scholarly journals AODV-UI Proof of Concept on MIPS-based Wireless Router

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
B. Anantasatya Adhi ◽  
Ruki Harwahyu ◽  
Abdusy Syarif ◽  
Harris Simaremare ◽  
R. Fitri Sari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Wireless Router ◽  
Hardware Configuration ◽  
Aodv Routing Protocol

AODV routing protocol facilitates changing and simple-to-setup network environment. It helps setting up a network without sufficient infrastructure, such as in disaster area. Development of AODV protocol has gathered a worldwide research interest. However, not many researches implement AODV routing protocol in real mobile nodes and real MANET. In addition, real implementation deals with other works concerning underlying protocol, firmware and hardware configuration, as well as detailed topology both in logical and physical arrangement. This work aims to implements Ad-hoc On-demand Distant Vector – particularly University of Indonesia AODV (AODV-UI) routing protocol on low-end inexpensive generic wireless routers as a proof of concept. AODV-UI is an improved version of AODV routing protocol that implements gateway interconnection and reverse route capability. This routing protocol has been previously successfully tested in NS-2. In this work, current AODV-UI protocol is ported to OpenWRT + MIPS (Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages) little endian architecture then tested on the real networking environment. Underlying media access layer is also altered to provide the protocol greater control over the network. Performance of this implementation is measured in terms of energy consumption, routing overhead, end-to-end delay, protocol reliability and packet delivery ratio.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of ECDSA Based SE-AODV Routing Protocol In VANETS

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.16) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Deepak . ◽  
Rajkumar .
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
The People ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Aodv Routing Protocol

Vehicular ad hoc networks is an emerging area for researchers to provide intelligent transportation system to the society. It is due to the wide area of applications of VANETs interest is developed among the people from different countries to be a part of it. Therefore many projects had been started and also presently working to implement VANETs in real world scenario. The main challenge in its implementation is to provide a secure mechanism against the various attacks and threats that have the capability to bring the network performance significantly down. In this paper to overcome different types of authentication based attacks in VANETs an ECDSA based secure routing protocol SE-AODV is proposed with security features incorporated in already existing AODV routing protocol. The performance of SE-AODV is evaluated and compared with original AODV and AODV with black hole attack (BH-AODV). The SE-AODV shows better performance with the parameters used for comparison with the variation in vehicle density, speed of vehicles and simulation time. 

The Robustness of RM-DSR Multipath Routing Protocol with Different Network Size in MANET

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-57
Author(s):  
Naseer Ali Husieen ◽  
Suhaidi Hassan ◽  
Osman Ghazali ◽  
Lelyzar Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Route Maintenance ◽  
Dynamic Source

This paper evaluates the performance of Reliable Multipath Dynamic Source Routing Protocol (RM-DSR) protocol with different network size compared to DSR protocol. RM-DSR developed in the mobile ad-hoc network to recover from the transient failure quickly and divert the data packets into a new route before the link is disconnected. The performance of RM-DSR protocol is tested in the Network Simulator (NS-2.34) under the random way point mobility model with varying number of mobile nodes. The network size parameter is used to investigate the robustness and the efficiency of RM-DSR protocol compared to DSR protocol. The network size affects the time of the route discovery process during the route establishment and the route maintenance process which could influence the overall performance of the routing protocol. The simulation results indicate that RM-DSR outperforms DSR in terms of the packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, end-to-end delay, normalized routing load and packet drop.

scholarly journals Energy and Time Efficient Route Discovery in Manet using Modified Aodv Routing Protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1697-1701
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Aodv Routing Protocol

