Comparative wood anatomy of Eucryphia wilkiei and E. jinksii (Cunoniaceae): two narrow endemics from Queensland, Australia

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 739
Author(s):  
Imogen Poole ◽  
Richard W. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Anatomical Data ◽  
Narrow Endemics ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Comparative Wood Anatomy

Qualitative and quantitative wood anatomical data are given for two narrow Queensland endemic Eucryphia species, E. wilkiei B.Hyland and Eucryphia jinksii P.I.Forst. Comparisons of wood anatomy of all extant Eucryphia taxa show that E. jinksii and E. wilkiei are distinct from each other, and other Eucryphia species. However, for both species characters relating to perforation plates, helical thickening (E. wilkiei only) and fibres are shared with the South American species, whereas the presence of crystals in the axial parenchyma is shared only with the Australian species. These data suggest that, based on wood anatomy, E. jinksii and E. wilkiei are basal among Australian species.

Comparative Wood Anatomy of Southern South American Cupressaceae

IAWA Journal ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidel A. Roig
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Parenchyma Cell ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
South American ◽  
Distributional Pattern ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
Comparative Wood Anatomy ◽  
Fitzroya Cupressoides

The wood anatomy is described for the Cupressaceae indigenous to southem South America: Austrocedrus chilensis, Pilgerodendron uviferum and Fitzroya cupressoides. The abundance and distributional pattern of axial parenchyma within each annual ring, height, and the presence or absence of nodules in the end walls of ray parenchyma are all useful anatomical features for distinguishing between the three species. Physical characteristics such as odour and heartwood colour also can be used to separate these species. Axial parenchyma cell length and tracheid length show considerable interspecific variation. Tracheid lengths of Pilgerodendron, but not of Austrocedrus and Fitzroya, decrease with increasing latitude.

scholarly journals Comparative wood anatomy of Korean Viburnum L. (Adoxaceae) and its taxonomic implication

PhytoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 27-46
Author(s):  
Balkrishna Ghimire ◽  
Dong Chan Son ◽  
Beom Kyun Park ◽  
Seung-Hwan Oh
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Tangential Plane ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Bordered Pits ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Comparative Wood Anatomy

Comparative wood anatomy of Viburnum was carried out to understand the differences in wood features amongst the species which might be useful for taxonomic discrimination in the genus. Altogether, nine taxa belonging to five clades were investigated using a sliding microtome and light microscopy. The growth rings are well represented and earlywood and latewood are distinguishable in cross-section. Some of the important wood features include angular, oval and rounded vessels with scalariform perforation plates, opposite to scalariform inter-vessel pitting, rounded pits with slit-like apertures, thick-walled xylem tracheids with simple, rounded bordered pits, diffuse axial parenchyma, uni- and multiseriate rays, 2–4 cells wide. In general, there is a remarkable uniformity in the qualitative wood features in Viburnum species, although quantitative measurement showed some disparities. The most significant quantitative wood variables which might be useful for taxonomic groupings of the species comprise a frequency of vessels and rays, the diameter of the vessels and tracheids in the radial and tangential planes and height and width of rays in the tangential plane.

Wood Anatomy of Lithraea Ternifolia (Gill.) Barkley ' Rom. (Anacardiaceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Martijena
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Wood Structure ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Diffuse Porous

A description of the wood structure of Lithraea ternifolia (Gill.) Barkley ' Rom. (Anacardiaceae) is given. It is diffuse-porous, with pores solitary, in multiples, clusters and in chains, and small vessels with simple perforation plates. The rays are uni- and multiseriate, heterogeneous. It has paratracheal axial parenchyma and libriform fibres. Disjunctive cells and crystalliferous strands are present. The hydraulic tissue seems weil adapted to prolonged dry periods. One growth ring is generally formed each year. Moreover, other types of growth layers are delineated: intra-annual, lens-, half-Iens-, and arcshaped.

scholarly journals Aspects of pharmacognostic evaluation of the herbs for a traditional antimalarial (maloff-hb) powdered formulation in ogbomoso, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
A.T.J. Ogunkunle ◽  
J.E. Ideh ◽  
G.F. Olaniran ◽  
F.O. Olu
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
International Association ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Herbal Drug ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Inadequate Information ◽  
Diagnostic Values ◽  
Tissue Maceration

