scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of AODV, DSR and DYMO Routing Protocol in MANET

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Siti Rahayu Abdul Aziz ◽  
Nor Adora Endut ◽  
Shapina Abdullah ◽  
Mior Norazman Mior Daud
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Routing Overhead ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
On Demand ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Manet Routing

A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a kind of wireless ad-hoc network, and is a self-configuring network of mobile routers connected wirelessly. MANET may operate in a standalone fashion, or may be connected to the larger Internet. Many routing protocols have been developed for MANETs over the past few years. This project evaluated three specific MANET routing protocols which are Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Dynamic MANET On-demand routing protocol (DYMO) to better understand the major characteristics of these routing protocols. Different performance aspects were investigated in this project including; packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, throughput and average end-to-end delay. This project used Linux as an operating system based platform and discrete event simulator NS-2 as simulation software to compare the three MANET routing protocols. This project’s results indicated that all routing protocols perform well according to the performance metrics that have been selected. For packet delivery ratio metric, performance of AODV, DSR and DYMO routing protocols are quite similar to each other. The DSR performance is better compared to AODV and DYMO and has stable normalized routing overhead. In terms of throughput, DYMO routing protocol performs the best as compared to AODV and DSR. Finally, for average end to end delay, DYMO and AODV perform well in comparison with DSR.

Research of Ad Hoc Network Routing Based on NS2 by Performance Comparison

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 4633-4636
Author(s):  
Xiao Long Tan ◽  
Jia Zhou ◽  
Wen Bin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Routing Overhead ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Ns2 Simulation

In recent years,the ad hoc network has been paid extensive attention due to its characteristics of non-center and self-organization.Firstly this paper introduces three typical routing protocols AODV,DSDV,DSR,and the principles of them; then,adopts the NS2 simulation platform to simulate the performance of end-to-end delay,routing overhead and packet delivery ratio by changing the number of nodes and the paused time of nodes.Finally,by comparing the simulating results, the comparison conclusion is provided.

scholarly journals Meningkatkan Efisiensi Rute Pada Protokol Routing AOMDV Menggunakan Metode PA-SHORT di Jaringan MANET

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Yunia Puspita Wulandari ◽  
Andy Hidayat Jatmika ◽  
Fitri Bimantoro
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Routing Overhead ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End ◽  
Short Algorithm

Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is a development of the Ad-Hoc Network, where the nodes of this network have dynamic mobility. There are several types of routing protocols in MANET, one of which is AOMDV. Route discovery on the AOMDV routing protocol is done by calculating the distance based on the number of hops. If the number of hops increased, it may cause a considerable delay and a decrease in throughput. This study compares the performance of the AOMDV routing protocol with the Path Aware-AOMDV (PA-AOMDV) routing protocol. PA-AOMDV routing protocol is obtained through modifications to the performance of the AOMDV protocol with the Path Aware SHORT algorithm. The Path Aware SHORT algorithm is a method to reduce the number of hops. SHORT improves routing optimization by monitoring routes and optimizing these routes that have better paths. The performance of both protocols will be seen based on four parameters, namely throughput, average end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, and routing overhead. Result shows that the throughput increased for 50 nodes is 61,84% and for 100 nodes is 45,2%, average end-to-end delay decreased for 50 nodes is 0,066% and for 100 nodes 0,12%, packet delivery ratio increased for 50 nodes is 60,87% and for 100 nodes 82,02%, and routing overhead decreased for 50 nodes is 67,07% and 100 nodes 45,36%.

Research and Improvement of Clustering Routing Algorithm in Ad Hoc Network

2013 ◽  
Vol 834-836 ◽  
pp. 1087-1090
Author(s):  
Ping Zong ◽  
Jun Qin
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ant Colony Algorithm ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Routing Overhead ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Network Scalability

With the expansion of the network, especially in the case of the nodes frequently moving, clustering routing protocol can reduce the impact of the changed topology on routing protocols, and improve the network scalability and reduce routing overhead. Based on the analysis of the problems of CBRP clustering routing protocol, this paper presents a CRBAC clustering routing algorithm based on ant colony algorithm. The simulation results show that, in the circumstance that the algorithm doesnt significantly increase the routing overhead, improved clustering routing protocol CRBAC get better performance than CBRP. They reflect on the clusters structure more reasonable and stable, the average end-to-end delay and network lifetime significantly improved.

scholarly journals Identifying and Improving the Malicious Behavior of Rushing and Blackhole Attacks using Proposed IDSAODV Protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 6554-6562
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Wireless Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Aodv Routing Protocol