In MANET usually nodes interact with each other either directly or by relaying nodes depending on whether nodes present are in vicinity of each other or not respectively. There are different routing protocols which work on the principle either of demand or not. AODV is a reactive routing protocol which performs on the strategy of shortest hop in its vicinity. Sometimes there is a route failure in network then some message is sent to the node if reply is not received with in time frame then for sure path is broken. So it is wastage of time and energy of all the participating nodes. Main reason behind the node failure is the sustaining energy of the participating nodes in the communication. Since nodes which have very less energy gets consumed when these try to send either data or reply to and from the nodes. Sometimes a node has minimum energy to send data. As soon as it sends data it is switched off and does not send delivery successful reply to the originating network. So in this case network thinks path is broken so message is again sent to another path. So here it again there is loss of energy of other communicating node and also wastage of time to send data to nodes. In this research work, an energy and time efficient approach will be proposed which will save time as well as energy of remaining nodes which further utilizes all the known linked paths simultaneously for transmitting data with the help of AODV routing protocol. Different simulation parameters are used to check the accuracy of approach. Simulation is performed on NS-3. There will be 50 to 100 nodes in the topology. Performance metrics like throughput, energy deviation, packet lost, packet delivery ratio and other will be used for performance checking with respect to standard AODV routing protocol. This research work provides the improvements to the existing algorithms of communication among network nodes in mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET) to obtain better results.

scholarly journals Identifying and Improving the Malicious Behavior of Rushing and Blackhole Attacks using Proposed IDSAODV Protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 6554-6562
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Wireless Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Aodv Routing Protocol

Wireless Ad hoc Network is established by a collection of mobile nodes without any fixed infrastructure, where each node plays a role of the router. There are not any centralize control to handle the routing process of network, due to the dynamic tropology and infrastructure less network the network is vulnerable to various kinds of attacks. Therefore, numerous proactive, reactive and hybrid routing protocols have been recommended, among which one of the well-known a protocol is AODV due to its high-performance gain. This research work contributes towards mitigating network layer attacks on routing protocols in Wireless Ad hoc Networks. Problem and it's security issues because its consequences and existing mechanisms for detection and prevention with the context of AODV protocol is a challenge in Wireless Ad hoc Network, particularly in MANET and Sensor network. We present an AODV based secure routing algorithm for detection and prevention of different network layer attacks such as blackhole and rushing attacks. We use different types of security parameters like node sequence numbers, hop count, trust value, path value, acknowledge time, the threshold value and ALERT packet message to design a secure algorithm for AODV routing protocol. It shows enactment evaluation of AODV with the enhanced secure routing algorithm and existing routing algorithm through simulations which will confirm the effectiveness and accuracy of the algorithm by considering performance metrics like throughput, packet delivery ratio and end to end delay. Using network simulator NS-2.35 the experimental results have been shown an improvement in throughput, packet delivery ratio (PDR), and end to end delay using IDSAODV and results are compared with normal AODV routing protocol for blackhole and rushing attacks. The comparative results have been also shown with proposed IDSAODV and existing method

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of MANET routing protocols based on QoS and energy parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3635
Author(s):  
Salma S. Mohamed ◽  
Abdel-Fatah I. Abdel-Fatah ◽  
Mohamed A. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
The Impact

Routing selection and supporting Quality of Service (QoS) are fundamental problems in Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET). Many different protocols have been proposed in the literature and some performance simulations are made to address this challenging task. This paper discusses the performance evaluation and comparison of two typical routing protocols; Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector (DSDV) based on measuring the power consumption in network with varing of the QoS parameters. In this paper, we have studied and analyzed the impact of variations in QoS parameter combined with the choice of routing protocol, on network performance. The network performance is measured in terms of average throughput, packet delivery ratio (PDR), average jitter and energy consumption. The simulations are carried out in NS-3. The simulation results show that DSDV and AODV routing protocols are less energy efficient. The main aim of this paper is to highlight the directions for the future design of routing protocol which would be better than the existing ones in terms of energy utilization and delivery ratio.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Routing Metrics in the LOADng Routing Protocol

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose V. V. Sobral ◽  
Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues ◽  
Neeraj Kumar ◽  
Chunsheng Zhu ◽  
Raja W. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Traffic Patterns ◽  
Routing Metric ◽  
Lossy Networks ◽  
Routing Metrics ◽  
Average Latency

