South American-Archaic Relations: Additional Comment

1951 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-355
Author(s):  
Gordon R. Willey
Keyword(s):  
Focused Attention ◽  
South American ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
American Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
Additional Comment ◽  
Caribbean Area ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Cultural Connections ◽  
South American Continent

In a recent note Baerreis (1950) has given critical amplification to the question of possible cultural relations between the southeastern United States Archaic and the archaeologically known culture, or cultures, of the lower Parana River, Argentina. A paper of my own (Willey, 1949), on which Baerreis centers his discussion, focused attention on the Caribbean area and the north of the South American continent, giving only brief mention to interesting southeastern resemblances which may be found along the Parana and in the Sambaquis of southern Brazil. I agree that Baerreis has strengthened the case for cultural connections over and beyond the casual comments which I or others have offered.

The Relations of Great Britain with Guiana

1923 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
G. C. Edmundson
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
South American ◽  
American Continent ◽  
The South ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Terra Incognita ◽  
Rio Negro ◽  
South American Continent

Guiana, in the larger sense of the word, is that portion of the South American continent bounded on the north and north-east by the ocean; on the south, south-west and west by the river Amazon, its tributary the Rio Negro, the river Cassiquiare, which unites the river Negro to the river Orinoco, and by the river Orinoco itself. It is thus an island; as there is no break in the water-line that surrounds it. This larger Guiana is, however, divided into two distinct portions, separated from one another by a series of mountain ranges stretching from the Orinoco to the river Oyapok. That portion, which lies between these mountain ranges and the sea, differs entirely in character from the Guiana of the watersheds of the Amazon and Orinoco. It consists of a succession of tablelands, rising one above the other, and is watered by a large number of nearly parallel rivers, whose cataracts and frequent rapids render navigation into the interior, except by canoes, practically impossible. In this Guiana, the Guiana with which this paper deals, there have never been any Spanish or Portuguese settlements. At the end of the sixteenth century no attempt had been made by the Spaniards to cross the river Orinoco, or by the Portuguese, to reach the mouth of the river Amazon. Between these two rivers lay a terra incognita, of which nothing was known, until the publication of Ralegh's Discoverie of Guiana in 1595.

scholarly journals Reportage: Methodology Of Literary Journalism

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 720-739
Author(s):  
Raúl Osório Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Participation ◽  
Literary Journalism ◽  
South American ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Social Dialogue ◽  
The North ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The World ◽  
South American Continent ◽  
Sobre Todo

