scholarly journals Contaminant bacteria in traditional-packed honey

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hening Tjaturina Pramesti ◽  
Karlina Hardjawinata ◽  
Putra Qadri Fath
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Honey Sample ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Morphology Characteristics ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci ◽  
Opportunist Pathogen ◽  
Colony Counter

Honey may be contaminated by microorganisms during its harvesting, processing, and packaging. Honey selected for clinical purposes must safe, sterile, and contain antimicrobial activity, so it must be evaluated using laboratory testing. The aim of this descriptive laboratory study was to isolate and identify the bacterial contaminant in the traditional-packed honey dealing with the use of honey for medical purposes. the colony forming units of honey sample cultured on blood agar were counted using Stuart bacterial colony counter. The suspected bacterial colonies were isolated and identified based on cultural morphology characteristics. The isolates of suspected bacterial colonies were stained according to Gram and Klein method and then were examined by the biochemical reaction. The results showed that there were two contaminant bacteria. Gram-positive cocci which were presumptively identified as coagulase-negative Staphylococci and gram-positive rods which were presumptively identified as Bacillus subtilis. In conclusion, the contaminant bacteria were regarded as low pathogen bacteria. The subtilin enzyme of B subtilis may cause an allergic reaction and coagulase-negative Staphylococci, Staphylococcus epidermidis is also an opportunist pathogen. Inevitably, for medical purposes, traditional-packed honey must be well filtered, water content above 18%, and standardized sterilization without loss of an antibacterial activity or change in properties.

scholarly journals Comparative In Vitro Activities of Ciprofloxacin, Gemifloxacin, Grepafloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Ofloxacin, Sparfloxacin, Trovafloxacin, and Other Antimicrobial Agents against Bloodstream Isolates of Gram-Positive Cocci

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 802-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight Hardy ◽  
Daniel Amsterdam ◽  
Lionel A. Mandell ◽  
Coleman Rotstein
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

ABSTRACT The in vitro activity of gemifloxacin against 316 bloodstream isolates of staphylococci, pneumococci, and enterococci was compared with the activities of six fluoroquinolones and three other antimicrobial agents. Of the antimicrobial agents tested, gemifloxacin was the most potent against penicillin-intermediate and -resistant pneumococci, methicillin-susceptible and -resistantStaphylococcus epidermidis isolates, and coagulase-negative staphylococci.

scholarly journals Nosocomial blood stream infections in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia, Islamic Republic of Iran, 1999-2001

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-484
Author(s):  
M. Rahbar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Stream ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Blood Stream Infections ◽  
Skin Contamination ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Ina 2-year retrospective study, the database of the microbiology laboratory of the Imam Khomeini Hospital was reviewed to identify patients who had nosocomial bacteraemia between 1 May 1999 and 31 May 2001 and identify the pathogen responsible and its resisitance to antibiotics. Of 6492 patients in various wards, 593 [9.1%] had positive blood cultures; 85 of those [14.3%] had signs of potential skin contamination. Gram-positive cocci, including coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and other Gram-positive cocci, accounted for 42.3% of isolates. Gram-negative bacilli were responsible for another 42.3% of isolates; Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the predominant isolate. Patterns of drug resistance varied according to species of bacteria but were generally quite high

scholarly journals Clinical Evaluation of the iCubate iC-GPC Assay for Detection of Gram-Positive Bacteria and Resistance Markers from Positive Blood Cultures

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Granato ◽  
Melissa M. Unz ◽  
Raymond H. Widen ◽  
Suzane Silbert ◽  
Stephen Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Sequencing Method ◽  
Resistance Markers ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

ABSTRACT The iC-GPC Assay (iCubate, Huntsville, AL) is a qualitative multiplex test for the detection of five of the most common Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterococcus faecium) responsible for bacterial bloodstream infections, performed directly from positive blood cultures. The assay also detects the presence of the mecA, vanA, and vanB resistance determinants. This study comparatively evaluated the performance of the iC-GPC Assay against the Verigene Gram-positive blood culture (BC-GP) assay (Luminex Corp., Austin, TX) for 1,134 patient blood culture specimens positive for Gram-positive cocci. The iC-GPC Assay had an overall percent agreement with the BC-GP assay of 95.5%. Discordant specimens were further analyzed by PCR and a bidirectional sequencing method. The results indicate that the iC-GPC Assay together with the iCubate system is an accurate and reliable tool for the detection of the five most common Gram-positive bacteria and their resistance markers responsible for bloodstream infections.

