scholarly journals Identifying and Improving the Malicious Behavior of Rushing and Blackhole Attacks using Proposed IDSAODV Protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 6554-6562
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Wireless Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Aodv Routing Protocol

Wireless Ad hoc Network is established by a collection of mobile nodes without any fixed infrastructure, where each node plays a role of the router. There are not any centralize control to handle the routing process of network, due to the dynamic tropology and infrastructure less network the network is vulnerable to various kinds of attacks. Therefore, numerous proactive, reactive and hybrid routing protocols have been recommended, among which one of the well-known a protocol is AODV due to its high-performance gain. This research work contributes towards mitigating network layer attacks on routing protocols in Wireless Ad hoc Networks. Problem and it's security issues because its consequences and existing mechanisms for detection and prevention with the context of AODV protocol is a challenge in Wireless Ad hoc Network, particularly in MANET and Sensor network. We present an AODV based secure routing algorithm for detection and prevention of different network layer attacks such as blackhole and rushing attacks. We use different types of security parameters like node sequence numbers, hop count, trust value, path value, acknowledge time, the threshold value and ALERT packet message to design a secure algorithm for AODV routing protocol. It shows enactment evaluation of AODV with the enhanced secure routing algorithm and existing routing algorithm through simulations which will confirm the effectiveness and accuracy of the algorithm by considering performance metrics like throughput, packet delivery ratio and end to end delay. Using network simulator NS-2.35 the experimental results have been shown an improvement in throughput, packet delivery ratio (PDR), and end to end delay using IDSAODV and results are compared with normal AODV routing protocol for blackhole and rushing attacks. The comparative results have been also shown with proposed IDSAODV and existing method

Research and Improvement of Clustering Routing Algorithm in Ad Hoc Network

2013 ◽  
Vol 834-836 ◽  
pp. 1087-1090
Author(s):  
Ping Zong ◽  
Jun Qin
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ant Colony Algorithm ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Routing Overhead ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Network Scalability

With the expansion of the network, especially in the case of the nodes frequently moving, clustering routing protocol can reduce the impact of the changed topology on routing protocols, and improve the network scalability and reduce routing overhead. Based on the analysis of the problems of CBRP clustering routing protocol, this paper presents a CRBAC clustering routing algorithm based on ant colony algorithm. The simulation results show that, in the circumstance that the algorithm doesnt significantly increase the routing overhead, improved clustering routing protocol CRBAC get better performance than CBRP. They reflect on the clusters structure more reasonable and stable, the average end-to-end delay and network lifetime significantly improved.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of DSR and TORA Model Routing Protocols In Vehicular Ad Hoc Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Linna Oktaviana Sari ◽  
Agusurio Azmi ◽  
Ery Safrianti ◽  
Feranita Jalil
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End

Pekanbaru city is a large area, therefore traffic congestion often occurs due to the density of society’s vehicles. From this problem, it is needed a technology that can exchange information between vehicles. Information Technology that can involve many vehicles with special network types without dependence on an infrastructure is Ad Hoc Network. One type of this network is Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET). VANET is a new concept in enabling communication between Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V). For efficient data packet delivery, VANET requires a routing protocol. In this research, for simulated and analyzed performance is used the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) protocol. NS-2 is used to simulated a moved nodes, SUMO software is used to simulated real map of SKA Mall crossroad and parameter the quality of performance routing protocol DSR can determined by End to End Delay, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and Routing Overhead (RO). This simulation uses scenario 100 nodes, 150 nodes, 200 nodes and 250 nodes. The simulation results with the scenario of changing the number of nodes, the DSR routing protocol produces better performance with an average of  End to End Delay is 0.1066 s, average of PDR is 95.45% and average of RO is 1.0076. While the TORA routing protocol has an average of End to End Delay is 0.1163s, average of PDR is 93.49% and average of RO is 1.0801. And in the scenario of node speed changes, the TORA routing protocol produces better performance with an average of End to End Delay is 0.0861 s and average of PDR 97.37%. While the DSR routing protocol is better with an average of RO is 1.0076.