I sustain in my book El reportaje como metodologia del periodismo: una polifonia de saberes (Reportage as the methodology of journalism: polyphony of knowledge), (Osorio, 2017), that journalism leads, guides, interprets, explains, teaches and above all deeply tries to understand the world and its running; thus its essence is freedom of thought, expression and social dialogue or conversation to set in place and to enhance consensus and democratic participation. In this process, journalism shows and enlightens ways (methods) through reportage, which has been very much so studied as a journalist genre around the world; countless books and articles have been published about it and several universities have granted PhD titles for theses written about it.  The North American and European bibliography on it is abundant - which has been taken in consideration at this research - and widely known; but little is known of what has been done in our South American continent. Therefore, in this book I put in perspective two major examples: Brazil and Colombia. Nevertheless, I must emphasize that when this subject is addressed, it is done so through the lens of journalistic genres, but not under the dimension of the methodology of journalism, which has been away from the eyes of theoreticians, scholars and researchers. In this sense, my book is an epistemological turn, as it is innovative and pioneer for contributing with another vision, which studies, analyses and proposes reportage as the methodology of journalism, by presenting some findings and by opening new theoretical perspectives in literary journalism.No meu livro A reportagem como como metodologia do jornalismo. Uma polifonia de saberes (Osorio, 2017), sustento que o jornalismo orienta, guia, interpreta, explica, ensina e acima de tudo tenta compreender em profundidade o mundo e suas ações; por isso sua essência é a liberdade de pensamento, de expressão e de diálogo social ou conversação para pôr em comum e fortalecer o consenso e a participação democrática. Nesse processo, o jornalismo mostra e ilumina caminhos (métodos) através da reportagem, que em todo o mundo tem sido amplamente estudada como gênero jornalístico; e em torno dela tem-se publicado numerosos livros e artigos, e em diversas universidades foram concedidos títulos de doutorado por teses feitas sobre o tema. A bibliografia europeia e americana que tratam o assunto é abundante – e que tive em conta para esta pesquisa –, é de conhecimento geral; mas o que é produzido em nosso próprio continente é desconhecido. Por isso, nesse livro, concentrei-me em dois exemplos importantes: o que foi feito no Brasil e na Colômbia. No entanto, devo reiterar que, quando o tema proposto é abordado, se faz desde a ótica dos gêneros jornalísticos, mas não sob a dimensão da metodologia do jornalismo, que tem estado oculta as miradas dos estudiosos, teóricos e acadêmicos. Neste sentido, o meu livro constitui um giro epistemológico, pois é inovador e pioneiro ao contribuir com outra visão, que estuda, analisa e propõe a reportagem como metodologia do jornalismo, ao mostrar algumas descobertas e abrir novas perspectivas sobre as teorias do jornalismo literário.En mi libro El reportaje como metodología del periodismo. Una polifonía de saberes (Osorio, 2017), sostengo que el periodismo orienta, guía, interpreta, explica, enseña y sobre todo intenta comprender en profundidad el mundo y su accionar; por eso su esencia es la libertad de pensamiento, de expresión y de diálogo social o conversación para poner en común y fortalecer el consenso y la participación democrática. En ese proceso, el periodismo muestra e ilumina caminos (métodos) a través del reportaje, que en todo el mundo ha sido muy estudiado como género periodístico; en torno a él se han publicado numerosos libros y artículos, y en diversas universidades se han otorgado títulos de doctorado por tesis realizadas sobre el tema. La bibliografía europea y estadounidense al respecto, que es abundante – y que he tenido en cuenta para esta investigación –, es de conocimiento general; pero se desconoce lo producido en nuestro propio continente. Por eso en ese libro me centré en dos ejemplos importantes: lo hecho en Brasil y en Colombia. Sin embargo, debo reiterar que cuando se aborda el tema propuesto, se hace desde la óptica de los géneros periodísticos, pero no bajo la dimensión de la metodología del periodismo, que ha estado oculta a las miradas de estudiosos, teóricos y académicos. En este sentido, mi libro constituye un giro epistemológico, pues es novedoso y pionero al contribuir con otra visión, que estudia, analiza y propone el reportaje como metodología del periodismo, al mostrar algunos hallazgos y al abrir nuevas perspectivas sobre las teorías del periodismo literario.

Features of Integration and Metaintegration in American Region

2019 ◽  
pp. 58-64
Keyword(s):  
Integration Method ◽  
South American ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Policy Integration ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Creation ◽  
South American Continent ◽  
Andean Community ◽  
American Region

The analysis of integration of the legal systems of states in the American region is held. In the Southern subregion, a combination of integration and disintegration in cooperation of states led to the creation of two integration entities – MERCOSUR and the Andean Community (AC), in the Northern subregion – NAFTA. The author concludes that the convergence on the American continent, especially using the integration method, helped to implement a special scenario in the southern part of this continent – the meta-integration scenario, with the creation of the Union of South American Nations, uniting the Andean Community and MERCOSUR – something resembling a European one, but at the same time different from it. UNASUR is an effective mechanism for bringing together and integrating the states of the South American continent. Within this Union with notable leadership of Brazil and Argentina the first steps in the direction of the foreign policy integration of the member states are traced. In terms of economic integration, the Union uses the achievements of the AC and MERCOSUR, unifying the legal regulators in the economic sphere and bringing rapprochement to the legal systems of the member states.

The preserved plume conduits of the Caribbean Large Igneous Plateau and their relation with the Galápagos hotspot back to 90 Ma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Maria Gomez Garcia ◽  
Eline Le Breton ◽  
Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth ◽  
Gaspar Monsalve ◽  
Denis Anikiev
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frames ◽  
Thermal Anomaly ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Positive Density ◽  
South American ◽  
Kinematic Models ◽  
Tomographic Data ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Moho Depths ◽  
South American Continent

