scholarly journals Legislative principles of information security provision in the European Union member states

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Ivan Bratsuk ◽  
Svyatoslav Kavin
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Union Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
National Programs ◽  
State Programs ◽  
Legal Mechanism ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

The article is dedicated to the study of the information security provision in the EU Member States in the context of analyzing their state programs, national programs as well as regulatory legal acts. This study identifies priorities and gaps in the information security provision in the EU Member States, analyzes special features of the institutional and legal mechanism of information security in the EU Member States in the context of the multi-vector international security system. The expediency of developing an integral coordinated information policy of the EU Member States, aimed at unification of the approaches to information security, is substantiated, as well as the experience of the EU Member States in this field aimed at improving the domestic regulatory framework of information security provision is studied.

scholarly journals Statistical analysis of trade relations of Romania with the EU member states

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenia Harja ◽  
Ancuta Stangaciu
Keyword(s):  
Member State ◽  
Union Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Import Trade ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
Trade Partners ◽  
The Eu

This study was done to analyse the structure in teritorial profile of the commercial relations of Romania compared to the European Union member states for year 2011. Based on the value of export and import trade flows for each EU member state with Romania and using statistical methods of analysis, there were subjected to processing existing information to determine the spatial distribution of foreign trade in the perspective of key trade partners Community market. As indicators such as trade balance and coverage of imports by exports is a proof to the effectiveness of trade relations between Romania and the EU Member States, there were also calculated the mentioned indicators for each Member State.

scholarly journals Intra-Industry Competitiveness of the European Union Member States by Industry in 2004–2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 5-23
Author(s):  
Wojciech Polan
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Union Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Competitive Position ◽  
Industry Trade ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Measurement Methodology ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

The article aims to present the results of research into changes in the international competitive position of the European Union Member States in the period 2004–2015 on the basis of analysing the development of particular types of intra-industry trade (IIT) of manufactured goods. The investigation was based on the IIT share measurement methodology (Grubel, Lloyd 1975) and calculations of types of intra-industry trade (Greenaway, Hine, Milner 1994, 1995). Multilateral IIT indices were computed at the 6-digit CN code level on the basis of data published by Eurostat. As part of a larger research project funded by the National Science Centre, this analysis contributes to the assessment of the degree of intra-industry specialisation of the EU Member States and the resulting changes in the international competitive position of the economies covered.

scholarly journals Review of the Construction Labour Demand and Shortages in the EU

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Belinda Brucker Juricic ◽  
Mario Galic ◽  
Sasa Marenjak
Keyword(s):  
Free Movement ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Member States ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Free Movement Of Workers ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

This paper reviews the recent literature on skill and labour shortages in the labour market with special emphasis on the construction sector in the European Union Member States, foreseeing the Construction 4.0 era. The free movement of people is one of the rights of all citizens of the EU which also includes the free movement of workers. Labour shortages in the EU are expected to increase in the future due to a declining population and an ageing workforce. In order to recognize and forecast labour shortages, EU Member states use a variety of instruments but they do not answer as to whether it is possible to use migrant labour to appease those shortages. There are several systems used to classify labour shortages in the EU Member states. Most of the countries classify labour shortages in relation to different sectors or occupation groups as well as by skill levels, but in some Member States, classification is made according to the type of employment. Instruments used to measure labour shortages significantly differ from country to country. Several criteria are used for creating lists of shortage occupations and most of the criteria include demand side and supply side criteria. A majority of the Member States are facing labour and skill shortages in various sectors and the construction sector is not an exception. As total employment in the construction sector decreased, so did the share of employed migrants. Labour shortages in the construction sector can be eased by the availability of a labour supply willing to accept unqualified and low-paying jobs. The construction sector seeks low-, medium-, and high-skilled individuals and is most likely the sector where most of the incoming migrants will be working, which has an impact on the development and implementation dynamic of Construction 4.0.

scholarly journals Analysing the Power of the European Union’s Diplomatic Service: Do the eu Member States Control the European External Action Service?

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hrant Kostanyan
Keyword(s):  
External Action ◽  
Principal Agent ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Agent Model ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Principal Agent Model ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

By applying the rational choice principal–agent model, this article examines the European Union member states’ principal control of the European External Action Service (eeas) agent. More specifically, the article applies mechanisms of agency monitoring, control and sanctions that are inherent in the principal–agent model to analyse the establishment and functioning of the eeas. These mechanisms aim to ensure the eeas’s compliance with its mandate, thereby curtailing its ability to pursue own objectives that are independent from the principal. The findings reveal that the eeas is tightly controlled by the eu member states. Moreover the European Commission has tools to exercise horizontal checks vis-à-vis the eeas. The application of the principal–agent model to control the eeas is not without its limits. The model falls short of conceptualizing the role of the European Parliament, which remains an outlier to this model.

scholarly journals The formation of interstate and cross-border scientific-educational and innovative spaces between Ukraine and the European Union member states in the digital economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viacheslav Lyashenko ◽  
Iryna Pidorycheva
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