Wireless Ad hoc Network is established by a collection of mobile nodes without any fixed infrastructure, where each node plays a role of the router. There are not any centralize control to handle the routing process of network, due to the dynamic tropology and infrastructure less network the network is vulnerable to various kinds of attacks. Therefore, numerous proactive, reactive and hybrid routing protocols have been recommended, among which one of the well-known a protocol is AODV due to its high-performance gain. This research work contributes towards mitigating network layer attacks on routing protocols in Wireless Ad hoc Networks. Problem and it's security issues because its consequences and existing mechanisms for detection and prevention with the context of AODV protocol is a challenge in Wireless Ad hoc Network, particularly in MANET and Sensor network. We present an AODV based secure routing algorithm for detection and prevention of different network layer attacks such as blackhole and rushing attacks. We use different types of security parameters like node sequence numbers, hop count, trust value, path value, acknowledge time, the threshold value and ALERT packet message to design a secure algorithm for AODV routing protocol. It shows enactment evaluation of AODV with the enhanced secure routing algorithm and existing routing algorithm through simulations which will confirm the effectiveness and accuracy of the algorithm by considering performance metrics like throughput, packet delivery ratio and end to end delay. Using network simulator NS-2.35 the experimental results have been shown an improvement in throughput, packet delivery ratio (PDR), and end to end delay using IDSAODV and results are compared with normal AODV routing protocol for blackhole and rushing attacks. The comparative results have been also shown with proposed IDSAODV and existing method

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of DSR and TORA Model Routing Protocols In Vehicular Ad Hoc Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Linna Oktaviana Sari ◽  
Agusurio Azmi ◽  
Ery Safrianti ◽  
Feranita Jalil
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End

Pekanbaru city is a large area, therefore traffic congestion often occurs due to the density of society’s vehicles. From this problem, it is needed a technology that can exchange information between vehicles. Information Technology that can involve many vehicles with special network types without dependence on an infrastructure is Ad Hoc Network. One type of this network is Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET). VANET is a new concept in enabling communication between Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V). For efficient data packet delivery, VANET requires a routing protocol. In this research, for simulated and analyzed performance is used the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) protocol. NS-2 is used to simulated a moved nodes, SUMO software is used to simulated real map of SKA Mall crossroad and parameter the quality of performance routing protocol DSR can determined by End to End Delay, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and Routing Overhead (RO). This simulation uses scenario 100 nodes, 150 nodes, 200 nodes and 250 nodes. The simulation results with the scenario of changing the number of nodes, the DSR routing protocol produces better performance with an average of  End to End Delay is 0.1066 s, average of PDR is 95.45% and average of RO is 1.0076. While the TORA routing protocol has an average of End to End Delay is 0.1163s, average of PDR is 93.49% and average of RO is 1.0801. And in the scenario of node speed changes, the TORA routing protocol produces better performance with an average of End to End Delay is 0.0861 s and average of PDR 97.37%. While the DSR routing protocol is better with an average of RO is 1.0076.

scholarly journals Performance Assessment of QoS Using AODV, TORA and ZRP Routing Protocol in MANET

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 744-750
Author(s):  
Irfan Ahmad ◽  
Fahad Masood ◽  
Arbab Wajid Ullah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Zone Routing Protocol ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End

In Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) nodes often change their location independently where neither fixed nor centralized infrastructure is present. Nodes communicate with each other directly or via intermediate nodes. The advantages of the MANET layout lead to self-structure and compatibility to most important functions such as traffic distribution and load balancing. Whenever the host moves rapidly in the network the topology becomes updated due to which the structure of MANET varies accordingly. In the literature, different routing protocols have been studied and compared by researchers. Still, there are queries regarding the performance of these protocols under different scenarios. MANETs are not based on a predesigned structure. In this paper, the performance assessment of the Quality of Services (QoS) for different protocols such as Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) and Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) in the existence of the various number of communicating nodes is studied. The performance matrices throughput, end – to – end delay and packet delivery ratio are considered for simulations. Ns 2.35 simulator is used for carrying out these simulations. Results are compared for AODV, TORA, and ZRP routing protocols. The results show that AODV and TORA perform well in end – to – end delay as compared to zone routing protocol. Zone routing protocol performs well in packet delivery ratio and throughput as compared to both the other protocols.

scholarly journals Analisis Performansi Protokol Routing Proaktif pada Jaringan Mobile Adhoc

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-128
Author(s):  
Rohmah Nur Hidayah ◽  
Indrabayu Indrabayu ◽  
Intan Sari Areni
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Overhead Ratio

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) menawarkan paradigma pemodelan baru yang mendukung komunikasi antar kendaraan secara real time menggunakan routing protocol yang disebut Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET). Pada dasarnya kinerja routing protocol dipengaruhi oleh arus dan aturan lalu lintas yang bersifat dinamis sehingga perubahan tersebut akan menyebabkan perubahan pada kinerja routing protocol juga. Untuk itu, penelitian ini mengusulkan rancangan mobilitas realistis berdasarkan data makroskopis dan mikroskopis jalan perkotaan. Rancangan mobilitas dibagi menjadi 2 skenario berdasarkan kepadatan kendaraan, yaitu 125 dan 200 node. Penelitian ini bersifat simulasi dan dibagi menjadi 2 tahap. Tahap pertama yaitu simulasi mobilitas yang menunjukkan pergerakan kendaraan serta aturan lalu lintas yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi realistis. Tahap kedua adalah simulasi jaringan yang bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja routing protocol DSDV dan OLSR terhadap rancangan model mobilitas. Untuk menguji kinerja kedua  routing protocol, maka digunakan 3 metrik pengujian yaitu Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Overhead Ratio (OR) dan End to End Delay (E2ED). Hasil simulasi menunjukkan OLSR unggul pada metrik PDR dan OR, yaitu masing-masing 88.62% dan 57.11%. Sedangkan E2ED terbaik ditunjukkan oleh DSDV dengan nilai 0.523 detik. Kinerja terbaik kedua routing protocol ditunjukkan pada skenario 125 node. Hal ini menunjukkan kedua routing protocol belum mampu mengatasi kondisi lalu lintas perkotaan yang sangat padat.

