scholarly journals Accounting Treatment of Cryptocurrency: A Malaysian Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-149
Author(s):  
Teh Sin Yee ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Reflective Measurement

"Cryptocurrencies have become the buzzword among society, especially after some prominent companies such as Wikipedia, Microsoft and Amazon accept the use of cryptocurrencies. Nonetheless, accounting treatment of cryptocurrencies appears to be a challenging area for standard setters, financial statement preparers, and also users. This is mainly because elements of cryptocurrency do not explicitly fall under any existing accounting standards. The fact that cryptocurrencies are held for different business models and intentions may affect how it should be treated under accounting standards. Hence, this research aimed to examine factors that affect the accounting treatment of cryptocurrencies in Malaysia. Different factors were examined including the function of cryptocurrencies, conceptual framework of financial reporting and the legal status of cryptocurrencies. Targeted respondents involved in this research were accountants in Malaysia. Data collected were analysed using SPSS and SmartPLS 3. SPSS was mainly used to analyse the demographics of respondents whereas SmartPLS 3 was used to carry out reflective measurement model and structural model evaluation. The results concluded that all the independent variables which are the functions of cryptocurrencies, conceptual framework of financial reporting, and the legal status of cryptocurrencies have a significant relationship with the accounting treatment of cryptocurrencies. The results of this study provide an insight about factors that standards setters and financial standards should consider when accounting for cryptocurrencies’ transactions in order to provide faithful representation and relevant information. Some limitations and suggestions are included in this research to provide ideas for future researchers to carry out further research. Keywords: Cryptocurrencies, Accounting Treatment"

scholarly journals Fourth Quarter Earnings Volatility: Case of Firms Listed in DFM

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Nadia Sbei Trabelsi
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Fourth Quarter ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Financial Reports

Mandatory disclosure of quarterly financial reports for publicly traded companies, in the majority of jurisdictions around the world, is the direct consequence of applying “timeliness” as presented in the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting (the conceptual framework) developed jointly in 2010 by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). Having relevant information available sooner would improve its capacity to influence decisions. However, the interim reports are not required to be audited. In UAE, companies whose securities are listed on a securities and commodities market licensed by the Securities and Commodities Authority (SCA) are required to notify and provide interim financial reports, which are reviewed by the external auditor of the company. The objective of this paper is to analyze, in UAE, the volatility of the fourth-quarter earnings compared with the previous three. This study includes four years (2012-2015) of quarterly financial statements of firms listed in Dubai Financial Market (DFM). In order to determine if interim results are suspect, the paper analyzes the magnitude of differences in fourth quarter earnings and revenues relative to the first three quarters by using the Kiger’s 1974 methodology. Overall, results indicate that the volatility of earnings and revenue in the fourth quarter is significantly higher than those of the first three quarters. This main finding would be explained by the necessary adjustments to the fourth quarter earnings and revenues in order to correct the estimation. In fact, the quarterly financial statements require the use of more estimates than those prepared at the end of the fiscal year. This research would contribute to better understanding the quality of interim reports in an emerging market context.

scholarly journals On certain development aspects of an ipsas-based system-target approach to evaluation of net asset sustainability level projects in high-rise construction

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 02071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Kazaryan
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Net Assets ◽  
Autonomous Institution ◽  
The Right

Problems of accounting and reporting of net assets and the procedure of their formation taking into account the specifics of the economic and legal status of property of a non-commercial autonomous institution are some of the most controversial in the accounting for entities of the public sector. The study focuses on justification of accounting rules for net assets of public sector entities. The methods used in the study are as follows: comparison, synthesis, analysis, logical approach, and system approach. The article examines legal aspects and specifics of recognition of assets of public sector entities in accordance with IPSAS standards (International Public Sector Accounting Standards are a set of accounting standards issued by IPSASB (Council for International Financial Reporting Standards for Public Sector Organizations) used by state-owned enterprises worldwide in preparation of financial statements as of the 31st of August, 2015. The most crucial factor in the modeling of key performance indicators of the system-target approach to estimation of the sustainability level of net assets on the basis of IPSAS is a multicriterial evaluation of the basic management strategy for quality system elements used in operational and strategic planning projects operations in high-rise construction. We offer an alternative evaluation of assets due to be returned to the right holder (the state controller) in the event of liquidation of a public sector entity.

scholarly journals Analysis Of Presentation Of Sharia Financial Statements According To Psak 101 At Pt. Mandiri Sharia Bank

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1175-1183
Author(s):  
Fera Riske Anggita ◽  
Tommy Kuncara
Keyword(s):  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
Other Information