scholarly journals DALBACEN cohort: dalbavancin as consolidation therapy in patients with endocarditis and/or bloodstream infection produced by gram-positive cocci

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Hidalgo-Tenorio ◽  
David Vinuesa ◽  
Antonio Plata ◽  
Pilar Martin Dávila ◽  
Simona Iftimie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Consolidation Therapy ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Profile ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Abstract Objectives To analyse the effectiveness of dalbavancin (DBV) in clinical practice as consolidation therapy in patients with bloodstream infection (BSI) and/or infective endocarditis (IE) produced by gram-positive cocci (GPC), as well as its safety and pharmacoeconomic impact. Methods A multicentre, observational and retrospective study was conducted of hospitalised patients with IE and/or BSI produced by GPC who received at least one dose of DBV. Clinical response was assessed during hospitalization, at 3 months and at 1 year. Results Eighty-three patients with median age of 73 years were enrolled; 73.5% were male; 59.04% had BSI and 49.04% IE (44.04% prosthetic valve IE, 32.4% native IE, 23.5% pacemaker lead). The most frequently isolated microorganism was Staphylococcus aureus in BSI (49%) and coagulase-negative staphylococci in IE (44.1%). All patients with IE were clinically cured in hospital; at 12 months, there was 2.9% loss to follow-up, 8.8% mortality unrelated to IE, and 2.9% therapeutic failure rate. The percentage effectiveness of DBV to treat IE was 96.7%. The clinical cure rate for BSI was 100% during hospital stay and at 3 months; there were no recurrences or deaths during the follow-up. No patient discontinued treatment for adverse events. The saving in hospital stay was 636 days for BSI (315,424.20€) and 557 days for IE (283,187.45€). Conclusions DBV is an effective consolidation antibiotic therapy in clinically stabilized patients with IE and/or BSI. It proved to be a cost-effective treatment, reducing the hospital stay, thanks to the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile of this drug.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Profile of Neonatal Sepsis and Antibiogram of the Isolates

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Roshan Parajuli ◽  
Narayan Dutt Pant ◽  
Raju Bhandari ◽  
Anil Giri ◽  
Suman Rai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Bacteriological Profile ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is a serious problem in developing countries like Nepal. The main objectives of this study were to determine the bacteriological profile of neonatal sepsis, to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the causative agents and to evaluate the association between the neonatal sepsis and the different characteristics of the neonates.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted among a total of 450 neonates suspected of suffering from sepsis. Blood culture was performed using statdard microbiological techniques. The colonies grown were identified on the basis of colony morphology, Gram’s stain and biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptiblility testing was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Out of total 450 blood samples, 92 (20.4%) were culture positive. Of which,  16 (17.4%) samples contained  gram negative bacteria and 76 (82.6%) samples contained gram positive cocci. The most common bacterial pathogens isolated were Staphylococcus epidermidis (67.4%) followed by Escherichia coli (13%). All gram positive cocci were susceptible to vancomycin, while all gram negative bacilli were sensitive to amikacin. There was statistically significant relationship between neonatal sepsis and gestation age of neonates.Conclusions: Neonatal sepsis is still present as a serious problem in Nepal. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common cause of the neonatal sepsis. Prematurely delivered neonates should be given more care, as they are more prone to suffering from neonatal sepsis. Vancomycin and amikacin can be used as the drugs of choice for preliminary treatment of neonatal sepsis in our settings.

