Comparison of Gradient-Based Edge Detectors Applied on Mammograms

Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer amongst women, but it is also one of the most frequently cured cancers. Because of this, early detection is crucial, and this can be done through mammography screening. With the increasing need of an automated interpretation system, a lot of methods have been proposed so far and, regardless of the algorithms, they all share a step: pre-processing. That is, identifying the image orientation, detecting the breast and eliminating irrelevant parts. This paper aims to describe, analyze, compare and evaluate six of the most commonly used edge detection operators: Sobel, Roberts Cross, Prewitt, Farid and Simoncelli, Scharr and Canny. We detail the algorithms, their implementations and the metrics used for evaluation and continue by comparing the operators both visually and numerically, finally concluding that Canny best suit our needs.

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Comment on: ‘Screening’ for Breast Cancer: Misguided Research Misinforming Public Policies, by O. S. Miettinen

Epidemiologic Methods ◽

10.1515/em-2015-0022 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Karin Huwiler ◽

Beat Thürlimann ◽

Thomas Cerny ◽

Marcel Zwahlen

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Early Detection ◽

Mammography Screening ◽

Public Policies ◽

Medical Board

AbstractOur commentary of the article “‘Screening’ for Breast Cancer: Misguided Research Misinforming Public Policies” has two main parts. First we address some of the methodological points raised by Professor Miettinen. Then we review more specific aspects of the Swiss Medical Board statement on mammography screening for early detection of breast cancer.

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Implementation of service screening with mammography in Sweden: from pilot study to nationwide programme

Journal of Medical Screening ◽

10.1136/jms.7.1.14 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 14-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

S. Olsson ◽

I. Andersson ◽

I. Karlberg ◽

N. Bjurstam ◽

E. Frodis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Early Detection ◽

Mammography Screening ◽

Recall Rate ◽

County Council ◽

National Average ◽

Negative Relation ◽

Average Recall

Establishment of mammography screening in Sweden has progressed logically from pilot study through clinical trials to service screening. Screening with mammography for early detection of breast cancer has been provided by all Sweden's 26 county councils since 1997. It took 23 years from the initial pilot study through clinical trials to the establishment of mammography service screening through out Sweden.In the screening rounds completed by 1995–96, and provided by all but one county council, 1 040 000 women participated, corresponding to 81% of those invited. The national average recall rate was 2.2%, and consequently 23 000 women were recalled for additional investigations. Eleven county councils invited women aged 40–74, six invited women aged 50–69, the remaining eight invited women between both these age intervals.Mammography outside screening programmes—clinical mammography—is available throughout Sweden. About 100 000 women a year were referred for clinical mammography and about 50% of these were either younger or older than those invited for screening. A negative relation between the use of clinical mammography and participation in the screening programmes was noticed.

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Po-Thur Eve General-21: A 2-Dimensional Ultrasound Breast Biopsy System: a device for early detection of breast cancer

Medical Physics ◽

10.1118/1.2244648 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 33 (7Part2) ◽

pp. 2664-2664

Author(s):

N Bluvol ◽

D Downey ◽

A Fenster

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Early Detection ◽

Breast Biopsy ◽

System A

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Participation in Mammography Screening Accomplishes an Enduring and Significant Reduction in Breast Cancer Mortality in the Era of Modern Therapy: An Observational Study Spanning 52 Years

Journal of Global Oncology ◽

10.1200/jgo.18.73200 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽

pp. 56s-56s

Author(s):

R. Smith ◽

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Early Detection ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Mammography Screening ◽

Breast Cancer Mortality ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Trial Period ◽

Breast Cancer Death ◽

Self Selection ◽

Screening Trial

Background: A significant decrease in breast cancer mortality has been demonstrated in populations invited to mammography screening. There have been questions regarding the value of mammography in the era of modern therapies, and the relative contribution of mammography screening and modern therapy on mortality reduction. Aim: We have sought to clarify the extent to which early detection through mammography screening contributes to the reduction of breast cancer death in the era of modern adjuvant therapies. We address this question by studying five decades of continuous data from a stable population spanning the pre- and postscreening and adjuvant therapy periods. Methods: We analyzed changes in breast cancer mortality in a stable population in Dalarna County, Sweden, among women aged 40-69 years during the 52 years from 1964 through 2015. Mortality data were obtained from the National Cause of Death Register in Sweden, and incidence data from the Swedish National Cancer Registry. Crude and incidence-based mortality rates were compared among four successive 13-year periods: the prescreening period from 1964 through 1976, the Swedish Two-County randomized screening trial period from 1977 through 1989, and two service screening periods from 1990-2002 and from 2003-2015. Furthermore, we measured the effect of early detection upon breast cancer mortality in women exposed to mammography screening by comparison with breast cancer death in women not exposed to mammography screening, within these three screening periods. Data were analyzed by Poisson regression, with corrections for lead time and self-selection bias. Results: There were 5844 incident cases and 1425 breast cancer deaths during the 52 years of observation. The relative breast cancer mortality rates associated with exposure to screening, adjusted for self-selection bias, were 0.46 (95% CI 0.30-0.69) in the trial period (1977-1989), 0.44 (95% CI 0.30-0.65) in the 1990-2002 period, and 0.37 (95% CI 0.24-0.56) in the 2003-2015 period. The significant reductions in incidence-based breast cancer mortality associated with exposure to screening were independent of contemporaneous changes in therapy. Conclusion: The combination of early detection of breast cancer through mammography screening and the resultant earlier treatment has significantly reduced breast cancer mortality in Dalarna County in the women exposed to screening, compared with the women not participating in screening, by a factor of 2.2 in the screening trial period, increasing to a factor of 2.7 in the most recent service screening period. These mortality benefits can be attributed to the far greater effectiveness of modern therapeutic methods upon cancers detected at screening compared with the poorer effectiveness of the same therapeutic methods in women not participating in screening.

