scholarly journals PERUBAHAN SIFAT FISIK DAN STABILITAS DIMENSI KAYU AKIBAT PENGAWETAN MENGGUNAKAN IMPREGNASI KARBONDIOKSIDA

PERENNIAL ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asdar
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Wood Identification ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Perforation Plates

The anatomical characteristics were studied to collect information for wood identification of Gyrinops versteegii from Gorontalo. Anatomical characterisics were determined from microtome sectioned samples and macerated samples. Observation of anatomical structure in accordance to IAWA List included vessel (diameter, height, grouping, frequention, porosity, arrangement, perforation plates, deposits, and pits), rays (type, height, width and frequention), parenchyme, and fiber (diameter, diameter of lumina and wall thickness). The research results obtained are G. versteegii has included phloem, diffuse porous, radial multiple 2-4(7), 90 µm in tangential diameter, 14 per sq.mm, simple perforation plates, intervessel pit alternate and no deposites in vessel. Rays uniseriate, heterocellular and 8,4 rays per mm. Axial parenchyma diffuse or associated with included phloem and there are fusiform parenchyma cells. Intercellular canals absent. This wood has short size and very thin walled fiber. Keywords: Agar wood, wood anatomy, included phloem, G. versteegii

scholarly journals Using Lenses Attached to a Smartphone as a Macroscopic Early Warning Tool in the Illegal Timber Trade, in Particular for CITES-Listed Species

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1147
Author(s):  
Paloma de Palacios ◽  
Luis G. Esteban ◽  
Peter Gasson ◽  
Francisco García-Fernández ◽  
Antonio de Marco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Protected Species ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Timber Trade ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Helical Thickenings

Wood anatomy is a key discipline as a tool for monitoring the global timber trade, particularly for wood listed in protected species conventions such as Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES). One of the main barriers to reducing illegal trafficking of protected species is ensuring that customs officials with appropriate training in wood anatomy are equipped with simple tools, at both the origin and destination of shipments, so they can raise an early warning about wood suspected of contravening international treaties and immediately send samples to a specialised laboratory. This work explains how lenses attached to a smartphone, capable of achieving up to 400× magnification using the phone digital zoom, can be used to distinguish features that are not visible with traditional 10× or 12× lenses, enhancing the capacity to view features not typically observable in the field. In softwoods, for example, this method permits determination of the type of axial parenchyma arrangement, whether there are helical thickenings in axial tracheids and whether axial tracheids have organic deposits or contain alternate polygonal pits, and in the rays, if the tracheids are smooth-walled or dentate and if the cross-field pits are window-like. In hardwoods, it allows verification of the presence of tyloses and deposits in vessels, the type of perforation plates and whether the intervascular pitting is scalariform; in the rays it is possible to differentiate the types of ray cells; and in the axial parenchyma, to determine the presence of oil cells. In addition, unlike macroscopic analysis with a conventional magnifying lens, this type of lens can be used with the appropriate mobile application for the biometry of important elements such as ray height and vessel diameter.

scholarly journals Anatomia da madeira de Acacia plumosa Lowe (Leguminosae Mimodoideae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Newton Cardoso Marchiori
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Short Length ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Perforation Plates

The objective of this work is to study the wood anatomy of Acacia plumosa Lowe. The anatomical structure presents semi-ring porosity, vessel members of very short to short length, simple perforation plates, intervascular pits with vestures, axial parenchyma in paratracheal vasicentric and marginal crystalliferous arrangement, homogeneous and commonly biseriate rays, and septate libriform fibres. The presence of intercellular axial channels and cellular channels in the ray structure are of great taxonomic value. The late feature was unknown to the genus Acacia. The wood anatomy indicates that the species studied can be, classified in the series Vulgares Bentham, which corresponds, in general lines, to the sub-genus Aculeiferum of the Vassal's system.

scholarly journals Anatomía de la madera de las especies mexicanas de Salvia sección Erythrostachys Epl. (Lamiaceae)

2017 ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Ceja-Romero ◽  
Carmen de la Paz Pérez-Olvera ◽  
Jesús Rivera-Tapia
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Starch Grains ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Helical Thickenings