Maloff-HB is a documented traditional oral powdered herbal drug in Ogbomoso, Nigeria whose botanical constituents, ascorbic acid and mineral elements composition have been quantified but there is inadequate information on the pharmacognostic properties of the nine herbal materials for its formulation. This study therefore sought to elucidate the bark and wood anatomy of eight of the nine herbs used in the formulation, and identify the diagnostic markers for their authentication. The conventional anatomical techniques of transverse sectioning (TS) and tissue maceration (TIM) were used to draw out 21 characteristics from the root barks of the eight woody species studied. In addition, 41 features of the wood in the roots of three of the species were drawn using TS, transverse longitudinal sectioning (TLS), radial longitudinal sectioning (RLS) and TIM. Following staining, mounting and microscopic examinations, the observed qualitative and quantitative features were taxonomically described in accordance with the provisions of International Association of Wood Anatomists, and their diagnostic values among the medicinal herbs were explored. Bark anatomical markers that are clearly diagnostic of the species studied included features of the secondary cortex, phloem rays, axial parenchyma, sclereids and resin ducts. In the wood, these included features of the vessels in the TS and variable ray characteristics in the TLS. The two artificial keys obtained from discontinuities in qualitative and quantitative features observed in the barks and the woods are useful tools for reliable identification of the herbal materials studied.

scholarly journals WOOD ANATOMY OF SEVEN SPECIES KNOWN AS "PAU-PARA-TUDO" IN BRAZIL

CERNE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claúdia Luizon Dias Leme
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Drimys Brasiliensis ◽  
Perforation Plates

ABSTRACT Different medicinal plant species can be sold under the same common name. Considering the importance of the correct identification, this study aims to separate, using wood anatomy, seven species popularly known as pau-para-tudo. The results show that Drimys brasiliensis is separated from the others by the presence of tracheids. Capsicodendron dinisii hhas scalariform perforation plates and oil cells associated with the axial parenchyma. Axial parenchyma paratracheal vasicentric and in marginal bands beyond the rays' width, can separate Osteophoeum platyspermum from Simaba cedron. Handroanthus serratifolius has the unique presence of the axial unilateral paratracheal parenchyma and storied cell elements (parenchyma, fibers and vessel elements). Rauvolfia sellowii and Leptolobium dasycarpum can be separated by the number of square/upright marginal ray cells, greater in Rauvolfia sellowii. Thus, this work shows that wood anatomy is a valuable tool for species separation, helps with the identification and consequently is important for the quality control of plant product.

scholarly journals Using Lenses Attached to a Smartphone as a Macroscopic Early Warning Tool in the Illegal Timber Trade, in Particular for CITES-Listed Species

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1147
Author(s):  
Paloma de Palacios ◽  
Luis G. Esteban ◽  
Peter Gasson ◽  
Francisco García-Fernández ◽  
Antonio de Marco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Protected Species ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Timber Trade ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Helical Thickenings

Wood anatomy is a key discipline as a tool for monitoring the global timber trade, particularly for wood listed in protected species conventions such as Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES). One of the main barriers to reducing illegal trafficking of protected species is ensuring that customs officials with appropriate training in wood anatomy are equipped with simple tools, at both the origin and destination of shipments, so they can raise an early warning about wood suspected of contravening international treaties and immediately send samples to a specialised laboratory. This work explains how lenses attached to a smartphone, capable of achieving up to 400× magnification using the phone digital zoom, can be used to distinguish features that are not visible with traditional 10× or 12× lenses, enhancing the capacity to view features not typically observable in the field. In softwoods, for example, this method permits determination of the type of axial parenchyma arrangement, whether there are helical thickenings in axial tracheids and whether axial tracheids have organic deposits or contain alternate polygonal pits, and in the rays, if the tracheids are smooth-walled or dentate and if the cross-field pits are window-like. In hardwoods, it allows verification of the presence of tyloses and deposits in vessels, the type of perforation plates and whether the intervascular pitting is scalariform; in the rays it is possible to differentiate the types of ray cells; and in the axial parenchyma, to determine the presence of oil cells. In addition, unlike macroscopic analysis with a conventional magnifying lens, this type of lens can be used with the appropriate mobile application for the biometry of important elements such as ray height and vessel diameter.

