scholarly journals Memorialization of the "liberators" in Transcarpathia during the period of preventive Sovietization (1944 – 1946)

2021 ◽  
pp. 142-150
Author(s):  
Pavlo Leno
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
World War ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Regional Centers ◽  
Short Time

In 1944 – 1946, during the preventive Sovietization of Transcarpathian Ukraine, the local communist authorities initiated radical changes in its symbolic landscape in order to influence the collective memory of the population. The result of this policy was the appearance in the region in 1945 of monuments in honor of the Heroes of the Carpathians (soldiers of the Red Army), who died as a result of active hostilities in October 1944. Officially, the perpetuation of the memory of the fallen Red Army soldiers took place as a manifestation of the people's initiative of the local population in gratitude for the liberation from fascism, including from the “centuries-old Hungarian slavery”. However, archival materials and oral historical research prove that this process was an element of the traditional Soviet policy of memory, initiated by the command of the 4th Ukrainian Front. As a result, a number of memorial resolutions of the People's Council of Transcarpathian Ukraine were adopted in a short time. As a result, the graves of the Red Army were enlarged, fundraising was organized among the population, and the construction of monuments to the fallen liberators was started and successfully completed in all regional centers of the region. The peculiarity was that the installation of monuments in honor of the Heroes of the Carpathians took place long before the end of the Great Patriotic War / World War II, which was not observed in other territories of the Ukrainian SSR. One of the other paradoxes was that, so, the representatives of the Hungarian minority of the region demonstrated their appreciation for their "liberation from Hungarian domination".

The Great Patriotic War in Soviet and Post-Soviet Collective Memory

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger D. Markwick
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Personal Trauma

World War II has never ended for the citizens of the former Soviet Union. Nearly 27 million Soviet citizens died in the course of what Joseph Stalin declared to be the Great Patriotic War, half of the total 55 million victims of the world war. The enduring personal trauma and grief that engulfed those who survived, despite the Red Army's victory over fascism, was not matched by Stalin's state of mind, which preferred to forget the war. Not until the ousting of Nikita S. Khrushchev in October 1964 by Leonid Brezhnev was official memory of the war really resurrected. This article elaborates a thesis about the place of World War II in Soviet and post-Soviet collective memory by illuminating the sources of the myth of the Great Patriotic War and the mechanisms by which it has been sustained and even amplified. It discusses perestroika, patriotism without communism, the fate of the wartime Young Communist heroine Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, the battle for Victory Day, the return of ‘trophy’ art, the Hill of Prostrations, and Sovietism without socialism.

scholarly journals OFFICES WORK AT THE OTOLARYNGOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF KRONSTADT HOSPITAL DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-96
Author(s):  
A. N. Chechko
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Military Medicine ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
World War ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Military Science ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
Navy Medicine

Several years have already passed after the seventieth anniversary of German fascism ruining by Red Army and the Navy fleet of theUSSR, which withstood most of the burden imposed by World War II on nations involved in it. There is now no Nazi Germany; however, the tragedy that the human race suffered because of fascism will long be in spotlight for history and military science. Military medicine, in particular Navy, will too learn much from what was happening then. One of the aspects of the history of Navy medicine relates to the prominent constellation of navy doctors who were fulfilling their duties at Lenin Order Navy Hospital No. 35. Their deserves, which were honored with numerous national and governmental rewards, are addressed in the present paper.

MAJOR MILESTONES OF BELARUSIAN COLLABORATION DEVELOPMENT DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
ALEXEY IPATOV
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
World War ◽  
Special Services ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Military

The article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of Belarusian collaboration during the World War II and the fight against it during the operation «Bagration» to liberate the territory of the Belarusian SSR. The main attention is paid to the activities of its individual representatives and a number of organizations that attempted to cooperate with Nazi Germany for «liberation» from the «Soviet yoke». It emphasizes the interest of the military and political elite of the Third Reich in cooperation with such organizations and the desire to fully control their activities. The author comes to the conclusion that thanks to the actions of Red Army, a significant part of the Belarusian collaborators was eliminated. The remaining supporters of «independence» after the end of World War II often continued their anti-Soviet activities during the cold war, actively cooperating with the special services of Western countries.

scholarly journals Different Stories of One Battle: The Moravian-Ostrava Offensive in Historiography and Collective Memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-79
Author(s):  
Ondřej Kolář
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
World War ◽  
Military Operation ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Professional Research ◽  
The Military ◽  
Popular Image

The paper focuses on the historiography and remembrance of a significant battle, fought between the Red Army and German forces in the last week of World War II in Europe on the present Czech-Polish border. In the opening part of the paper, the historical surveys are depicted and analysed. The text also examines “official” forms of remembrance, such as museums and memorials, as well as popular narratives, myths and common tales surrounding the military operation, which are seen in the context of a specific collective identity of the population of the borderland. The article seeks correlations between professional research, political rhetoric and other aspects that created the “popular image” of the offensive. The question of regional memory is understood in the context of nationwide debates about contemporary history.