Human Skin Flora as a Potential Source of Epidural Abscess

1996 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 1276-1282. ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukeyuki Sato ◽  
Tadakazu Sakuragi ◽  
Kenjiro Dan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Epidural Block ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Skin Disinfection ◽  
Skin Flora ◽  
Back Surgery ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Background The mechanism of epidural infection associated with epidural block is not clearly understood. Resident organisms in skin specimens were studied after skin was prepared with disinfectants. Methods Sixty-nine paired skin specimens were excised at incisional sites after skin disinfection with 10% povidone-iodine (10% PVP-I) or 0.5% chlorhexidine in 80% ethanol (0.5% CHE) from 60 patients having back surgery. One of the specimen pairs was placed in 10 ml brain-heart infusion broth and incubated in air at 37 degrees C for 96 h. The other specimen was sectioned at 3 microns and prepared with Gram's stain for examination with the microscope. Results Thirteen gram-positive staphylococcal species (Staphylococcus epidermidis, 69.2%; S. hyicus, 15.4%; and S. capitis, 15.4%) were isolated from cultures. The isolates were found in a significantly greater proportion of the skin specimens disinfected with 10% PVP-I than in those disinfected with 0.5% CHE (11 of 34 cultures [32.4%] vs. 2 of 35 cultures [5.7%]; P < 0.01). Many gram-positive cocci were observed with the microscope in 4 (11.8%) and 5 (14.3%) of 34 and 35 skin specimens disinfected with 10% PVP-I and 0.5% CHE, respectively. The cocci formed a dense colony in each follicle and in the stratum corneum. No organism was present in any of 17,584 sweat glands examined. Conclusions In a large proportion of patients, isolation of viable organisms from excised skin specimens after disinfection with 10% PVP-I suggests that contamination of the epidural space by the skin flora may be a potential mechanism of epidural infection associated with epidural block.

Staphylococci

2020 ◽  
pp. 991-1010
Author(s):  
Kyle J. Popovich ◽  
Robert A. Weinstein ◽  
Bala Hota
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Renal Dialysis ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Intravenous Drug Users ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Skin Commensals ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

This chapter looks at staphylococci, which are Gram-positive cocci that form clusters, but can occur singly, in pairs, chains, or tetrads. They are classically distinguished from other Gram-positive cocci by presence of catalase, an enzyme that degrades hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). S. aureus is distinguished from other coagulase-negative staphylococci, which are generally less virulent, by the presence of coagulase, an enzyme that coagulates plasma. Many toxins and regulatory elements enhance virulence in staphylococci. Staphylococci are skin commensals. About 20% of adults are persistently colonized by S. aureus, 60% are intermittently colonized, and 20% are never colonized. High-risk groups for S. aureus colonization include infants, insulin-dependent diabetics, intravenous drug users, HIV-infected patients, and renal dialysis patients. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was once predominantly seen in hospitals. However, over the past twenty years the epidemiology of MRSA has significantly changed, with MRSA infections now being observed in community settings.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of DX-619 and Comparison Quinolones against Gram-Positive Cocci

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 2255-2257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Wickman ◽  
Jennifer A. Black ◽  
Ellen Smith Moland ◽  
Kenneth S. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

ABSTRACT The in vitro activity of the novel quinolone DX-619 was compared to those of currently available quinolones against U.S. clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, Enterococcus spp., Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. DX-619 was the most potent quinolone overall, indicating possible utility as an anti-gram-positive quinolone.

scholarly journals Activity of a New Oral Streptogramin, XRP2868, against Gram-Positive Cocci Harboring Various Mechanisms of Resistance to Streptogramins

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Dupuis ◽  
Roland Leclercq
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

ABSTRACT The antibacterial activity of XRP2868, a new oral streptogramin composed of a combination of RPR132552 (streptogramin A) and RPR202868 (streptogramin B), was evaluated against a collection of clinical gram-positive isolates with characterized phenotypes and genotypes of streptogramin resistance. The effects of genes for resistance to streptogramin A or B on the activity of XRP2868 and its components were also tested by cloning these genes individually or in various combinations in gram-positive recipient strains susceptible to quinupristin-dalfopristin. The species tested included Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and other species of streptococci. XRP2868 was generally fourfold more potent than quinupristin-dalfopristin against S. aureus, E. faecium, and streptococci and had activity against E. faecalis (MICs = 0.25 to 1 μg/ml). XRP2868 appeared to be affected by the same mechanisms of resistance as those to quinupristin-dalfopristin. Nevertheless, the strong activity of factor A of the oral streptogramin enabled the combination to be very potent against streptogramin-susceptible staphylococci, streptococci, and E. faecium (MICs = 0.03 to 0.25 μg/ml) and to retain low MICs against the strains harboring a mechanism of resistance to factor A or factor B of the streptogramin. However, the combination of mechanisms of resistance to factors A and B caused an increase in the MICs of XRP2868, which reached 1 to 4 μg/ml. As with the other streptogramins, there was a reduction in the bactericidal effect of XRPR2868 when the staphylococcal strains acquired a constitutively expressed erm gene.

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