Xylem Anatomy Of Diegodendron HumbertΠ

IAWA Journal ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Dickison
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Type ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Xylem Anatomy ◽  
Tracheary Elements ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Perforation Plates

The first description of the wood of the monotypic Madagascan genus Diegodendron is provided. The xylem of D. humbertii is characterised by short , solitary vessel elements with alternate lateral wall pitting and simple perforation plates, imperforate tracheary elements of the libriform fibre type, nearly all biseriate, imperfectly storied, homogeneous rays composed of procumbent cells only, and diffuse and diffuse-in-aggregates axial parenchyma. The specialised wood anatomy of Diegodendron supports a close alliance with both Sphaerosepalaceae and Malvales.

Wood Anatomy of Amanoa (Euphorbiaceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. John Hayden ◽  
Mark P. Simmons ◽  
Linda J. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Wood Structure ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Wood Fibres ◽  
Lowland Forests ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Diffuse Porous

Wood anatomy of 29 specimens of seven species of Amanoa from tropieal Africa, South America, and the Caribbean is described. The wood is diffuse-porous with most vessels in short radial multiples. Vessel elements are notably long, have simple perforation plates and smalI, alternate intervessel pits; tyloses are present in heartwood. Libriform wood fibres bear thick walls. Axial parenchyma distribution is diffuse and diffuse-in-aggregates. Chambered crystalliferous axial parenchyma is common. Rays are heterocellular, narrow, and very tal!. The species examined, all from moist lowland forests, have similar wood structure. Wood of Amanoa resembles that of other primitive Euphorbiaceae.

Wood Anatomy of Actinostrobus (Cupressaceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Heady ◽  
P. D. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
The Common ◽  
First Time ◽  
Western Australian

The wood anatomy of the Western Australian species Actinostrobus arenarius (Cupressaceae) is described for the first time and its features are compared with those of the two other species in the genus: A. acuminatus and A. pyramidalis. Mature heartwood in A. arenarius is light-brown in colour and has an air-dry density of 0.56 g/cm3. Average tracheid length is 4.3 mm. A very prominent warty layer, with individual warts commonly greater than one micron in height and large enough to be visible to light microscopy, lines the inner walls of tracheids. Callitroid thickening is commonly present in narrow (latewood) tracheids, but is absent from wide ones (earlywood). Axial parenchyma cells with dark-red resinous inc1usions are tangentially zonate in earlywood. Bordered pitting in earlywood and latewood is uniseriate. Pit borders are circular and there is a raised torus. Average ray height is low. Cross-field pitting is cupressoid and the number of pits per cross field ranges from two to five, with a mean of 3.1. Average ray heights, ray frequencies, ray volumes, and numbers of pits present in cross fields are higher in A. arenarius than in A. pyramidalis, thus supporting the classification of A. arenarius as aseparate species within Actinostrobus. Veins of distorted xylem cells, similar in appearance to 'frost rings' occur sporadically in the sterns of a11 three species. If such rings are confined to Actinostrobus, then the combination of a very prominent warty layer, and the common occurrence of frost rings could provide a means of separating Actinostrobus from Callitris. Validation of this scheme requires further research to determine if such rings commonly occur in Callitris.

Comparative Wood Anatomy of Root and Stem in Styrax Camporum (Styracaceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sílvia R. Machado ◽  
Veronica Angyalossy-Alfonso ◽  
Berta L. de Morretes
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Root Anatomy ◽  
Stem Anatomy ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Cerrado Vegetation ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Comparative Wood Anatomy ◽  
Vestured Pits

Styrax camporum Pohl is a shrub common in the cerrado vegetation of south-eastern Brazil. Root and stem wood in Styrax camporum differ quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitative differences follow normal expectations: roots have wider and longer vessel elements, a lower vessel frequency, a lower ray frequency, and wider rays. Qualitative features of the roots are: simple perforation plates, vestured pits, and septate libriform fibres; qualitative features of the stems are: multiple perforation plates, non-vestured pits, and non-septate fibre-tracheids. Based on generally accepted evolutionary trends, root wood of Styrax camporum has more specialized features than stem wood. Additional comparative studies of stem and root anatomy are needed to determine if such differences between root and stem anatomy are widespread, and consistent with the lines of specialization observed in monocotyledons.

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