Siduron Effects on Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) Emergence, Growth, and High Temperature Injury

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Shearman ◽  
E. J. Kinbacher ◽  
K. A. Reierson
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Percent Germination

Spring establishment of tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceaSchreb. ‘Kentucky 31’) is preferred over fall for turfs in Nebraska. Siduron [1-(2-methylcyclohexyl)-3-phenylurea] is commonly used for weed control in spring-seeded tall fescue. Siduron application rates of 6.8, 13.6, 27.2, and 40.8 kg/ha were compared with an untreated control in this study. All siduron applications reduced stand development. The 6.8 kg/ha rate nearly doubled the number of days for seedling emergence. Abnormal seedlings increased with increasing application rates and percent germination decreased with increasing rates. Tiller number declined at rates of 13.6 kg/ha and above. Plants treated with 6.8 kg/ha were 1.3 cm shorter than those growing in the untreated control. Plant and root dry matter production decreased with increasing application rates. Root weight was reduced more than plant weight. Degree of wilting and drought injury increased at 13.6 kg/ha. Water use declined with increased siduron application rates. The amount of water lost before wilting occurred also declined as siduron application rates increased. High temperature injury on seedlings was reduced with increasing rates of siduron. Reduction in high temperature injury was significantly correlated (r = 0.98) to reduced plant tissue moisture.

scholarly journals Impact of Bispyribac-sodium Application on Annual Bluegrass Control and Brown Patch Severity in Tall Fescue

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Matthew Cutulle ◽  
Jeffrey Derr ◽  
Adam Nichols ◽  
David McCall ◽  
Brandon Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Control Field ◽  
Brown Patch ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Application Rates

Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is a problematic weed in tall fescue [Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire], with limited options available for postemergence control. Field research was conducted to evaluate bispyribac-sodium application rates (37 or 74 g ai·ha−1) (0.033 or 0.066 lb ai·A−1) and timings (March, April or May) as well as iron supplementation on brown patch (Rhizoctonia solani) severity, annual bluegrass control, and tall fescue quality. In general, applying bispyribac-sodium to tall fescue did not result in significantly more brown patch than in untreated plots in field trials. Applying bispyribac-sodium in March or April resulted in significantly higher annual bluegrass control than applications in May. In greenhouse experiments, bispyribac-sodium at 37 and 74 g ai·ha−1 (0.033 or 0.066 lb ai·A−1) was applied to brown patch-inoculated tall fescue plants. Under conditions of high inoculum and humidity in those greenhouse studies, applications of bispyribac-sodium increased the number of brown patch lesions relative to untreated plants. Tall fescue plant height was initially reduced after being treated with bispyribac-sodium; however, six weeks after application tall fescue plants in treated with herbicide were taller than the nontreated plants.

The effect of sowing time, sowing technique and post-sowing weed competition on tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) seedling establishment

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
GW Charles ◽  
GJ Blair ◽  
AC Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Direct Drilling ◽  
Spring Sowing ◽  
Autumn Sowing

The effects of sowing time (autumn and spring), sowing technique (conventional cultivation, inverted T direct drill, triple disc direct drill and aerial sowing) and post-sowing weed competition on the establishment of tall fescue were assessed at a field site on the Northern Tablelands of N.S.W. Weed competition [principally Vulpia rnyuros (L.) Gmel.] was removed by pre-sowing herbicide and post-sowing weed control treatments of 0, 30, 60 or 90 days duration. The seedling emergence percentage was monitored until 9 months after the autumn sowing and plots were harvested 9 and 18 months after the autumn sowing. Tall fescue establishment averaged 46 seedlings m-2 from the spring sowing, successful establishment of 15% of viable seed, and 3.5 times better than for the autumn sowing. Eighteen months after sowing, the average dry matter yield of fescue was 960 kg ha-1 for the spring sowing, 33% higher than for the autumn sowing. Aerial sowing resulted in less than 3% establishment at either sowing time. The establishment from the direct drilling machines were equal to that of the cultivated seedbed in the autumn sowing (16 seedlings m-1). In the spring sowing, 79 seedlings m-2 established from the inverted T sowing technique, 43% more than for the cultivated seedbed, and 115% more than for the triple disc. Fourteen months after the spring sowing, post-sowing weed control had reduced the yield of the unsown species 82% on average, and increased the yield of tall fescue by 11956, but had no effect on the final number of established fescue plants. These results show the potential for the establishment of tall fescue on the Northern Tablelands from direct drilling in spring, avoiding many of the problems currently associated with establishment from conventional cultivation in autumn.