scholarly journals Modified AODV with Power Efficiency and Priority in WiMAX Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1566-1571
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Wimax Network ◽  
Ratio Energy

Many applications have developed for networks that are ad hoc in nature. Various routing protocols are suggested, of which routing protocols on-demand in nature is the most widespread protocol because they are simple to figure it out and they don’t’ use priority and power for communication of data in routing. Routing protocol has an essential role in VANETs. In the latest decade, AODV routing protocol turns into the consideration of concentrated research on VANETs. Several protocols were formulated to upgrade and improve AODV in order to attain the maximum in the pursuit of consistent protocol. Here, our proposal to improve ad-hoc distance vector suggests various points. I-AODV, our suggested protocol, improved AODV in Power consumption and Priority models. We also evaluate performance pointers for some metrics, like packet delivery ratio, energy, end-to-end delay, and routing overhead, in WiMAX ad hoc network.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of AODV, DSR and DYMO Routing Protocol in MANET

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Siti Rahayu Abdul Aziz ◽  
Nor Adora Endut ◽  
Shapina Abdullah ◽  
Mior Norazman Mior Daud
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Routing Overhead ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
On Demand ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Manet Routing

A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a kind of wireless ad-hoc network, and is a self-configuring network of mobile routers connected wirelessly. MANET may operate in a standalone fashion, or may be connected to the larger Internet. Many routing protocols have been developed for MANETs over the past few years. This project evaluated three specific MANET routing protocols which are Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Dynamic MANET On-demand routing protocol (DYMO) to better understand the major characteristics of these routing protocols. Different performance aspects were investigated in this project including; packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, throughput and average end-to-end delay. This project used Linux as an operating system based platform and discrete event simulator NS-2 as simulation software to compare the three MANET routing protocols. This project’s results indicated that all routing protocols perform well according to the performance metrics that have been selected. For packet delivery ratio metric, performance of AODV, DSR and DYMO routing protocols are quite similar to each other. The DSR performance is better compared to AODV and DYMO and has stable normalized routing overhead. In terms of throughput, DYMO routing protocol performs the best as compared to AODV and DSR. Finally, for average end to end delay, DYMO and AODV perform well in comparison with DSR.

scholarly journals Impact of Direction Parameter in Performance of Modified AODV in VANET

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsana Ahamed ◽  
Hamid Vakilzadian
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
End To End ◽  
Route Request ◽  
The Impact

A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a technology in which moving cars are used as routers (nodes) to establish a reliable mobile communication network among the vehicles. Some of the drawbacks of the routing protocol, Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), associated with VANETs are the end-to-end delay and packet loss. We modified the AODV routing protocols to reduce the number of route request (RREQ) and route reply (RREP) messages by adding direction parameters and two-step filtering. The two-step filtering process reduces the number of RREQ and RREP packets, reduces the packet overhead, and helps to select the stable route. In this study, we show the impact of the direction parameter in reducing the end-to-end delay and the packet loss in AODV. The simulation results show a 1.4% reduction in packet loss, an 11% reduction in the end-to-end delay, and an increase in throughput.

scholarly journals Beacon-Based Non-Delay Tolerant Routing Protocols for VANET: A Systematic Comparison

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Ali Al Shugran
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Wireless Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Topology Change ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Delay Tolerant

A Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a sort of wireless ad hoc network which are used to provide communications between nodes. The frequent topology change is considered a unique feature of VANET nature due to the high movement of its participating vehicles. Thus, the design of a routing protocol that could cope with VANET characteristics is very challenging. Position-based routing protocols are the most suitable approaches for VANET. In this paper researcher broadly discussed Beacon-based Non-Delay Tolerant Geographical-based routing protocols for VANET. The main concern is to discuss the characteristics disadvantages of those protocols. Finally, several research directions relevant to the focus of this survey are identified that define preferred features of the appropriate routing protocol that can cope with VANET challenges.