The presentation of Islamic Financial Statements has been regulated in PSAK 101 and every bank needs to refer to it. As we know, PT Bank Syariah Mandiri is the number 1 largest Islamic bank in Indonesia and other information obtained by researchers, PT Bank Syariah Mandiri will merge with 2 other Islamic state-owned banks, namely PT Bank BNI Syariah and PT Bank BRI Syariah. Therefore, researchers are interested in examining whether the financial statements of PT Bank Syariah Mandiri are appropriate in applying the application of Financial Accounting Standards 101. The types of data used are qualitative and quantitative data, the data used are general company information and company financial statement information in 2019. Sources the data used is secondary data. The data collection method is literature study. In the financial statements of PT Bank Syariah Mandiri, the bank has reported all components of the financial statements in PSAK 101. In the Statement of Financial Position PT Bank Syariah Mandiri does not include the Istishna Assets in Settlement and Salam Receivable accounts in the Statement of Financial Position, but in PSAK 101 Paragraph 61 explains Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 101 does not regulate the composition or format of presentation of statement of financial position items. PT Bank Syariah Mandiri continues to present relevant information on the Statement of Financial Position. However, in PSAK 101 Paragraph 61 explaining the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 101 does not regulate the composition or format of the presentation of the statement of financial position. PT Bank Syariah Mandiri continues to present relevant information on the Statement of Financial Position. However, in PSAK 101 Paragraph 61 explaining the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 101 does not regulate the composition or format of the presentation of the statement of financial position. PT Bank Syariah Mandiri continues to present relevant information on the Statement of Financial Position.

scholarly journals Relevance of financial reporting quality - Theory and practice in Vietnamese enterprises

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (Q2) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Thuan Quoc Pham
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Reporting Quality ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Financial Information ◽  
Financial Reporting Quality

Financial reporting quality is one the most interesting topics which draw a great deal of attention to researchers and scientists in the field of accounting (Céline Michailesco, 2010). In the review of research on financial information from 1980 to 2016, Pham (2016) found that characteristics of useful financial information are relatively diverse with as many as 15 attributes being identified. In addition, he also found that all research in any period has employed the characteristics published by professional associations such as American Institute of Accountants, Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB as theoretical basis. Research on the quality of financial information is diverse yet have many things in common, above all is the Relevance characteristic which considered to be the basic qualitative component of the quality of financial information in financial statements. Conceptual Framework officially issued by FASB & IASB in 2010 (FASB & IASB 2010) has further confirmed Relevance is the basic quality component of financial information. Compared with previous announcements, there has been a considerable change in the criteria and attributes used to evaluate the appropriateness of Relevance characteristic of financial information in financial statements. This study aims at confirming the importance of the Relevance component in evaluating the quality of financial information, clarifyingg the characteristics of Relevance measurement before and after Conceptual Framework 2010 and constructing relevant scales as well as measuring the qualitative characteristic of Relevance among enterprises in Vietnam.

How Does Local Adoption of IFRS for Those Countries That Modified IFRS by Design, Impair Comparability with Countries That Have Not Adapted IFRS?

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Felski
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
International Accounting Standards ◽  
Reporting Standards ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Reporting Environment ◽  
Proper Translation

ABSTRACT Global adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is thought to increase financial statement reliability and comparability. Although IFRS is required or allowed in over 130 nations, some countries modify IFRS as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). This study is designed to closely examine each country that modifies IFRS in an effort to determine whether these modifications impair financial statement comparability. First is that countries lack the resources to implement the newest version of IFRS or ensure proper translation of the standards. Second is that countries make specific changes to allow IFRS to better meet the needs of their financial reporting environment. I categorize the first set of countries as default countries and the second set as design countries. The study results in several interesting and useful contributions. First, I develop a new typology for future IFRS research that includes not only the locally adopted category, but also the default and design categories. Second, the details of how countries modify IFRS make it clear that differences can exist in financial statements prepared in different countries both using IFRS. The users must be careful to understand how comparability may be impacted by these modifications.

scholarly journals The Impact of Financial Statement Comparability on Earnings Management: Evidence from Frontier Markets

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Wil Martens ◽  
Prem W. S. Yapa ◽  
Maryam Safari
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Real Earnings Management ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Developed Markets ◽  
Accounting Comparability ◽  
The Impact

This paper examined whether financial statement comparability constrains opportunistic earnings management in frontier market countries. Using a large sample of 19 frontier market countries, and an accounting comparability method that maps comparability across several accounting standards, the results show that enhanced financial comparability constrains accruals earnings management (AEM). Contrary to developed markets and novel to this study, a significant relationship between financial comparability and real earnings management (REM) was not found. For greater robustness, AEM and REM were also tested on both International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adopting and non-adopting countries. The results suggest IFRS adoption constrains AEM, yet exhibited no impact on constraining REM. Additionally, the use of BigN auditors failed to conclusively show an ability to moderate EM. When combined, the results suggest that frontier markets engage in less REM than expected. It is also noted that the legal roots (civil vs. common law) play a significant role in constraining earnings management. Common law countries exhibited lower AEM when comparability increased; this significance was not found in countries that were rooted in civil law. Contributions from this study show that findings from developed markets cannot be generalised to frontier markets.