By signing the Association Agreement between the EU and Ukraine, Ukraine has demonstrated its intention and willingness to integrate into the system of formal institutions of the EU, to adopt the EU rules, norms, and practices, which will enable Ukraine to achieve significant economic benefits. One of those benefits is the opportunity to build a true scientific-educational and innovative partnership with the EU Member States within the European Research Area. This study considers opportunities and perspectives of creating an interstate and cross-border scientific-educational and innovative spaces between Ukraine as an associated country and the European Union Member States taking into account key priorities of the ERA and rapidly growing impact of digital technologies. Particular attention has been given to the establishment of a common Polish-Ukrainian scientific-educational space which could be complemented by the entrepreneurial component. The article has identified opportunities, existing prerequisites, directions, and priorities for building Polish-Ukrainian spaces. It has also defined the challenges of formation the European interstate and cross-border scientific-educational and innovative spaces as a whole. It has been suggested to develop hereinafter an interstate and cross-border high-tech clusters based on the interstate and cross-border scientific-educational and innovative spaces. The scheme and the main steps of formation a cross-border cluster of nano- and biotechnologies are proposed.

scholarly journals An evaluation and analysis framework of integration policies as exemplified by foreigner integration policies — the experiences of selected European states

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kulesa
Keyword(s):  
Union Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Integration Policies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
European Union Member States

The subject of the considerations undertaken in the article is evaluation and analysis of integration policy, i.e. the one that concerns the integration of foreigners. Integration is understood as a dynamic, two-way process of mutual accommodation by all immigrants and residents of the European Union Member States (EU MS). The article aims at deepening the reflection on what it means to evaluate and analyse the integration policy defined this way as well as presenting the attempts to develop relevant frameworks in selected EU Member States.

The (Rebuttable) Presumption of the European Union Member States as ‘Safe Countries’ under the Dublin Regulation

2012 ◽  
pp. 240-255
Author(s):  
Cristina Contartese
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Member State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
European Court ◽  
Dublin Regulation ◽  
Effective Remedy ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

The purpose of this chapter is to analyze a particular aspect of the so-called Dublin Regulation, whose aim is to determine the European Union (EU) Member State responsible for examining an asylum application, that is, the presumption that the EU Member States are “safe countries.” Although the notion of “safe country” is on the base of the Dublin Regulation functioning mechanism, as it implies that any EU Member States can transfer an asylum seeker to any other EU country which is responsible, the authors contend that the safety of an EU Member State can be given as presumed for the purpose of asylum seekers. The analysis of the present work starts, firstly, with the examination of the notion of “safe country” under the Dublin Regulation. In the second part, relying on the European Court of Human Rights’ (ECHR) case-law, it will be discussed to what extent the Court of Strasbourg clarifies the notion of “safe countries” and the test it applies to it. Finally, the Commission’s proposal for a recasting of the Dublin Regulation will be analysed with the aim of foresee possible future developments of the EU law mechanisms to rebut such a presumption as applied to the EU Member States. It will emerge that in order to assess the safety of an EU Member State, attention has to be given to the prohibition of both direct and indirect refoulement as well as to the effective remedy at the EU Member State’s domestic level.

scholarly journals Regulatory and Legal Enforcement of Cyber Security in Countries of the European Union: The Experience of Germany and France

Teisė ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 135-147
Author(s):  
Sviatoslav Kavyn ◽  
Ivan Bratsuk ◽  
Anatoliy Lytvynenko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Information Security ◽  
National Security ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Vector System ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Eu

This article is devoted to the study of information security in the EU member states, in particular Germany and France, in the context of the analysis of their national legislation, state, national programs and regulations. Particular attention is paid to the study of the features of regulatory and legal security of information security of Germany and France in the context of the study of their national legislation in terms of economic security as an inherent component of national security. In the course of this study the peculiarities of the functioning of the institutional and legal mechanism of cyber defense in the context of the multi-vector system of international security and legal regulation of international cooperation are analyzed. The article substantiates the expediency of developing an integrated, coordinated information policy of the EU member states in order to unify approaches to information security.At the same time, the current realities of European Union policy require comprehensive research in the context of ensuring national interests, developing effective mechanisms for protecting the information space, and legal mechanisms for shaping the economic system as a strategic factor of national security. Accordingly, the approaches to information security adopted in the European Union are currently not unified due to the geopolitical specifics of the EU’s countries. Therefore, the research, evaluation, and implementation of the positive experience of Germany and France in this area, according to the authors, is important in building the information security system of the European Union in the context of reliable protection against cyber threats.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF SOFT LAW IN THE CONVERGENCE OF PENSION POLICIES OF EU MEMBER STATES

2017 ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Milena Nikolić
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Soft Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Great Heterogeneity ◽  
European Union Member States

The failure of the European Union to harmonize the pension policies of its Member States and tighten the policy of budget deficit and public debt control have intensified the efforts to find a new way to regulate this area. Instead of harmonizing the Member States’ pension policies, the European Union has decided to take action aimed at their convergence. Given that the great heterogeneity of the Member States’ pension systems and policies made the implementation of the hard law infeasible, soft law has been implemented for regulating this area. The aim of this paper is to determine the effect of soft law regulation on the convergence of pension policies of the European Union Member States and assess its impact on the achievement of common defined objectives: sustainability and adequacy of pension systems, as well as modernization of pension systems.

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