scholarly journals Differential Large Crabgrass Control with Herbicides in Tall Fescue and Common Bermudagrass

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1015-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Common Bermudagrass ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Pendimethalin and oxadiazon are used commonly to control crabgrasses (Digitaria spp.) in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]. A field experiment was conducted for 2 years to determine if reduced pendimethalin and oxadiazon application rates would control large crabgrass [D. sanguinalis (L.) Sco.] effectively in tall fescue and common bermudagrass. Oxadiazon applied at 1.1 kg a.i./ha in each of two applications at a 60-day interval (less than recommended rate) effectively controlled large crabgrass (≥93%), regardless of turfgrass species. Pendimethalin applied at 1.1 kg a.i./ha in each of two applications controlled large crabgrass in common bermudagrass effectively (≥90%) but not large crabgrass in tall fescue (47%). The difference in pendimethalin performance between the two species was attributed to the ability of common bermudagrass to compete more successfully than tall fescue with large crabgrass during late summer. Chemical names used: 3-[2,4-dichloro-5-(1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-5-(1,1-dimethylethy1)-l,3,4-oxadiazol-2-(3 H)-one (oxadiazon); N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine (pendimethalin).

Tolerance of Tall Fescue and Kentucky Bluegrass to Chlorsulfuron Under Field Conditions

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M. Maloy ◽  
Nick E. Christians
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Turfgrass Quality ◽  
Severe Growth

Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensisL. ‘Parade’, ‘Adelphi’, ‘Glade’, and ‘Rugby’ # POAPR) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceaSchreb. ‘Kentucky 31’ # FESAR) were treated in field experiments with chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide}. The objectives of the two experiments were to determine if this herbicide has the potential to be used for selective control of tall fescue in Kentucky bluegrass turf. Chlorsulfuron treatments included single rates of 0, 18, 35, 71, 141, 212, and 282 g ai/ha and split rates, applied 14 days apart, of 18 + 18, 35 + 35, 71 + 71, 141 + 141, and 212 + 212 g/ha. Clipping weights and turfgrass quality ratings were taken in both experiments. Kentucky bluegrass showed a higher tolerance to the chemical, with no decrease in turf quality at the highest single and split application rates in both experiments. However, as the chlorsulfuron rate increased, clipping weight decreased. Tall fescue showed a low tolerance to the chemical and was controlled at single rates of 141 g/ha and split rates of 141 + 141 g/ha and greater. Although the tall fescue recovered from damage at single rates of 71 g/ha and split rates of 71 + 71 g/ha, severe growth inhibition and discoloration of aboveground tissue occurred at the lower rates. Twelve months after the first chlorsulfuron was applied in each experiment, glyphosate [isopropylamine salt ofN-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] was sprayed over the plots to kill all existing plant material, and Kentucky bluegrass was seeded into the plots 2 weeks later at the rate of 0.75 kg/100 m2. There was no inhibition of bluegrass seed germination at any of the rates of chlorsulfuron.

scholarly journals Priming with Salt Solutions Improves Germination of Pansy Seed at High Temperatures

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
BeYoung-Han Yoon ◽  
Harvey J. Lang ◽  
B. Greg Cobb
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Seed Respiration

Priming regimes were evaluated on pansy seeds (Viola ×wittrockiana Gam. `Crystal Bowl Sky Blue') in high-temperature germination tests. Priming regimes evaluated included CaCl2, MgCl2, K2HPO4, Na2HPO4, NaCl, KCl, KNO3, Na2SO4, and polyethylene glycol 15,000 (PEG15,000) at –1.0 and –2.0 MPa, for 3, 6, or 9 d at 23 °C. Primed and nonprimed control seeds were then germinated at 25, 30, or 35 °C. Total percent germination of nonprimed control seeds was significantly less at 35 °C than at 25 °C. Seeds primed with CaCl2 at –1.0 MPa for 3 d at 23 °C had significantly higher germination at 35 °C than all other priming regimes tested, including aerated PEG8000 at –1.0 MPa for 7 d at 15 °C. Seed respiration, measured by O2 uptake, during germination of seeds primed with CaCl2 was higher than for control seeds or those primed with PEG8000. Priming pansy seed with CaCl2 at –1.0 MPa for 3 d at 23 °C was effective in increasing seedling emergence and for reducing the time of emergence in summer greenhouse studies.