The wood anatomy of Salvia pubescens, S. regla, and S. sessei is described. These species are included within the section Erythrostachys, subgenus Calosphace, genus Salvia. Two samples were collected for each species to obtain permanent slides. Transverse, radial and tangential sections were used to describe the anatomy of each taxon. The wood has ring porosity, the tangential vessel diameter is small (34-85 μm), the vessel elements are short (94-257 μm) with alternate pitting, helical thickenings and simple perforation plates. Vasicentric tracheids are present. Axial parenchyma is paratracheal scanty, apotracheal diffuse, and marginal. Rays are uniseriate and multiseriate, heterogeneous, aggregate and non aggregate. Libriform fibers are septate and non septate. Gums, tyloses, starch grains and prismatic crystals were observed. These features agree with previous reports for the genus.

Wood Anatomy of the Predominantly African Representatives of the Tribe Psychotrieae (Rubiaceae-Rubioideae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Jansen ◽  
Elmar Robbrecht ◽  
Hans Beeckman ◽  
Erik Smets
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fruit Morphology ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Perforation Plate ◽  
Generic Delimitation ◽  
Variation Patterns ◽  
Perforation Plates

Wood samples of representatives of Chassalia, Chazaliella, Gaertnera, Hymenocoleus, Pagamea and Psychotria are examined. The generic delimitation of these predominantly African Psychotrieae, which is mainly based on fruit morphology, is compared with wood anatomical variation patterns. Part of the variation observed is related to habit, e. g. wide vessels in the tree species Psychotria dermatophylla. Other features do have systematic significance, as shown by a cluster analysis of the data obtained. The genus pair Gaertnera/Pagamea differs obviously from the other genera and is wood anatomically clearly distinguished by the presence of fibre-tracheids and parenchyma bands. Chassalia, Chazaliella, Hymenocoleus and Psychotria have rather similar wood structure, although variation in vessel diameter, vessel arrangement, ray composition and axial parenchyma occurs. Several uncommon features are recorded: the presence of few to numerous openings in one oblique perforation plate, irregular reticulate perforation plates and multiple vessel-ray perforations with marked irregularity.

scholarly journals Anatomia da madeira de Ximenia americana L. (Olacaceae)

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Graciela I. Bolzón de Muñiz ◽  
José Newton Cardoso Marchiori
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Intermediate Position ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Vascular Elements ◽  
Ximenia Americana ◽  
Perforation Plates

The wood anatomy of Ximenia americana L. is described, based in one specimen colected in Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Quantitative data and photomicrographs of the anatomical structure are presented. The wood has extremely numerous pores in solitary arrangement, very short to short vascular elements, exclusively simple perforation plates, apotracheal-diffuse axial parenchyma, fibrotracheids and heterogeneous - II rays. The wood anatomy of Ximenia places the genus in an intermediate position within family Olacaceae.

Comparative wood anatomy of Eucryphia wilkiei and E. jinksii (Cunoniaceae): two narrow endemics from Queensland, Australia

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 739
Author(s):  
Imogen Poole ◽  
Richard W. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Anatomical Data ◽  
Narrow Endemics ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Comparative Wood Anatomy

Qualitative and quantitative wood anatomical data are given for two narrow Queensland endemic Eucryphia species, E. wilkiei B.Hyland and Eucryphia jinksii P.I.Forst. Comparisons of wood anatomy of all extant Eucryphia taxa show that E. jinksii and E. wilkiei are distinct from each other, and other Eucryphia species. However, for both species characters relating to perforation plates, helical thickening (E. wilkiei only) and fibres are shared with the South American species, whereas the presence of crystals in the axial parenchyma is shared only with the Australian species. These data suggest that, based on wood anatomy, E. jinksii and E. wilkiei are basal among Australian species.

scholarly journals WOOD ANATOMY OF THE VANGUERIEAE (IXOROIDEAERUBIACEAE), WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON SOME GEOFRUTICES

IAWA Journal ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic Lens ◽  
Steven Jansen ◽  
Elmar Robbrecht ◽  
Erik Smets
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Underground Structures ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
Primary Xylem ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