scholarly journals Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Network - A Survey and Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 795
Author(s):  
Rahul M Desai ◽  
B P Patil ◽  
Davinder Pal Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Demand Routing

<p class="Default">Ad hoc networks are mobile wireless networks where each node is acting as a router. The existing routing protocols such as Destination sequences distance vector, Optimized list state routing protocols, Ad hoc on demand routing protocol, Ad hoc on demand multipath routing protocol, Dynamic source routing are optimized versions of distance vector or link state routing protocols.  In this paper, existing protocols such as DSDV, AODV, AOMDV, OLSR and DSR are analyzed on 50 nodes Mobile Ad Hoc network with random mobility. Packet delivery ratio, delay, control overhead and throughput parameters are used for performance analysis.</p>

scholarly journals Modified AODV with Power Efficiency and Priority in WiMAX Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1566-1571
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Wimax Network ◽  
Ratio Energy

Many applications have developed for networks that are ad hoc in nature. Various routing protocols are suggested, of which routing protocols on-demand in nature is the most widespread protocol because they are simple to figure it out and they don’t’ use priority and power for communication of data in routing. Routing protocol has an essential role in VANETs. In the latest decade, AODV routing protocol turns into the consideration of concentrated research on VANETs. Several protocols were formulated to upgrade and improve AODV in order to attain the maximum in the pursuit of consistent protocol. Here, our proposal to improve ad-hoc distance vector suggests various points. I-AODV, our suggested protocol, improved AODV in Power consumption and Priority models. We also evaluate performance pointers for some metrics, like packet delivery ratio, energy, end-to-end delay, and routing overhead, in WiMAX ad hoc network.

scholarly journals An Optimized and Efficient Routing Protocol Application for IoV

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Kiran Afzal ◽  
Rehan Tariq ◽  
Farhan Aadil ◽  
Zeshan Iqbal ◽  
Nouman Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Link State ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Optimized Link State Routing ◽  
Better Than

IoV is the latest application of VANET and is the alliance of Internet and IoT. With the rapid progress in technology, people are searching for a traffic environment where they would have maximum collaboration with their surroundings which comprise other vehicles. It has become a necessity to find such a traffic environment where we have less traffic congestion, minimum chances of a vehicular collision, minimum communication delay, fewer communication errors, and a greater message delivery ratio. For this purpose, a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) was devised where vehicles were communicating with each other in an infrastructureless environment. In VANET, vehicles communicate in an ad hoc manner and communicate with each other to deliver messages, for infotainment purposes or for warning other vehicles about emergency scenarios. Unmanned aerial vehicle- (UAV-) assisted VANET is one of the emerging fields nowadays. For VANET’s routing efficiency, several routing protocols are being used like optimized link state routing (OLSR) protocol, ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol, and destination-sequenced distance vector (DSDV) protocol. To meet the need of the upcoming era of artificial intelligence, researchers are working to improve the route optimization problems in VANETs by employing UAVs. The proposed system is based on a model of VANET involving interaction with aerial nodes (UAVs) for efficient data delivery and better performance. Comparisons of traditional routing protocols with UAV-based protocols have been made in the scenario of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. Later on, communication of vehicles via aerial nodes has been studied for the same purpose. The results have been generated through various simulations. After performing extensive simulations by varying different parameters over grid sizes of 300 × 1500 m to 300 × 6000 m, it is evident that although the traditional DSDV routing protocol performs 14% better than drone-assisted destination-sequenced distance vector (DA-DSDV) when we have number of sinks equal to 25, the performance of drone-assisted optimized link state routing (DA-OLSR) protocol is 0.5% better than that of traditional OLSR, whereas drone-assisted ad hoc on-demand distance vector (DA-AODV) performs 22% better than traditional AODV. Moreover, if we increase the number of sinks up to 50, it can be clearly seen that the DA-AODV outperforms the rest of the routing protocols by up to 60% (either traditional routing protocol or drone-assisted routing protocol). In addition, for parameters like MAC/PHY overhead and packet delivery ratio, the performance of our proposed drone-assisted variants of protocols is also better than that of the traditional routing protocols. These results show that our proposed strategy performs better than the traditional VANET protocols and plays important role in minimizing the MAC/PHY and enhancing the average throughput along with average packet delivery ratio.

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