scholarly journals Performance Assessment of QoS Using AODV, TORA and ZRP Routing Protocol in MANET

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 744-750
Author(s):  
Irfan Ahmad ◽  
Fahad Masood ◽  
Arbab Wajid Ullah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Zone Routing Protocol ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End

In Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) nodes often change their location independently where neither fixed nor centralized infrastructure is present. Nodes communicate with each other directly or via intermediate nodes. The advantages of the MANET layout lead to self-structure and compatibility to most important functions such as traffic distribution and load balancing. Whenever the host moves rapidly in the network the topology becomes updated due to which the structure of MANET varies accordingly. In the literature, different routing protocols have been studied and compared by researchers. Still, there are queries regarding the performance of these protocols under different scenarios. MANETs are not based on a predesigned structure. In this paper, the performance assessment of the Quality of Services (QoS) for different protocols such as Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) and Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) in the existence of the various number of communicating nodes is studied. The performance matrices throughput, end – to – end delay and packet delivery ratio are considered for simulations. Ns 2.35 simulator is used for carrying out these simulations. Results are compared for AODV, TORA, and ZRP routing protocols. The results show that AODV and TORA perform well in end – to – end delay as compared to zone routing protocol. Zone routing protocol performs well in packet delivery ratio and throughput as compared to both the other protocols.

scholarly journals LEC-AODV Routing Protocol Based on Load and Energy Classification

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Deng Yin Zhang ◽  
Zhao Guo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Network Congestion ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Load Size ◽  
Aodv Routing Protocol

Now widely used AODV routing protocol does not take into account the node’s load size and energy level. During the route discovery process, AODV routing protocol often has the blindness and makes it easy to bring about network congestion and consume some node’s energy excessively. To solve this problem, this paper presents a new LEC-AODV routing protocol based on load and energy classification, which makes a different response according to the node’s load size and energy level. Simulation results show that the protocol does not significantly increase the complexity of traditional AODV routing algorithm when packet delivery ratio, average end-to-end delay and network lifetime and other indicators have improved in varying degrees. At the same time it can bypass the nodes with heavy load and low energy, thereby achieve a certain degree of flow and energy balance and successfully solve the QoS problem in tactical MANETs.

Research of the Network Routing Optimization Based on AODV

2015 ◽  
Vol 713-715 ◽  
pp. 2308-2311
Author(s):  
Zhong Zong
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Link Quality ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Routing Optimization ◽  
Local Path ◽  
Aodv Routing Protocol

In the protocol of Ad Hoc network, the AODV routing protocol is the on-demand distance vector routing protocol. Because of its low cost and simple realizing, it is the hot point of wireless ad hoc network researches. This paper researches the mechanism of the AODV routing protocol, analyses its limitations and proposes a pre-judgment based on the link quality. It avoids using the local path restoration algorithm AODV-LQP in unstable area. Before the break of the low quality link, starting the link reparation will avoid the restoration in data transportation. The simulation experiment shows that the improved algorithm reduces the average time delay of end to end, and augments the packet delivery ratio.

Research of Ad Hoc Network Routing Based on NS2 by Performance Comparison

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 4633-4636
Author(s):  
Xiao Long Tan ◽  
Jia Zhou ◽  
Wen Bin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Routing Overhead ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Ns2 Simulation

In recent years,the ad hoc network has been paid extensive attention due to its characteristics of non-center and self-organization.Firstly this paper introduces three typical routing protocols AODV,DSDV,DSR,and the principles of them; then,adopts the NS2 simulation platform to simulate the performance of end-to-end delay,routing overhead and packet delivery ratio by changing the number of nodes and the paused time of nodes.Finally,by comparing the simulating results, the comparison conclusion is provided.

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