to analyze a particular aspect of the so-called Dublin Regulation, whose aim is to determine the European Union (EU) Member State responsible for examining an asylum application, that is, the presumption that the EU Member States are “safe countries.” Although the notion of “safe country” is on the base of the Dublin Regulation functioning mechanism, as it implies that any EU Member States can transfer an asylum seeker to any other EU country which is responsible, the authors contend that the safety of an EU Member State can be given as presumed for the purpose of asylum seekers. The analysis of the present work starts, firstly, with the examination of the notion of “safe country” under the Dublin Regulation. In the second part, relying on the European Court of Human Rights’ (ECHR) case-law, it will be discussed to what extent the Court of Strasbourg clarifies the notion of “safe countries” and the test it applies to it. Finally, the Commission’s proposal for a recasting of the Dublin Regulation will be analysed with the aim of foresee possible future developments of the EU law mechanisms to rebut such a presumption as applied to the EU Member States. It will emerge that in order to assess the safety of an EU Member State, attention has to be given to the prohibition of both direct and indirect refoulement as well as to the effective remedy at the EU Member State’s domestic level.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF SOFT LAW IN THE CONVERGENCE OF PENSION POLICIES OF EU MEMBER STATES

2017 ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Milena Nikolić
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Soft Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Great Heterogeneity ◽  
European Union Member States

The failure of the European Union to harmonize the pension policies of its Member States and tighten the policy of budget deficit and public debt control have intensified the efforts to find a new way to regulate this area. Instead of harmonizing the Member States’ pension policies, the European Union has decided to take action aimed at their convergence. Given that the great heterogeneity of the Member States’ pension systems and policies made the implementation of the hard law infeasible, soft law has been implemented for regulating this area. The aim of this paper is to determine the effect of soft law regulation on the convergence of pension policies of the European Union Member States and assess its impact on the achievement of common defined objectives: sustainability and adequacy of pension systems, as well as modernization of pension systems.

Political Cleavages across Nations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell J. Dalton
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Union Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Election Study ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Social ◽  
European Election ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Cross National

This chapter focuses on the variations in cleavage politics across the European Union member states. The analyses compare the structure of issue positions across nations to see if the set of issues defining the economic and cultural cleavages are comparable. While there is some cross-national variation, both cleavages are evident across the European Union. The social group positions on both cleavages are also broadly similar across nations. The chapter then examines the social correlates of cleavage positions to see if factors such as the economic structure or the religious composition of societies affect group alignments. The results emphasize the commonality of the basic patterns for the EU overall to the pattern in specific member states. The analyses are primarily based on the 2009 European Election Study.

scholarly journals Legislative principles of information security provision in the European Union member states

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Ivan Bratsuk ◽  
Svyatoslav Kavin
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Union Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
National Programs ◽  
State Programs ◽  
Legal Mechanism ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

The article is dedicated to the study of the information security provision in the EU Member States in the context of analyzing their state programs, national programs as well as regulatory legal acts. This study identifies priorities and gaps in the information security provision in the EU Member States, analyzes special features of the institutional and legal mechanism of information security in the EU Member States in the context of the multi-vector international security system. The expediency of developing an integral coordinated information policy of the EU Member States, aimed at unification of the approaches to information security, is substantiated, as well as the experience of the EU Member States in this field aimed at improving the domestic regulatory framework of information security provision is studied.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN THE PROFITABILITY OF FARMS IN EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER STATES – CONVERGENCE OR DIVERGENCE?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna NOWAK ◽  
Artur KRUKOWSKI ◽  
Hanna KLIKOCKA
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Union Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Member States ◽  
Relative Index ◽  
Farm Accountancy Data Network ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

This paper aimed at evaluating the differences within the European Union (EU) regarding profitability of farms and answering the question whether in 2007-2015 any trends at convergence of their income position occurred between member states. The survey covered farms maintaining farm accounts under FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network) in 27 member states of the EU. Convergence was evaluated based on the coefficient of variation (sigma convergence) and the relative index of variation in respective member states of the EU in comparison to the EU average in the analyzed period (beta convergence). The surveys point to large disparities in the level of profitability between farms in European Union member states. The highest profitability of work was recorded in countries such as Luxembourg, Netherlands, Ireland, Italy and Belgium. In all new member states the analyzed ratio was relatively low and none of them exceeded the average level for the EU. In 2015 the lowest profitability of land was characteristic of Slovakia, Estonia and Denmark, whereas the highest income per 1 ha was achieved by agricultural producers in Malta, Italy and Greece. In the analysed period no clear trends were observed in convergence or in profitability of work or profitability of land, which means that inequalities between countries with a different level of agricultural development did not disappear.

scholarly journals Youth Employment Trends and Prospects in the European Union: A Comparative Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
Asta Visockaitė ◽  
Audronė Urmanavičienė
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Youth Employment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Employment Trends ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

<p><em>Youth employment is of great importance and relevance nowadays. The article analyses the issues of youth employment among the Member states of the European Union. According to the statistics and research data provided by the World Bank and Eurostat the situation of youth employment among the European Union member states and all across the Globe is deteriorating. The article focuses on analysing the programmes and initiatives of the European Union competent institutions and Member states of the European Union which aim to decrease the rates of youth unemployment.</em></p><p><em>Aim of the study: </em><em>to evaluate the programs and initiatives aiming to decrease youth unemployment which are currently being implemented by the Institutions and Member states of the European Union.</em></p><p><em>Methods of the study: </em><em>secondary<strong> </strong>analysis of the collected data (general overview).</em><em> </em></p><p><em>Results: </em><em>programs and measures aiming to decrease the youth unemployment rates in the EU Member states are being vastly initiated and implemented since early 2010. With the endorsement of the Plan to tackle and reduce youth unemployment rates, which foresees to accelerate the implementation of the Youth Employment and the Youth Guarantee initiatives, various youth employment promotional tools are being applied among the Member states. After analyzing and evaluating the aforementioned programs and initiatives carried out by the Institutions and Member states of the European Union, general tendencies of decreasing the youth unemployment rates may be determined.</em><em> </em></p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Introducing the EU exit index measuring each member state’s propensity to leave the European Union

2021 ◽  
pp. 146511652110001
Author(s):  
Markus Gastinger
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Union Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Member States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Propensity To Leave ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

Which member states could leave the European Union in the years ahead? To answer this question, I develop the ‘EU Exit Index’ measuring the exit propensities of all European Union member states. The index highlights that the United Kingdom was an outlier and uniquely positioned to leave the European Union. While all other states are far behind the United Kingdom, the index still reveals substantial variation among them. Moreover, the index allows monitoring the development of exit propensities over time. It shows that the European Union is in better shape today than before the Brexit referendum and that, currently, no further exits are on the horizon. Still, this could change in the future and the EU Exit Index provides systematic and reproducible measurements to track this development.

scholarly journals Statistical analysis of trade relations of Romania with the EU member states

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenia Harja ◽  
Ancuta Stangaciu
Keyword(s):  
Member State ◽  
Union Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Import Trade ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
Trade Partners ◽  
The Eu

This study was done to analyse the structure in teritorial profile of the commercial relations of Romania compared to the European Union member states for year 2011. Based on the value of export and import trade flows for each EU member state with Romania and using statistical methods of analysis, there were subjected to processing existing information to determine the spatial distribution of foreign trade in the perspective of key trade partners Community market. As indicators such as trade balance and coverage of imports by exports is a proof to the effectiveness of trade relations between Romania and the EU Member States, there were also calculated the mentioned indicators for each Member State.

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