scholarly journals Jan Gottman’s concept of megalopolis

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-48
Author(s):  
I. A. Vershinina
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
City Planning ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Urbanized Region

The article deals with Jean Gottmann’s concept of the megalopolis. In the middle of the twentieth century Gottmann fixed the beginning of a new stage of urbanization, which is characterized by the formation of vast urban regions. “Regional iconography” is the basis for his concept of the megalopolis. According to “regional iconography” borders are formed under the influence of culture and lifestyle, and so they are symbolic entities. The development of information and communication technologies, according to Gottmann, changes the daily lives of people, in particular, simplifies moving over long distances, which makes the formation of a megalopolis possible. The researcher focuses on the urbanized region of the northeast coast of the United States, which covers the territory from Boston to Washington. This urbanized region without significant differences between urban and rural areas is called “megalopolis” by Gottmann. Megalopolises, according to Gottmann, are one of the leading forms of urbanization of the 20th century and are considered as the result of the formation of a post-industrial society, with an increasing number of people employed in the service sector who are actively involved in the suburbanization process. One of the main problems is the lack of megalopolises’ effective management, because decision-making requires combined actions from the authorities of several administrative-territorial units. Nevertheless, city planning should be gradually superseded by regional planning, since it corresponds to the urbanization trends fixed in the second half of the 20th century. Gottmann’s ideas on the formation of urbanized regions become common, their continuation are the works of researchers at the Los Angeles School, for example.

scholarly journals PM2.5 polluters disproportionately and systemically affect people of color in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (18) ◽  
pp. eabf4491
Author(s):  
Christopher W. Tessum ◽  
David A. Paolella ◽  
Sarah E. Chambliss ◽  
Joshua S. Apte ◽  
Jason D. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Particulate Air Pollution ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Racial-ethnic minorities in the United States are exposed to disproportionately high levels of ambient fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5), the largest environmental cause of human mortality. However, it is unknown which emission sources drive this disparity and whether differences exist by emission sector, geography, or demographics. Quantifying the PM2.5 exposure caused by each emitter type, we show that nearly all major emission categories—consistently across states, urban and rural areas, income levels, and exposure levels—contribute to the systemic PM2.5 exposure disparity experienced by people of color. We identify the most inequitable emission source types by state and city, thereby highlighting potential opportunities for addressing this persistent environmental inequity.

The Rural-Urban Continuum of Polarization: Understanding the Geography of the 2018 Midterms

The Forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Johnson ◽  
Dante J. Scala
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Political Attitudes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rural America ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Urban America ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Continuum

Abstract This study of the 2018 congressional midterms demonstrates how voting patterns and political attitudes vary across a spectrum of urban and rural areas in the United States. Rural America is no more a monolith than is urban America. The rural-urban gradient is better represented by a continuum than a dichotomy. This is evident in the voting results in 2018, just as it was in 2016. We found that the political tipping point lies beyond major metropolitan areas, in the suburban counties of smaller metropolitan areas. Democrats enjoyed even greater success in densely populated urban areas in 2018 than in 2016. Residents of these urban areas display distinctive and consistent social and political attitudes across a range of scales. At the other end of the continuum in remote rural areas, Republican candidates continued to command voter support despite the challenging national political environment. Voters in these rural regions expressed social and political attitudes diametrically opposed to their counterparts in large urban cores.

A Program to Increase Health Care for Children: The Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Program, by Henry K. Silver, MD, Loretta C. Ford, EdD, and Susan G. Stearly, MS, Pediatrics, 1967;39:756–760

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 102 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 245-247
Author(s):  
Robert A. Hoekelman
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Nurse Practitioner ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Pediatric Nurse ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Pediatric Nurse Practitioner

The increase in population of the United States is occurring at a much more rapid rate than the increase in medical and nursing personnel available to maintain health services at an optimum level. Unless the pattern of furnishing health care, particularly to lower socioeconomic groups in both urban and rural areas, is drastically improved, these groups will suffer from increasingly inadequate health supervision. This paper describes an educational and training program in pediatrics for professional nurses (the “pediatric nurse practitioner” program), which prepares them to assume an expanded role in providing increased health care for children in areas where there are limited facilities for such care.

A Regional Approach to Mobility Management

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Morgan D. Vogel ◽  
Robert Blair ◽  
Jerome Deichert
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Regional Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Transit Services ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Across the United States there is increased pressure for communities, especially in states like Nebraska, to engage in sustainable transportation infrastructure development. Through a case study of an ongoing statewide transportation initiative in nonmetropolitan Nebraska, this chapter examines transportation sustainability and planning from a regional and collaborative perspective. The Nebraska effort can be adapted to other states with significant rural and dispersed population centers. Funded by the state and the federal governments, Nebraska's transportation initiative, using an innovative public-private partnership, is creating and enhancing regional transit services in small urban and rural areas, using public transportation as a means to promote long-term economic growth and sustainability. Smaller urban and micropolitan communities, often serving as regional growth centers, frequently are overlooked when it comes to research on transportation planning and policy.

scholarly journals Lane-Level Road Extraction from High-Resolution Optical Satellite Images

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 2672
Author(s):  
Jiguang Dai ◽  
Tingting Zhu ◽  
Yilei Zhang ◽  
Rongchen Ma ◽  
Wantong Li
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Template Matching ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Road Extraction ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Optical Satellite Images ◽  
Vehicle Management

High-quality updates of road information play an important role in smart city planning, sustainable urban expansion, vehicle management, urban planning, traffic navigation, public health and other fields. However, due to interference from road geometry and texture noise, it is difficult to avoid the decline of automation while accurately extracting roads. Therefore, we propose a high-resolution optical satellite image lane-level road extraction method. First, from the perspective of template matching and considering road characteristics and relevant semantic relations, an adaptive correction model, an MLSOH (multi-scale line segment orientation histogram) descriptor, a sector descriptor, and a multiangle beamlet descriptor are proposed to solve the interference from geometry and texture noise in road template matching and tracking. Second, based on refined lane-level tracking, single-lane and double-lane road-tracking modes are designed to extract single-lane and double-lane roads, respectively. In this paper, Pleiades satellite and GF-2 images are selected to set up different scenarios for urban and rural areas. Experiments are carried out on the phenomena that restrict road extraction, such as tree occlusion, building shadow occlusion, road bending, and road boundary blurring. Compared with other methods, the proposed method not only ensures the accuracy of lane-level road extraction but also greatly improves the automation of road extraction.

