scholarly journals Capacidad tributaria y finanzas públicas metropolitanas en México / Fiscal Capacity and Metropolitan Public Finances in Mexico

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Genaro Aguilar Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Econometric Model ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Model ◽  
Fiscal Capacity ◽  
Fiscal Effort ◽  
Public Finances ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
Tax Capacity

En este artículo se examinan los factores determinantes de la capacidad tributaria del Distrito Federal y 25 municipios en tres zonas metropolitanas de México. Se presentan algunos modelos que han sido formulados en la literatura internacional de frontera para cuantificar el potencial de obtención de recursos tributarios. Su principal contribución consiste en aplicar un modelo econométrico robusto, el Modelo de Frontera Estocástica, para medir la capacidad de obtención de recursos fiscales en tres zonas metropolitanas de México y cuantificar el grado de esfuerzo fiscal desplegado por 25 municipios y el Distrito Federal durante el periodo 1992-2007. AbstractThis article examines the factors that determine the tax capacity of the Federal District and 25 municipalities in three metropolitan zones in Mexico. The author presents models that have been formulated in international frontier literature to determine the potential for obtaining tax resources. His main contribution involves implementing a robust econometric model, the Stochastic Frontier Model to measure the capacity for obtaining resources in three metropolitan zones in Mexico and determine the degree of fiscal effort made by 25 municipalities and the Federal District during the period from 1992 to 2007.

scholarly journals Un repaso de los conceptos sobre capacidad y esfuerzo fiscal, y su aplicación en los gobiernos locales mexicanos / A Review of the Concepts of Fiscal Capacity and Effort and their Application to Mexican Local Governments

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Sour
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Fiscal Capacity ◽  
Fiscal Effort ◽  
Public Finances ◽  
Available Information

En este estudio se revisan los métodos con que es posible calcular el esfuerzo y la capacidad fiscal de una región, y se demuestra que la falta de disponibilidad de información limita las posibilidades de examinar estos aspectos de las finanzas públicas. Se presentan además algunos de los esfuerzos teóricos y empíricos que se han realizado con la intención de brindar un panorama general sobre el tema. Se calculan el esfuerzo y la capacidad fiscal de 2 412 gobiernos locales de México para los años 1993 a 2004. Los resultados cuestionan el mito de que los gobiernos locales grandes suelen desarrollar un mayor esfuerzo fiscal ante la política de transferencias, sean éstas condicionadas o no condicionadas. AbstractThis study reviews the methods used to calculate the fiscal effort and capacity of a region, showing that the lack of available information reduces the possibilities of examining these aspects of public finances. It also presents some of the theoretical and empirical efforts made to provide an overview of the issue. The fiscal effort and capacity of 2,412 local governments in Mexico is calculated for the period from 1993 to 2004. The results question the myth that large local governments tend to make a greater fiscal effort as a result of the policy of transfers, regardless of whether or not the latter are conditioned.

scholarly journals Analysis of the potential and fiscal effort of the countries of the West African Economic and Monetary Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-41
Author(s):  
Larba Issa Kobyagda ◽  
Kouadio Yves Arnaud Binin
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Union ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
West African ◽  
Economic And Monetary Union ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Model ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
The West ◽  
Fiscal Effort ◽  
Resource Mobilisation

This article aimed to analyse the fiscal potential of member countries of the West African Economic and Monetary Union Commission (WAEMU) space. This issue seems to be relevant insofar as fiscal resources are a function of the states’ budget. The method of analysis used in this paper is the stochastic frontier model of Kumbakar, Lien & Hardaker (2014) for the period 1987-2017. The results showed that the tax burden is determined by structural factors and that in most countries the tax potential can be further exploited. Similarly, the tax effort can be improved for a more visible performance in terms of resource mobilisation in the majority of countries. These results can contribute to improving the choice and decisions of the WAEMU Commission on fiscal policies.

scholarly journals Relação do índice de gastos com pessoal e a crise fiscal do estado do Rio de Janeiroum estudo comparativo interestadual

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Rogelio Gerônimo-Santos ◽  
Renato Rugene de Carvalho ◽  
Sidnei Pereira do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Federal District ◽  
The Other ◽  
Subprime Crisis ◽  
Personnel Expenses ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
State Index ◽  
Janeiro State ◽  
Personnel Expenditure

Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o índice de gastos com pessoal dos estados e do Distrito Federal no período de 2000 a 2015 a partir do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, após o início da crise subprime, em 2008. A metodologia empregada foi o modelo econométrico de Diferença em Diferença com Ajuste de Poligonais. Os resultados demonstraram que todos estados aumentaram seus índices de gastos com pessoal após o ano de 2008. Todavia, o índice do Estado do Rio de Janeiro superou, comparativamente, aos demais estados da Confederação, após o início da crise subprime, em 2008. ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to evaluate the personnel expenditure of the states and the Federal District between 2000 to 2015 from the State of Rio de Janeiro after the start of the subprime crisis in 2008. The methodology used was the econometric model of Difference in Difference with Polygonal Adjustment. The results showed that all states increased their personnel expenses after 2008. However, the Rio de Janeiro state index surpassed compared to the other states of the Confederation e o Federal District, after the start of the subprime crisis in 2008. Keywords: Subprime Crisis; State Finances; Index of Personnel Expenses; Rio de Janeiro;

Suitability of forms of preparing seeds of Dalbergia miscolobium Benth for exposure to the tetrazolium test / Adequação das formas de preparação de sementes de Dalbergia miscolobium Benth para exposição ao teste de tetrazolium