The Vanguerieae is a tribe consisting of about 500 species ordered in 27 genera. Although this tribe is mainly represented in Africa and Madagascar, Vanguerieae also occur in tropical Asia, Australia, and the isles of the Pacific Ocean. This study gives a detailed wood anatomical description of 34 species of 15 genera based on LM and SEM observations. The secondary xylem is homogeneous throughout the tribe and fits well into the Ixoroideae s.l. on the basis of fibre-tracheids and diffuse to diffuse-in-aggregates axial parenchyma. The Vanguerieae include numerous geofrutices that are characterised by massive woody branched or unbranched underground parts and slightly ramified unbranched aboveground twigs. The underground structures of geofrutices are not homologous; a central pith is found in three species (Fadogia schmitzii, Pygmaeothamnus zeyheri and Tapiphyllum cinerascens var. laetum), while Fadogiella stigmatoloba shows central primary xylem which is characteristic of roots. Comparison of underground versus aboveground wood shows anatomical differences in vessel diameter and in the quantity of parenchyma and fibres.

A new fossil wood of Peltophoroxylon (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) from the El Palmar Formation (late Pleistocene), Entre Ríos, Argentina

IAWA Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Soledad Ramos ◽  
Mariana Brea ◽  
Romina Pardo
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
First Record ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
Entre Rios

This paper describes the first record of Peltophoroxylon (Ramanujam) Müller-Stoll et Mädel 1967 from the late Pleistocene of Argentina. The fossil specimens were recovered from the Colonia Ayuí and Punta Viracho fossil localities of the El Palmar Formation, located in the middle part of the Uruguay Basin, eastern Argentina. The diagnostic features are: growth ring boundaries demarcated by marginal parenchyma, medium-sized vestured intervessel pits, vessel-ray parenchyma pits similar in size and shape to intervessel pits, vasicentric to lozenge type aliform axial parenchyma, biseriate (70%) and uniseriate (30%) homocellular rays, non-septate and septate fibers, and long chains (10+) of prismatic crystals in chambered axial parenchyma cells. These features suggest a relationship with Peltophorum (Vogel) Benth. (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae). The vessel diameter and vessel density of the El Palmar woods are consistent with the temperate-warm, humid-semiarid climate inferred for this region during the late Pleistocene.

Wood Anatomy of Lithraea Ternifolia (Gill.) Barkley ' Rom. (Anacardiaceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Martijena
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Wood Structure ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Diffuse Porous

A description of the wood structure of Lithraea ternifolia (Gill.) Barkley ' Rom. (Anacardiaceae) is given. It is diffuse-porous, with pores solitary, in multiples, clusters and in chains, and small vessels with simple perforation plates. The rays are uni- and multiseriate, heterogeneous. It has paratracheal axial parenchyma and libriform fibres. Disjunctive cells and crystalliferous strands are present. The hydraulic tissue seems weil adapted to prolonged dry periods. One growth ring is generally formed each year. Moreover, other types of growth layers are delineated: intra-annual, lens-, half-Iens-, and arcshaped.

scholarly journals WOOD ANATOMY OF SEVEN SPECIES KNOWN AS "PAU-PARA-TUDO" IN BRAZIL

CERNE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claúdia Luizon Dias Leme
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Drimys Brasiliensis ◽  
Perforation Plates

ABSTRACT Different medicinal plant species can be sold under the same common name. Considering the importance of the correct identification, this study aims to separate, using wood anatomy, seven species popularly known as pau-para-tudo. The results show that Drimys brasiliensis is separated from the others by the presence of tracheids. Capsicodendron dinisii hhas scalariform perforation plates and oil cells associated with the axial parenchyma. Axial parenchyma paratracheal vasicentric and in marginal bands beyond the rays' width, can separate Osteophoeum platyspermum from Simaba cedron. Handroanthus serratifolius has the unique presence of the axial unilateral paratracheal parenchyma and storied cell elements (parenchyma, fibers and vessel elements). Rauvolfia sellowii and Leptolobium dasycarpum can be separated by the number of square/upright marginal ray cells, greater in Rauvolfia sellowii. Thus, this work shows that wood anatomy is a valuable tool for species separation, helps with the identification and consequently is important for the quality control of plant product.

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