Krzesiny i Kreising – między pamiętaniem a pomijaniem. Polskie miasteczko wobec historii, pamięci i rywalizacji w cierpieniu

2014 ◽  
pp. 443-461
Author(s):  
Danijel Matijevic ◽  
Jan Kwiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
Labor Camp ◽  
The City

The area around Krzesiny, located near the city of Poznań, Poland, witnessed several dark events during World War II: Germans oppressed the local population, culminating in a terrorizing action dubbed “akcja krzesińska;” also, a forced labor camp, named “Kreising,” was built near the township, housing mainly Jews. After the war, the suffering in Krzesiny was remembered, but selectively – “akcja” and other forms of Polish suffering were commemorated, while the camp was not. By exploring the “lieux de mémoire” in Krzesiny – dynamics of memory in a small township in Poland – this paper uses localized research to address the issue of gaps in collective memory and commemoration. We briefly look at the relevant history, Polish memory regarding wartime events in Krzesiny, and the postwar dynamics of collective memory. Discussing the latter, we identify a new phenomenon at work, one which we dub “collective disregard” – group neglect of the past of the “Other” that occurs without clear intent. We argue that “collective disregard” is an issue that naturally occurs in the dynamics of memory. By making a deliberate investment in balanced remembrance and commemoration, societies can counter the tendencies of “disregard” and curb the controversies of competitive victimization claims, also called “competitive martyrdom”.

«И никто перед нами из живых не в долгу!» обзор основных направлений в изучении истории великой отечественной войны.

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-65
Author(s):  
Y.K. Sergei
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
World War ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Military Units

В статье анализируется научнопопулярная историческая литература, посвященная Великой Отечественной войне 19411945 гг. и изданная в постсоветский период. Автор пытается установить основные тенденции и особенности современной историографии Второй Мировой Войны и формирования базы первоисточников для современных военнонаучных исследований. Особое внимание уделено выделению наиболее значимых работ, которые основаны на передовых достижениях современных исследований и посвящены конкретным операциям и сражениям, такие, как битвы под Москвой, Сталинградом и Курском. Среди анализируемых работ те исследовательские работы, которые касались наиболее сложных и противоречивых вопросов о войне, к которым ранее относились предвзято или оставляли без внимания. Главным из этих вопросов является феномен коллаборационизма, мотивы, побудившие тысячи советских граждан служить агрессору. Другой такой проблемой является изучение антисоветских воинских формирований, сформированных из добровольцев и призывников СССР это включает в себя историю их формирования, структуру, особенности комплектования и боеприпасов, их службу против Красной Армии и партизан, их взаимодействие с немецкими гражданскими и военными администрациями, а также судьбу их ветеранов после войны.The article analyzes the academic and popular historic literature, dedicated to the Great Patriotic War of 1941 1945 and published in the PostSoviet period. The author tries to establish the main tendencies and specific traits of contemporary World War II historiography and the formation of the base of primary sources for contemporary military academic research. Special attention is given to singling out the most significant works, which are based on the foremost accomplishments of contemporary research and are dedicated to specific operations and battles, such as the battles of Moscow, Stalingrad and Kursk. Among the works analyzed are those research papers that had to do with the most difficult and controversial questions on the War, which were previously treated with bias or left untouched. A foremost amongst these questions is the phenomenon of collaborationism, the motives that led thousands of Soviet citizen to serve the aggressor. Another such problem is the study of antiSoviet military units, formed from U.S.S.R. volunteers and recruits this includes the story of their formation, structure, specifics of manning and ammunition, their service against the Red Army and partisans, their interaction with German civil and military administrations, as well as the fate of their veterans after the war.

scholarly journals To the 75th anniversary of appellation the name of the Red Army Main Military Hospital to the 1st Moscow Communist Military Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-20
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Kryukov ◽  
Daniil Korabelnikov ◽  
Marina Ovchinnikova
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Medical Service ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
World War ◽  
75Th Anniversary ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Operation Period ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of

To the 75th anniversary of appellation the name of The Red Army Main Military Hospital to The 1-st Moscow Communist Military Hospital the history of Moscow hospital opening in 1706-1707 was briefly described. Scientific and medical breakthroughs and increasing role of the hospital as a medical, educational and scientific institution for a Red Army military medical service in 1917-1945 was shown in more details. It also included intensive complicated hospital operation period during The Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 (as a part of World War II).

Review of Vinogradova, L. (2015). Defending the Motherland. Women fighter pilots of the Great Patriotic War. Moscow: Kolibri, Azbuka-Attikus. 448 pages.

2019 ◽  
pp. 390-395
Author(s):  
S. V. Perevalova
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
World War ◽  
Women Pilots ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
American Historian ◽  
White Rose

The review considers the opinions of L. Vinogradova, who wrote a book about Soviet women pilots during World War II, based on the recently discovered documentary evidence and witness reports, as well as taking into account the relevant experience of her predecessors. At the centre of the book is a life story of the war hero L. Litvyak, who shared a similar lot with her sisters in arms. Following the descriptions in war correspondent V. Grossman’s Stalingrad Notebooks [Stalingradskie tetradi], the author details aerial battles in the skies above Stalingrad. In her reconstruction of the ferocious engagements, Vinogradova also covers the boisterous propaganda of pre-war years and questionable episodes in Russian war history. The book seeks to disprove the American historian B. Yenne, who, in his biography called The White Rose of Stalingrad, showed L. Litvyak as yesterday’s schoolgirl, killed when not yet 22. 

The Great Auto Theft

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-161
Author(s):  
Christian Klösch
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The State ◽  
Nazi Party ◽  
Online Database ◽  
World War ◽  
Auto Theft ◽  
National Socialists ◽  
German Reich

In March 1938 the National Socialists seized power in Austria. One of their first measures against the Jewish population was to confiscate their vehicles. In Vienna alone, a fifth of all cars were stolen from their legal owners, the greatest auto theft in Austrian history. Many benefited from the confiscations: the local population, the Nazi Party, the state and the army. Car confiscation was the first step to the ban on mobility for Jews in the German Reich. Some vehicles that survived World War II were given back to the families of the original owners. The research uses a new online database on Nazi vehicle seizures.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document