scholarly journals The Algorithm of Information and the Origin of Basic Particles

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 479-497
Author(s):  
Bhekuzulu Khumalo
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Basic Particle ◽  
Basic Characteristics

Everything is information because everything will inform you about itself through our senses, there is no other way to say it when discussing the philosophy of science. All information has similar basic characteristics including randomness. The reality of randomness gave the concepts to the theory of the algorithm of information the basis of all degrees of randomness. Everything is about relationships; the algorithm of information is the tool existence uses to determine the chances of relationships. If everything is about relationships, then relationships must begin with the particles. Not the basic particles having relationships with other basic particles as it was first postulated. The basic particle itself must be the result of an event and thus a relationship, it was not always there. This paper aims to shed some light on the question of where do particles come from? What relationships led to the event that created elementary particles?

Characteristics of Scientific Inquiry

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Miksza ◽  
Kenneth Elpus
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Scientific Reasoning ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Historical Developments

This chapter introduces the reader to basic characteristics of science and situates the design and analysis considerations presented throughout the book within the context of scientific inquiry. A brief description of key historical developments regarding the philosophy of science is provided. An overview of the fundamental aspects of inductive and deductive scientific reasoning and the importance of falsification to scientific progress is presented. In addition, the values of objectivity and transparency as well as the importance of scientific community are stressed. The usefulness of statistical tools for helping researchers clarify their questions, establish criteria for their judgments, and communicate evidence for their claims is also discussed.

Conceptualizing Computer Simulations in Philosophy of Science

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-169
Author(s):  
Timur V. Khamdamov ◽  
Mikhail Yu. Voloshin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Taxonomic Problem ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

In the modern Russian philosophy, discussions about the phenomenon of computer simulations in the scientific research practice of conducting experiments are just beginning to pass the stage of initiation in small interdisciplinary groups studying this new direction for the philosophy of science. At the same time, in Western philosophy by the current moment there have been formed entire directions for the study of computer simulations. Different groups of researchers in different ways form ideas about the basic characteristics of simulations: from skeptical views on their nature, which are of no philosophical interest, to extremely revolutionary attitudes that assign simulations to the main role in the next expected turn of philosophy, comparable in its power to the linguistic turn in early XX century. One of the main controversial issues in Western philosophical thought was the search for relevant criteria and signs of simulations that could create a solid basis for formulating a rigorous definition of this phenomenon. Thus, through the definition, researchers first of all try, on the one hand, to solve the taxonomic problem of the correlation and interconnection of simulations with other types of experiment: natural, laboratory, mental, mathematical. On the other hand, to reveal for philosophy ontological and epistemological foundations of simulations, which carry the potential of new philosophical knowledge. This article is devoted to a brief review of the existing concepts of representatives of Western schools of thought on the phenomenon of computer simulations in the context of the philosophy of science. The structure of the review is built on three basic conceptual directions: 1) definition of the term "computer simulation"; 2) computer simulations as an experiment; 3) the epistemic value of simulations. Such a review can become the subject of discussion for Russian researchers interested in the impact of computer simulations on science and philosophy.

scholarly journals On the application of Gaston Bachelard’s philosophy of science and epistemology to the problem of understanding in history of sociology

Sociologija ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-172
Author(s):  
Dejan Petrovic
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
History Of Sociology ◽  
Gaston Bachelard ◽  
History Of ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Epistemological Break

Sketch of the methodological approach, alternative to presentism and historicism, based on the Gaston Bachelard?s philosophy of science and epistemology and its key concepts like epistemological break, epistemological obstacle and error, will be showed in this text. These two dominant methodological approaches in history of sociology and its similar disciplines try, each in its own way, to provide solution to fundamental problem of the said disciplines, thus the problem of understanding. In other words, how to come to the proper interpretation of specific author?s thought through the analysis of texts left behind him? As it will be presented below, the basic characteristics of presentism and historicism, and therefore their shortcomings, arise from the specific model of science on which these approaches are based upon. It is in this context the relevance of Bachelard?s philosophy of science and epistemology can be seen to the problem of understanding, or to put it in another way, to the solution of mentioned methodological approaches? shortcomings.

Conceptual Analysis in the Philosophy of Science

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-124
Author(s):  
Martin Zach ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Analytic Philosophy ◽  
Historical Trend ◽  
Adequate Understanding ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Science Show ◽  
Scientific Endeavour

Conceptual analysis as a method of inquiry has long enjoyed popularity in analytic philosophy, including the philosophy of science. In this article I offer a perspective on the ways in which the method of conceptual analysis has been used, and distinguish two broad kinds, namely philosophical and empirical conceptual analysis. In so doing I outline a historical trend in which non-naturalized approaches to conceptual analysis are being replaced by a variety of naturalized approaches. I outline the basic characteristics of these approaches with illustrative examples, arguing that recent developments in the philosophy of science show that in order to achieve a more adequate understanding of scientific endeavour we need to prioritize the naturalized accounts of the method.

Development of imaging plate for a TEM and its characteristics

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 100-101
Author(s):  
N. Mori ◽  
T. Oikawa ◽  
Y. Harada ◽  
J. Miyahara ◽  
T. Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Imaging Plate ◽  
Phosphor Layer ◽  
Imaging Device ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
New Type ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Reading System

The Imaging Plate (IP) is a new type imaging device, which was developed for diagnostic x ray imaging. We have reported that usage of the IP for a TEM has many merits; those are high sensitivity, wide dynamic range, and good linearity. However in the previous report the reading system was prototype drum-type-scanner, and IP was also experimentally made, which phosphor layer was 50μm thick with no protective layer. So special care was needed to handle them, and they were used only to make sure the basic characteristics. In this article we report the result of newly developed reading, printing system and high resolution IP for practical use. We mainly discuss the characteristics of the IP here. (Precise performance concerned with the reader and other system are reported in the other article.)Fig.1 shows the schematic cross section of the IP. The IP consists of three parts; protective layer, phosphor layer and support.

Elementary Particles and the Laws of Physics

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Feynman ◽  
Steven Weinberg
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Particles

Recent Developments in the Assessment and Diagnosis of Child Psychopathology

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank C. Verhulst
Keyword(s):  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Child Psychopathology ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Multiple Informants ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Multicultural Knowledge ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Assessment And Diagnosis

In this article, recent developments in the assessment and diagnosis of child psychopathology are discussed with an emphasis on standardized methodologies that provide data that can be scored on empirically derived groupings of problems that tend to co-occur. Assessment methodologies are highlighted that especially take account of the following three basic characteristics of child psychopathology: (1) the quantitative nature of child psychopathology; (2) the role of developmental differences in the occurrence of problem behaviors, and (3) the need for multiple informants. Cross-cultural research is needed to test the applicability of assessment procedures across different settings as well as the generalizability of taxonomic constructs. Assessments of children in different cultures can be compared or pooled to arrive at a multicultural knowledge base which may be much stronger than knowledge based on only one culture. It is essential to avoid assuming that data from any single source reveal the significance of particular problems. Instead, comprehensive assessment of psychopathology requires coordination of multisource data using a multiaxial assessment approach.

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