scholarly journals Biology of Mononychelus planki (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Calopogonium mucunoides (Plantae: Fabaceae)

Acarologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-576
Author(s):  
João Boavida Da Cruz ◽  
Marcela R. da Silva Massaro ◽  
Gilberto José de Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Spider Mite ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Life Table Parameters ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Total Fecundity ◽  
Calopogonium Mucunoides ◽  
Green Mite ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Common Plant ◽  
Spontaneous Occurrence

The spider mite Mononychellus planki (McGregor) has been considered a threat to soybean in Brazil, where it is referred to as soybean-green-mite. It has been reported from several countries in the American continent and in the Caribbean, attacking 68 plant species of 12 families, but mostly Fabaceae and Malvaceae. Calopogonium mucunoides Desv. is a common plant of spontaneous occurrence in Brazil, where it is often attacked by M. planki. Both the mite and C. mucunoides seem to be of American origin. The objective of this work was to evaluate the importance of C. mucunoides as a host for M. planki. Duration of the immature phase (11.5 ± 0.9 – 11.9 ± 0.2 days) was comparable to values reported for the mite on soybean, but total fecundity (18.1 ± 0.5 – 18.7 ± 2.3 eggs) was much lower. Values of life table parameters (rm, R0 and λ) were relatively low, reflecting the reduced ability of M. planki to reach high numbers on this plant, possibly as a result of their co-evolution. Yet, the present study suggests the importance of C. mucunoides in maintaining M. planki population under natural conditions, in the absence of soybean, a plant introduced to the Americas.

South American-Archaic Relations: Additional Comment

1951 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-355
Author(s):  
Gordon R. Willey
Keyword(s):  
Focused Attention ◽  
South American ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
American Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
Additional Comment ◽  
Caribbean Area ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Cultural Connections ◽  
South American Continent

In a recent note Baerreis (1950) has given critical amplification to the question of possible cultural relations between the southeastern United States Archaic and the archaeologically known culture, or cultures, of the lower Parana River, Argentina. A paper of my own (Willey, 1949), on which Baerreis centers his discussion, focused attention on the Caribbean area and the north of the South American continent, giving only brief mention to interesting southeastern resemblances which may be found along the Parana and in the Sambaquis of southern Brazil. I agree that Baerreis has strengthened the case for cultural connections over and beyond the casual comments which I or others have offered.

scholarly journals Los documentos de Medellín

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (309) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Raúl Rosales Carreño
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Creative Imagination ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Key Events

Este artículo quiere ser una mirada retrospectiva a uno de los acontecimientos claves de la historia de la iglesia católica del Continente tanto porque adquirió su madurez como iglesia latinoamericana, como porque comenzó a tener una nueva comprensión postcolonial de la realidad del Continente. A los cincuenta años de este magno acontecimiento realizamos un recorrido literario al diagnóstico que hicieron los obispos católicos reunidos en Medellín. Revisitamos la imagen de nueva sociedad que proyectan y nos gozamos de la profunda cercanía que presentan respecto a las grandes transformaciones que se viven en América Latina y el Caribe hacia fines de la décadas de los 60. Podemos palpar así la cuna que da origen a una iglesia profética que más allá de toda cristiandad retoma centralmente su seguimiento de Jesús de Nazaret, tal como lo pide el papa Francisco actualmente. Como dice Medellín: “es el momento de inventar con imaginación creadora la acción que corresponde realizar, que habrá de ser llevada a término con la audacia del Espíritu y el equilibrio de Dios” (Introducción, 3).Abstract: This article hopes to have a retrospective look at one of the key events of the Catholic Church’s history in the Latin-American Continent both because it has reached its maturity as Latin-American Church and because it started to have a new postcolonial understanding of the Continent’s reality. On the fiftieth anniversary of this great event we carry out a literary exam of the diagnosis made by the Catholic bishops gathered in Medellin. We revisit the image of the new society that they project and enjoy the deep understanding they present with regard to the great transformations that people were going through in Latin America and in the Caribbean towards the end of the 1960s. We can thus get to know clearly the cradle that gave origin to a prophetic church, a Church that far more than all Christianity has retaken its following of Jesus of Nazareth, just as Pope Francisco requests at present. As Medellín said: “this is the moment to invent with a creative imagination the action that we must carry out and that will be carried action that we must carry out with the boldness of the Spirit and God’s equilibrium” (Introduction, 3).Keywords: Conference of Medellín; Documents of Medellín; Literary analysis; Social proximity; Following Jesus of Nazareth; Prophetism.

scholarly journals Hummingbird foraging preferences under natural and experimental conditions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel López-Segoviano ◽  
Maria del Coro Arizmendi
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Resident Species ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Flight Cage ◽  
Feeding Resources ◽  
Common Plant ◽  
Common Plant Species

Background. Different studies have assessed hummingbirds’ preferences for feeding resources, mainly according to floral characteristics such as shape, color, and morphology, in addition to the nectar concentration, quantity, and sugar composition of flowers visited. Flower preferences can also depend on hummingbirds’ life history with respect to flower use. Hence, latitudinal migrant hummingbirds likely differ from resident species as they are accustomed to using a wider range of resources. In this study, we assessed the flower preferences of a migrant and a resident species that are common during winter in northern Mexico using both observational and experimental methods. Methods. We assessed hummingbird preferences for the most common plant species in the study region. In particular, we compared the preferences of two common hummingbird species, one resident (Amazilia beryllina) and one latitudinal migrant (Selasphorus rufus), for the most regionally common plant species, Cestrum thyrsoideum and Salvia iodantha, which have different color flowers yet produce similar energetic rewards. We calculated the Jacob selectivity index from preference data obtained under natural field conditions and with a flight cage in order to evaluate specific interactions. Results: Both hummingbird species showed different visitation rates to the studied plants under natural conditions in the study site. A. beryllina visited the yellow flowers of C. thyrsoideum more frequently, while S. rufus visited the fuchsia flowers of S. iodantha with greater frequency. In the flight cages, both species preferred the fuchsia flowers of S. iodantha when presented in similar or lesser abundance than the yellow flowers. Discussion. Under natural conditions, A. beryllina visited C. thyrsoideum to a greater extent in comparison with S. iodantha yet preferred S. iodantha in the flight cage when other hummingbirds were absent and even when S. iodantha was not the most abundant species. This could confirm that competition is an important process that drives the niche displacement of A. beryllina. On the other hand, the latitudinal migratory species S. rufus maintained its preferences for flowers of a familiar color under both natural and experimental conditions. Conclusions. Our results showed that the feeding preferences of the studied hummingbird species depend on the life history of each species. Therefore, the response of these migratory hummingbird species to feeding resources and possible exclusion from their preferred resources depends on their type of migration, territoriality, and possible associations with local plants.

The Slave Trade and Slavery in the Americas

Slave No More ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 17-40
Author(s):  
Aline Helg
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Chattel Slavery ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
The U.S

This chapter outlines the major phases of the slave trade in relation to colonization and the evolution of the institution of slavery. Between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries, the Christian Western Hemisphere relied on the enslavement of Africans, and as a result, tens of thousands of men, women, and children were deported from Africa to the Caribbean and the American continent for nearly four centuries. This chapter covers slavery in Peru and Brazil in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, as well as the sugar plantations in the Caribbean, Brazil, and North America in the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. This chapter also covers the topics of cotton, sugar, coffee, and chattel slavery in the U.S. South, Cuba, and Brazil in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and explores the similarities and differences in slave systems in the Americas.

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