scholarly journals Ontwikkelingen in het conceptual framework

2013 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 355-364
Author(s):  
Dick Van Offeren ◽  
Joop Witjes ◽  
Tim Verdoes
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
International Accounting ◽  
International Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Accounting Standards Board ◽  
Reporting Framework ◽  
International Accounting Standards Board

De International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) heeft recent het conceptual framework-project als kernproject aangemerkt. Het oorspronkelijke Framework for the preparation and presentation of financial statements (framework 1989) was aan een fundamentele herziening toe. Samen met de Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) heeft de IASB de eerste fase van het Conceptual framework for financial reporting (framework 2010) voltooid. In deze eerste fase worden twee onderwerpen besproken. Dit zijn het doel van financiële verslaggeving en de kwalitatieve kenmerken van financiële verslaggeving. Wij bespreken deze twee onderwerpen en gaan in op de verschillen tussen het framework 2010 en het framework 1989. Wij benadrukken het verschil in toepassingsgebied van de twee frameworks. Het framework 2010 is gericht op het ruimere begrip financial reporting, financiële verslaggeving en het framework 1989 was beperkt tot financial statements, jaarrekeningen.

scholarly journals De invloed van het nieuwe Conceptual Framework op de rapportage over prestaties binnen IFRS

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Arjan Brouwer ◽  
Alidus Dannenberg ◽  
Peter Epe
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
International Accounting ◽  
International Accounting Standards ◽  
Comprehensive Income ◽  
Other Comprehensive Income ◽  
International Accounting Standards Board

In de Exposure Draft Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting blijft de International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) uitgaan van een balansbenadering waarbij baten en lasten worden afgeleid van de mutaties in balansposten. Financiële prestatie wordt niet afzonderlijk gede"nieerd en de IASB reduceert dit tot een presentatievraagstuk gericht op Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) en recycling. Relevante informatieverschaf"ng over prestaties vraagt echter om een prominentere plaats in het nieuwe Conceptual Framework en een meer genuanceerde aanpak voor de ontwikkeling van concepten die de basis kunnen vormen voor standaarden leidend tot relevante informatie over de prestaties van een entiteit. Inzicht in prestaties vraagt in ieder geval om afzonderlijke informatieverschaf "ng over alle relevante attributen van het resultaat en dat is niet mogelijk via slechts een tweedeling tussen resultaten die worden gepresenteerd binnen winst of verlies en resultaten die worden gepresenteerd binnen OCI.

The Improvement of Governance Decision Making Using XBRL

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ahmadpour
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Simultaneous Presentation ◽  
Stock Option ◽  
Financial Information ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Extensible Markup ◽  
Technology Users ◽  
Option Compensation

eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) has the potential to influence users’ processing of financial information and their judgments and decisions. XBRL is an eXtensible Markup Language (XML)-based language, developed specifically for financial reporting. XBRL, as a search-facilitating technology, contributes to direct searches and simultaneous presentation of related financial statement, and facilitates processing footnote information which could help financial statements’ users. XBRL is more than a distribution mechanism for data or facilitating technology. XBRL has the potential to significantly improve corporate governance. Putting that potential into practice requires an XBRL taxonomy model that is data based instead of document based. This paper hypothesizes that in the presence of search-facilitating technology, users’ judgments of financial statement reliability will be influenced by the choice of recognition versus disclosure of stock option compensation than in the absence of search-facilitating technology. When the stock option accounting varies between two firms, the search technology helps in both acquiring and integrating relevant information. The paper suggests the implementation of XBRL improves transparency of financial information and managers’ choices for reporting that information.

The IASB and ASBJ Conceptual Frameworks: Same Objective, Different Financial Performance Concepts

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carien van Mourik ◽  
Yuko Katsuo
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
International Accounting Standards ◽  
Conceptual Frameworks ◽  
Accounting Standard ◽  
Decision Usefulness

SYNOPSISThis paper illustrates that, despite their general agreement on the decision-usefulness objective of general purpose financial reporting, the Accounting Standard Board of Japan (ASBJ) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB)'s conceptual frameworks are based on two different concepts of financial performance. By identifying and contrasting the two financial performance concepts and their impact on the rest of the frameworks and by explaining the thinking that underpins the ASBJ's chosen financial performance concept, it contributes to a debate about the role of financial performance concepts in fulfilling the decision-usefulness objective. Such a debate is pertinent to the revision of the IASB's Conceptual Framework, which is scheduled for completion in 2015.

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