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Abstract 713: Proteomic early detection biomarkers for ER+ breast cancer to improve mammography screening

10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-713 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Carly B. Garrison ◽

Tracey Marsh ◽

Matthew Buas ◽

Yuzheng Zhang ◽

Margaret Pepe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Early Detection ◽

Mammography Screening

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Hyperanalytic Wavelet-Based Robust Edge Detection

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13152888 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 2888

Author(s):

Alexandru Isar ◽

Corina Nafornita ◽

Georgiana Magu

Keyword(s):

Edge Detection ◽

Detection Method ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Speckle Noise ◽

Transform Domain ◽

Edge Detector ◽

Edge Detectors ◽

Gradient Based ◽

New Type ◽

Edge Detection Method

The imperfections of image acquisition systems produce noise. The majority of edge detectors, including gradient-based edge detectors, are sensitive to noise. To reduce this sensitivity, the first step of some edge detectors’ algorithms, such as the Canny’s edge detector, is the filtering of acquired images with a Gaussian filter. We show experimentally that this filtering is not sufficient in case of strong Additive White Gaussian or multiplicative speckle noise, because the remaining grains of noise produce false edges. The aim of this paper is to improve edge detection robustness against Gaussian and speckle noise by preceding the Canny’s edge detector with a new type of denoising system. We propose a two-stage denoising system acting in the Hyperanalytic Wavelet Transform Domain. The results obtained in applying the proposed edge detection method outperform state-of-the-art edge detection results from the literature.

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Long-Term Breast Cancer Survival Affected by Overdiagnosis

Journal of Global Oncology ◽

10.1200/jgo.18.82600 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽

pp. 204s-204s

Author(s):

C. Fann

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Prognostic Factors ◽

Early Detection ◽

Effective Treatment ◽

Mammography Screening ◽

Cancer Survival ◽

Breast Cancer Survival ◽

Sufficient Information

Background: Overdetected breast cancers (BCs) via mammography screening that are biologically nonprogressive and unnecessary to receive treatment is of great concern for population-based screening. Most previous studies estimated overdiagnosis by excess incidence due to the introduction of screening compared with background incidence derived from randomized control trial, which require population incident-based BC data and the strong assumption of lead-time distribution, few studies have been adopted by using merely follow-up data on BCs. Aim: To assess respective independent contributions of overdiagnosis and curation to long-term breast cancer survival by the application of the novel zero-inflated statistical model to a longitudinal follow up empirical data with sufficient information based on patient-based data. Methods: We designed a retrospective cohort composed of 1346 patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in Falun Central Hospital of Dalarna County, Sweden, through international collaboration. A novel zero-inflated cured or overdiagnosis regression model was conducted. The zero part represents both types of nonprogressive cancer without potential of dying from BC, the cured due to treatment and the overdiagnosed due to mammography screening. These 2 types would be distinguished by detection modes (screen-detected cases and interval cancer plus cancers from nonparticipants). The count part represents the progressive breast cancer with potential of dying from BC associated with prognostic factors during follow-up. Results: The probability for nonprogressive BC (the zero part) was 56.14%. The probability of zero due to curation resulting from early detection and effective treatment was 44.34%. Overdiagnosis resulting from mammography screening program was 8.94% and high awareness was 2.86%. Among 43.86% progressive BC (the count part), 32.11% patients undergoing subsequent adjuvant therapies still remained alive after 15-year follow-up when adjusting for significant prognostic factors. The 15-year prognosis-adjusted cumulative survival of BC was dropped from 88.25% to 74.80% after correcting for the zero-inflated part of overdiagnosis. Conclusion: The proposed zero-inflated model with 15 years of follow-up data revealed 12% due to overdiagnosis after taking out the probability of zero due to curation as a result of early detection and effective treatment from the total zero part.

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Effects of Educating Women on Breast Cancer and Early Detection Post-Katrina

Clinical Scholars Review ◽

10.1891/1939-2095.5.1.14 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 14-17

Author(s):

Denise Roubion-Johnson ◽

Health Program

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Early Detection ◽

Hurricane Katrina ◽

Low Income ◽

Late Stage ◽

Mammography Screening ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Breast Clinic ◽

Screening Mammograms ◽

Poor Outcomes

Five years post-Hurricane Katrina, an increasing number of women in New Orleans have been d iagnosed with late stage invasive breast cancer despite the availability of a free breast clinic and mammography screening. Presentation of late-stage breast cancer limits treatment options and poor outcomes are more likely. An evidence-based educational program was provided in a relaxed informal setting to low-income women to increase their awareness of the importance of early detection and screening for breast cancer through the use of screening mammograms. Educating this underserved population of women on the importance of early detection of breast cancer and mammography screening sought to improve patient awareness and potentially increase the use of screening practices.

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