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Martins de Mesquita Matos ◽  
Rosana De Carvalho Cristo Martins ◽  
Valéria Regina Bellotto ◽  
Lilian Gomes da Silva Rocha ◽  
Eloiza Aparecida Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Tetrazolium Test

Dalbergia miscolobium or Jacarandá do Cerrado is a species of legume in the Fabaceae family. It occurs in the sensu stricto Cerrado and in the dystrophic cerradão. It shows potential for landscaping and for recovering damaged areas. It is an endangered species and therefore is protected by the law that prevents cut in areas of the Federal District (Decree No. 14.783/93). The purpose of this study was to determine the best procedure to prepare seeds of Dalbergia miscolobium to assess viability in the tetrazolium test. We carried out the following treatments: i) hydration on filter paper at 25 ° C, ii) hydration on filter paper at 25 ° C followed by a cut in the tegument and iii) hydration on filter paper at 25 ° C followed bya complete removal of the tegument. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance and the Tukey range test. The analyzes showed that the best procedure to prepare seeds of Dalbergia miscolobium is the treatment in which there is a hydration followed by the complete removal of the integument. Where 78% of the seeds showed uniform staining, indicating that the seeds analyzed are of good quality. The other treatments, hydration and hydration followed by cutting, showed respectively 35% and 41% of viable seeds. RESUMO A Dalbergia miscolobium ou Jacarandá do Cerrado é uma espécie de leguminosa da família Fabaceae. Ocorre no sentido stricto Cerrado e no cerradão distrófico. Possui potencial para paisagismo e para recuperar áreas degradadas. É uma espécie ameaçada de extinção e, portanto, está protegida pela lei que previne o corte em áreas do Distrito Federal (Decreto 14.783 / 93). O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o melhor procedimento de prepararação das sementes de Dalbergia miscolobium para serem submetidas à análise de viabilidade pelo teste de tetrazólio. Foram realizados os seguintes tratamentos: i) hidratação em papel de filtro a 25 ° C, ii) hidratação em papel de filtro a 25 ° C seguida de um corte no tegumento e iii) hidratação em papel de filtro a 25 ° C seguido de remoção completa do tegumento. Os resultados foram analisados utilizando-se a análise de variância e o teste de médias de Tukey. As análises mostraram que o melhor procedimento para preparar sementes de Dalbergia miscolobium é o tratamento em que há uma hidratação seguida pela remoção completa do tegumento, onde 78% das sementes apresentaram coloração uniforme, indicando que as sementes analisadas são de boa qualidade. Os demais tratamentos, hidratação e hidratação seguida de corte, mostraram respectivamente 35% e 41% de sementes viáveis.

scholarly journals Estimation of technical efficiency of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) farming in northwest Ethiopia: a stochastic frontier approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abebe Birara Dessie ◽  
Tadie Mirie Abate ◽  
Betelhem Tsedalu Adane ◽  
Tiru Tesfa ◽  
Shegaw Getu
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Model ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Ethiopia is one of the east African countries which produce and exports various spices to other countries. Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) is an important stiff annual flowering plant which mainly grows by producers for its seeds. An increasing demand of black cumin seed and oil in local, national and international market for medicinal, consumption and commercial purpose makes the best alternative crop for small holder farmers in Ethiopia. In spite of its importance, not much has been done to improve its production and productivity in Ethiopia. Therefore, this research was designed to examining efficiency variations and factors influencing technical inefficiency levels of producers on black cumin production in northwest Ethiopia. Primary data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire administered on 188 black cumin producers selected using systematic random sampling technique. Moreover, various data analysis methods such as descriptive statistics and stochastic frontier model were used for analyzing the data. The empirical result obtained by applying maximum likelihood estimate of stochastic frontier model revealed that seed (p < 0.01) labor (p < 0.05), chemical (p < 0.01) and land (p < 0.05) were significant input variables in determining black cumin production. The mean technical efficiency level of black cumin producer was generally low, about 53.1%. The mean value of actual yield, potential yield and yield gap was 3.131, 5.832 and 2.701 quintals, respectively. Moreover, the result of stochastic frontier model together with the inefficiency parameters revealed that market price of black cumin (p < 0.01) and access of extension service (p < 0.1) were significant variables and positively influenced the efficiency levels of black cumin producers. Whereas age of producers (p < 0.05) and distance to farm plot (p < 0.01) negatively influenced the technical efficiency levels of black cumin producers. Therefore, the study recommends that adoption of latest agricultural technologies; development of institutions, agricultural extension services and infrastructure are advisable to improve the efficiency and commercial value of black cumin production.

scholarly journals How Earmarking Government Revenue Affects Efficiency of Road Construction and Maintenance

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-163
Author(s):  
Ramon Christen ◽  
Nils C. Soguel
Keyword(s):  
Public Choice ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Government Revenue ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Model ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Per Capita

It is common practice to assign revenue to accomplish specific governmental tasks in general and to provide transport infrastructure in particular. However, neither the literature in public administration nor in public choice has reached a consensus about the effects that earmarking has on efficiency. Building on earlier public choice models, we argue that this mechanism prevents budget debates from occurring and reduces the incentives for ministers to monitor the colleagues whose budgets are financed by earmarked revenues. These latter tend to overuse public resources, thus increasing inefficiency. A stochastic frontier model fed with data from Swiss cantonal ministries of transport from 2000 to 2016 tests this hypothesis. The results reveal a negative effect of earmarking on efficiency. For every 1,000 additional Swiss francs per capita financed out of an earmarked fund, the input requirement increases by 5.4 percent on average.

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