scholarly journals First-year Response of Turf-type Tall Fescue Cultivars to Different Fertilization Rates and Mowing Heights in Semiarid Conditions

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter F. Ray ◽  
Geno A. Picchioni ◽  
Dawn M. VanLeeuwen ◽  
Ryan M. Goss
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Turfgrass Quality ◽  
Desert Climate ◽  
Semiarid Conditions

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) has desirable attributes as a cool-season turfgrass for the semiarid southwestern United States and the transition zone, but effects of cultural practices on newer cultivars within a desert climate are not adequately known. A field study was conducted between Sept. 1996 and Nov. 1997 to evaluate establishment of 15 turf-type tall fescue cultivars under two mowing heights (2 or 3 inches) and two different annual nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) application rates (N at 13.2 or 26.4 g·m−2, P at 0.9 or 1.8 g·m−2, and K at 11.0 or 22.0 g·m−2). The cultivars included ‘Amigo’, ‘Apache’, ‘Aztec’, ‘Bonanza’, ‘Chieftain’, ‘Cochise’, ‘Confederate’, ‘Coronado’, ‘Crossfire II’, ‘Falcon’, ‘Guardian’, ‘Kentucky 31’, ‘Leprechaun’, ‘Shortstop’, and ‘Virtue’. The fertilizer rate had no effect on turfgrass quality ratings throughout the establishment period, although overall quality was higher in Fall 1997 than during Spring and Summer 1997. The mowing height of 2 inches increased summer quality ratings of 11 of the 15 cultivars as compared with ratings under the 3-inch mowing height. The 2-inch mowing height improved fall quality ratings of seven of the 15 cultivars. No cultivars responded positively to the 3-inch mowing height. Consistently high summer through fall quality ratings were observed when ‘Apache’, ‘Aztec’, and ‘Crossfire II’ were mowed at the 2-inch height as compared with the other cultivar × mowing height treatment combinations. For turf-type tall fescue establishment in semiarid climates, findings support use of a 2-inch mowing height combined with the selective planting of ‘Apache’, ‘Aztec’, and ‘Crossfire II’ over other cultivar × mowing height combinations tested in the study.

Influence of Herbicides on Direct-Seeding Establishment of Birdsfoot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) into Grass Sods

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 567-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean L. Linscott ◽  
Richard H. Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Direct Seeded

Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatusL.) was direct-seeded into five different grass sods after treatment with dalapon (2,2-dichloropropionic acid), glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine], or paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) at varying rates for vegetation control. During establishment, the stands of birdsfoot trefoil were acceptable in all treated- and untreated-sod grass sods except 1 yr in untreated tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceaSchreb.) and timothy (Phleum pratensisL.) and 1 yr in tall fescue receiving 3 kg/ha of dalapon. Herbicide treatments resulted in a more rapid development of a significant legume component in the sward and an increase in forage yield over the untreated plots. Minimum herbicide application rates for best return for grass sod control were 0.5, 1, and 5 kg/ha respectively for paraquat, glyphosate, and dalapon.

scholarly journals Allelopathy of Bermudagrass, Tall Fescue, Redroot Pigweed, and Cutleaf Evening Primrose on Pecan

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1047-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Smith ◽  
Margaret E. Wolf ◽  
Becky S. Cheary ◽  
Becky L. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Evening Primrose ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Total Tree ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Two studies were conducted to determine if selected grass and dicot species had an allelopathic interaction with pecan (Carya illinoinensis Wangenh. C. Koch). Leachate from pots with established grasses or dicots was used to irrigate container-grown pecan trees. Leachates from bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb. cv. Kentucky 31), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), and cutleaf evening primrose (Oenothera laciniata Hill) reduced leaf area and leaf dry weight about 20% compared to the controls. Bermudagrass, tall fescue, and primrose leachate decreased pecan root weight 17%, trunk weight 22%, and total tree dry weight 19% compared to the control. In a second study, trees were 10% shorter than the control when irrigated with bermudagrass or pigweed leachate.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document