LOADng (Lightweight On-demand Ad hoc Distance-vector Routing Protocol - Next Generation) is an emerging routing protocol that emerged as an alternative to RPL (IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low power and Lossy Networks). Although some work has been dedicated to study LOADng, these works do not analyze the performance of this protocol with different routing metrics. A routing metric is responsible for defining values for paths during the route creation process. Moreover, based on these metrics information a routing protocol will select the path to forward a message. Thus, this work aims to realize a performance assessment study considering different routing metrics applied to LOADng. The scenarios under study consider different traffic patterns and network sizes. The routing metrics are evaluated considering the packet delivery ratio, average energy spent per bit delivered, average latency, and number of hops. The results reveals that routing metrics used by this protocol may influence (directly) the network performance.

scholarly journals Energy-Efficient Check-and-Spray Geocast Routing Protocol for Opportunistic Networks

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 504
Author(s):  
Khuram Khalid ◽  
Isaac Woungang ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Dhurandher ◽  
Jagdeep Singh ◽  
Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Opportunistic Networks ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Node Mobility ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Hop Count

Opportunistic networks (OppNets) are a type of challenged network where there is no guaranteed of end-to-path between the nodes for data delivery because of intermittent connectivity, node mobility and frequent topology changes. In such an environment, the routing of data is a challenge since the battery power of the mobile nodes drains out quickly because of multi-routing activities such as scanning, transmitting, receiving, and computational processing, effecting the overall network performance. In this paper, a novel routing protocol for OppNets called Energy-Efficient Check-and-Spray Geocast Routing (EECSG) is proposed, which introduces an effective way of message distribution in the geocasting region to all residing nodes while saving the energy consumption by restricting the unnecessary packet transmission in that region. A Check-and-Spray technique is also introduced to eliminate the overhead of packets in the geocast region. The proposed EECSG is evaluated by simulations and compared against the Efficient and Flexible Geocasting for Opportunistic Networks (GSAF) and the Centrality- Based Geocasting for Opportunistic networks (CGOPP) routing protocols in terms of average latency, delivery ratio, number of messages forwarded, number of dead nodes, overhead ratio, and hop count, showing superior performance.

Research of the Network Routing Optimization Based on AODV

2015 ◽  
Vol 713-715 ◽  
pp. 2308-2311
Author(s):  
Zhong Zong
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Link Quality ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Routing Optimization ◽  
Local Path ◽  
Aodv Routing Protocol

In the protocol of Ad Hoc network, the AODV routing protocol is the on-demand distance vector routing protocol. Because of its low cost and simple realizing, it is the hot point of wireless ad hoc network researches. This paper researches the mechanism of the AODV routing protocol, analyses its limitations and proposes a pre-judgment based on the link quality. It avoids using the local path restoration algorithm AODV-LQP in unstable area. Before the break of the low quality link, starting the link reparation will avoid the restoration in data transportation. The simulation experiment shows that the improved algorithm reduces the average time delay of end to end, and augments the packet delivery ratio.

scholarly journals Deterministic Directed Flooding Scheme (D2FS) for Inter-Cluster Flooding in Mobile Adhoc Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S2) ◽  
pp. 1051-1057
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Communication Overhead ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Forwarding Set

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) comprises a collection of numerous mobile nodes that communicates with one other with no dependence on any predefined infrastructure in the network. The characteristics of MANET such as independent, wireless, and self-configuration of MANETs allows the suitability of various application scenarios. Cluster based Flooding is an important issue in the design of MANET where it is an order to manage data traffic as it utilizes a set of chosen nodes to transmit data between two nodes. MANET networks frequently structured with mobile devices for enabling data transmission. An essential process of selecting forwarding set in the inter-cluster flooding. The routing protocol employ in the network often defines the energy efficiency and network performance in ad hoc networks. This paper presents a new deterministic directed flooding scheme (D2FS) for effectively choose the forwarding set for effective inter-cluster flooding. In addition, a Cluster Based Flooding utilizing Fuzzy Logic Scheme (CBF2S) to effectively transmit data is also presented. The devised D2FS model is tested using NS2 tool with respect to the existence of diverse hop counts. An extensive experimentation takes place to prove the superiority of the D2FS with respect to overhead, communication overhead, traffic load, packet delivery ratio and end to end delay.

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