Substance Abuse Treatment in Southern California: The History and Significance of the Antelope Valley Rehabilitation Centers

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-205
Author(s):  
Valery Garrett
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Substance Abuse Treatment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Treatment Approaches ◽  
Rehabilitation Centers ◽  
Abuse Treatment

Substance abuse treatment has been a topic of ongoing debate in the United States since at least the 1960s, when the country witnessed the development of several promising new treatment approaches. Although costs to society in connection with substance abuse point to a continuing need for an effective treatment system, there is only a general understanding of the field. Several factors make it difficult to comprehend the treatment structure: the field is comprised of a sprawling combination of public and private facilities, it strives to treat many types of addicts, and it employs a variety of treatment approaches. While there are general studies that attempt to describe the system and its components, few inquiries probe the inside of specific treatment facilities to discern their evolution, mission, and effectiveness. This article, which examines the Antelope Valley Rehabilitation Centers (AVRCs), is one such analysis. Located in rural areas sixty miles from downtown Los Angeles, the AVRCs are Los Angeles County's only directly operated treatment centers. The two centers, at Acton and Warm Springs, are not only the first and fourth largest substance abuse hospitals in the country, but they serve a population larger than that of forty-two states, making them an excellent lens through which to view a portion of the substance abuse treatment system.

scholarly journals The Uneven Perils of Unemployment and Underemployment: The Role of Employment Structure in explaining Rural-Urban Poverty Differences, 1970-2018.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew M Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Employment Structure ◽  
Discouraged Workers ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

There has been a persistent gap in the poverty rate between urban and rural areas of the United States. Much of this gap has be attributed to industrial composition, however employment composition also likely plays a key role. Underemployment and labor force non-participation have been become significant issues in rural areas. This study uses data from the Current Population Survey for 1970 to 2018 to understand how poverty rates among 6 employment groups —(1) not in the labor force, (2) discouraged workers, (3) unemployed workers, (4) low hours workers, (5) low income workers, and (6) adequately employed workers— can explain the persistent gap in poverty between urban and rural areas. Demographic standardization and decomposition techniques reveal that majority of the poverty gap is explained by differences in poverty rates for the employment groups. Rural individuals in all employment group have higher poverty rates than urban individuals in the same group. Analysis also shows that if rural America had either the employment structure or the employment specific poverty rates of urban America than poverty rates would be much lower in rural areas.

scholarly journals Journaling to Develop a Study Abroad Course for Business Majors

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
James G Ward ◽  
Yaprak Dalat Ward ◽  
Scott Jones
Keyword(s):  
Study Abroad ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Intercultural Sensitivity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Business Majors ◽  
Cultural Artifacts ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Travel Type

Objective - This research explored the cultural and educational insights in Thailand to develop a study abroad course for Business Communication students including a pre-departure segment followed by a trip to Thailand. The context was a small mid-western teaching university in the United States of America. Methodology/Technique – The primary researcher collected textual data by means of keeping a daily journal in Thailand including visits and stays in both urban and rural areas for over a period of two months. The journaling included reflections on the primary researcher’s observations and comments about learning sites, opportunities and cultural activities. The data collection also included videotaped interviews, photos of sites, local people, and cultural artifacts to be utilized in the course. Finding & Novelty - Content analysis of the journal yielded three sets of themes which resulted in the development of the course: a) Identification of opportunities to develop and practice intercultural sensitivity, intercultural development, and intercultural competencies; b) recognition of cultural artifacts to bring awareness to the culture of the country visited; and c) identification of a set of practical issues related to international travel. Type of Paper: Empirical. Keywords: Curation, experiential learning, journaling, study abroad, social enterprise, reflection. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Ward; J.G; Ward Y.D; Jones; S. 2020. Journaling to Develop a Study Abroad Course for Business Majors, Global J. Bus. Soc. Sci. Review, 8(1): 30 – 40. https://doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2020.8.1(4) JEL Classification: A30, A39.

Atmospheric Particulate Carbon Observations in Urban and Rural Areas of the United States

1982 ◽  
pp. 343-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Mueller ◽  
K. K. Fung ◽  
S. L. Heisler ◽  
D. Grosjean ◽  
G. M. Hidy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Particulate Carbon ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

scholarly journals Digital Divide and Poverty Eradication in the Rural Region of Northern Peninsular Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Sharifah Rohayah Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Grass Root Level ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Strategic Implementation ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

 One of the ways to eliminate poverty is through Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) that is often promoted as central to reviving and sustaining regional communities. In the context of Malaysia, however, the level of communication in urban and rural areas has seen a gap in terms of access to ICTs. Though various initiatives are taken to close the digital gaps, more efforts are needed. This paper intends to explore the extent to which ICTs in rural areas of northern Peninsular Malaysia are able to raise the socio-economic development of the communities. Using questionnaires and in-depth interviews, emphasis is given to analyze the role of ICTs in poverty reduction processes upholding regional developments. It has been observed that solving common causes for the communities’ access and socio-economic growth needs strategic implementation of policies at the central core and pragmatic implementation of actions at the grass root level.

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