<p>Remnants of the Caribbean Large Igneous Plateau (C-LIP) are found as thickened zones of oceanic crust in the Caribbean Sea, that formed during strong pulses of magmatic activity around 90 Ma. Previous studies have proposed the Galápagos hotspot as the origin of the thermal anomaly responsible for the development of this igneous province. Particularly, geochemical signature relates accreted C-LIP fragments along northern South America with the well-known hotspot material.</p><p>In this research, we use 3D lithospheric-scale structural and density models of the Caribbean region, in which up-to-date geophysical datasets (i.e.: tomographic data, Moho depths, sedimentary thickness, and bathymetry) have been integrated. Based on the gravity residuals (modelled minus observed EIGEN6C-4 dataset), we reconstruct density heterogeneities both in the crust and the uppermost oceanic mantle (< 50km).</p><p>Our results suggest the presence of two positive mantle density anomalies in the Colombian and the Venezuelan basins, interpreted as the preserved plume material which migrated together with the Proto-Caribbean plate from the east Pacific. Such bodies have never been identified before, but a positive density trend is also observed in the mantle tomography, at least down to 75 km depth.</p><p>Using recently published regional plate kinematic models and absolute reference frames, we test the hypothesis of the C-LIP origin in the Galápagos hotspot. However, misfits of up to ~3000 km between the present hotspot location and the mantle anomalies, reconstructed back to 90 Ma, is observed, as other authors reported in the past.</p><p>Therefore, we discuss possible sources of error responsible for this offset and pose two possible interpretations: 1. The Galápagos hotspot migrated (~1200-3000 km) westward while the Proto-Caribbean moved to the northeast, or 2. The C-LIP was formed by a different plume, which – if considered fixed - would be nowadays located below the South American continent.</p>

scholarly journals Wild Life Preservation in the British West Indies, British Honduras and British Guiana

Oryx ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 332-334
Keyword(s):  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
South American ◽  
British West Indies ◽  
American Continent ◽  
British Guiana ◽  
British Honduras ◽  
Nature Preservation ◽  
The One ◽  
South American Continent ◽  
Wild Life

Problems of nature preservation in British territories of central America may be clearly divided between continental countries, British Honduras and British Guiana on the one hand, and the islands on the other; although the fauna of Trinidad and Tobago has much in common with that of the South American continent. The islands of the Greater and Lesser Antilles have been separated long enough from the mainland and from each other, for them to have developed their own plants and animals. Common to continental and island countries, however, are the migratory shore birds of the western hemisphere.

scholarly journals Multiple incursion pathways for Helicoverpa armigera in Brazil show its genetic diversity spreading in a connected world

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas A. Arnemann ◽  
Stephen H. Roxburgh ◽  
Tom Walsh ◽  
Jerson V.C. Guedes ◽  
Karl H.J. Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
South America ◽  
New World ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
South American ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
South American Continent

AbstractThe Old World cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera was first detected in Brazil with subsequent reports from Paraguay, Argentina, Bolivia, and Uruguay. This pattern suggests that the H. armigera spread across the South American continent following incursions into northern/central Brazil, however, this hypothesis has not been tested. Here we compare northern and central Brazilian H. armigera mtDNA COI haplotypes with those from southern Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, and Paraguay. We infer spatial genetic and gene flow patterns of this dispersive pest in the agricultural landscape of South America. We show that the spatial distribution of H. armigera mtDNA haplotypes and its inferred gene flow patterns in the southwestern region of South America exhibited signatures inconsistent with a single incursion hypothesis. Simulations on spatial distribution patterns show that the detection of rare and/or the absence of dominant mtDNA haplotypes in southern H. armigera populations are inconsistent with genetic signatures observed in northern and central Brazil. Incursions of H. armigera into the New World are therefore likely to have involved independent events in northern/central Brazil, and southern Brazil/Uruguay-Argentina-Paraguay. This study demonstrates the significant biosecurity challenges facing the South American continent, and highlights alternate pathways for introductions of alien species into the New World.

scholarly journals Multiple incursion pathways for Helicoverpa armigera in Brazil show its genetic diversity spreading in a connected world

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Andre Arnemann ◽  
Stephen Roxburgh ◽  
Tom Walsh ◽  
Jerson Guedes ◽  
Karl Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
South America ◽  
New World ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
South American ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
South American Continent

AbstractThe Old World cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera was first detected in Brazil with subsequent reports from Paraguay, Argentina, Bolivia, and Uruguay. This pattern suggests that the H. armigera spread across the South American continent following incursions into northern/central Brazil, however, this hypothesis has not been tested. Here we compare northern and central Brazilian H. armigera mtDNA COI haplotypes with those from southern Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, and Paraguay. We infer spatial genetic and gene flow patterns of this dispersive pest in the agricultural landscape of South America. We show that the spatial distribution of H. armigera mtDNA haplotypes and its inferred gene flow patterns in the southwestern region of South America exhibited signatures inconsistent with a single incursion hypothesis. Simulations on spatial distribution patterns show that the detection of rare and/or the absence of dominant mtDNA haplotypes in southern H. armigera populations are inconsistent with genetic signatures observed in northern and central Brazil. Incursions of H. armigera into the New World are therefore likely to have involved independent events in northern/central Brazil, and southern Brazil/Uruguay-Argentina-Paraguay. This study demonstrates the significant biosecurity challenges facing the South American continent, and highlights alternate pathways for introductions of alien species into the New World.

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