Evaluation of antibody response and nonspecific lymphocyte blastogenesis following inoculation of a live attenuated bluetongue virus vaccine in goats

Although the antibody response induced by primary vaccination with Fel-O-Vax® FIV (three doses, 2–4 weeks apart) is well described, the antibody response induced by annual vaccination with Fel-O-Vax® FIV (single dose every 12 months after primary vaccination) and how it compares to the primary antibody response has not been studied. Residual blood samples from a primary FIV vaccination study (n = 11), and blood samples from cats given an annual FIV vaccination (n = 10), were utilized. Samples from all 21 cats were tested with a commercially available PCR assay (FIV RealPCRTM), an anti-p24 microsphere immunoassay (MIA), an anti-FIV transmembrane (TM; gp40) peptide ELISA, and a range of commercially available point-of-care (PoC) FIV antibody kits. PCR testing confirmed all 21 cats to be FIV-uninfected for the duration of this study. Results from MIA and ELISA testing showed that both vaccination regimes induced significant antibody responses against p24 and gp40, and both anti-p24 and anti-gp40 antibodies were variably present 12 months after FIV vaccination. The magnitude of the antibody response against both p24 and gp40 was significantly higher in the primary FIV vaccination group than in the annual FIV vaccination group. The differences in prime versus recall post-vaccinal antibody levels correlated with FIV PoC kit performance. Two FIV PoC kits that detect antibodies against gp40, namely Witness® and Anigen Rapid®, showed 100% specificity in cats recently administered an annual FIV vaccination, demonstrating that they can be used to accurately distinguish vaccination and infection in annually vaccinated cats. A third FIV PoC kit, SNAP® Combo, had 0% specificity in annually FIV-vaccinated cats, and should not be used in any cat with a possible history of FIV vaccination. This study outlines the antibody response to inactivated Fel-O-Vax® FIV whole-virus vaccine, and demonstrates how best to diagnose FIV infection in jurisdictions where FIV vaccination is practiced.

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Antibody response to immunization with influenza A/USSR/77 (H1N1) virus in young individuals primed or unprimed for A/New Jersey/76 (H1N1) virus

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400069412 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 87 (2) ◽

pp. 201-209 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

N. Masurel ◽

P. Ophof ◽

P. de Jong

Keyword(s):

New Jersey ◽

Side Effects ◽

Antibody Response ◽

Virus Vaccine ◽

Influenza A ◽

H1n1 Virus ◽

Vaccine Dose ◽

Booster Vaccination ◽

Booster Immunization ◽

Group A

SummaryA group of 269 pupils of the Harbour and Transport Training Institute in Rotterdam (group A), aged 13–20 years, and of 109 patients of the Dr Mr Willem van den Bergh Foundation at Noordwijk (group B), aged 11–21 years, were immunized with a whole virus vaccine containing 10, 20, or 40 μg HA of A/USSR/92/77 (H1N1) influenza virus. A booster vaccination was administered 6 weeks later with 20 μg HA of the same virus. Many of the participants had been immunized during the two preceding years with a whole virus vaccine containing A/New Jersey/8/76 (H1N1) (A/NJ/76) virus. The side-effects, mostly of a moderate nature, increased with the dose of virus in the vaccine. In group A side effects were least frequent in the vaccinees who had never received A/NJ/76 vaccine. A single dose of A/USSR/77 vaccine did not produce satisfactory levels of homologous antibodies. After booster immunization with 20 μg HA of A/USSR/77 virus participants showed a higher homologous antibody response in all vaccine-dose groups if they had not been immunized with A/NJ/76 virus in previous years. After primary and especially after booster immunization with A/USSR/77 virus, a very high response against A/NJ/76 virus and adequate levels of A/NJ/76 antibody were found in participants who had been immunized previously with A/NJ/76 virus. Those who had not been immunized with this virus previously showed no or a very low antibody response to A/NJ/76 virus.

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Reassortment of bluetongue virus vaccine serotypes in cattle

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association ◽

10.4102/jsava.v89i0.1649 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Carien van den Bergh ◽

Peter Coetzee ◽

Estelle H. Venter

Keyword(s):

Virus Vaccine ◽

Bluetongue Virus ◽

Vaccine Serotypes

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Bovine viral diarrhea in captive Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep associated with administration of a contaminated modified-live bluetongue virus vaccine

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/1040638718814583 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 107-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Karen A. Fox ◽

Jennifer H. Kopanke ◽

Justin S. Lee ◽

Lisa L. Wolfe ◽

Kristy L. Pabilonia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virus Vaccine ◽

Bluetongue Virus ◽

Rocky Mountain ◽

Late Summer ◽

Bighorn Sheep ◽

Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽

Lymphoid Tissues ◽

Diarrhea Virus ◽

Viral Diarrhea ◽

Gastrointestinal Lesions

In late summer 2017, we observed acute, fatal cases of bovine viral diarrhea in captive Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep ( Ovis canadensis canadensis) in Colorado following use of a contaminated modified-live bluetongue virus vaccine. Following vaccination, at least 14 of 28 (50%) vaccinated bighorn sheep developed hemorrhagic diarrhea, and 6 of 28 (21%) vaccinated bighorn sheep died. Autopsy findings were predominantly necroulcerative-to-necrohemorrhagic gastrointestinal lesions. Less frequent lesions included suffusive hemorrhages of serosal surfaces of abdominal viscera, and lymphoid necrosis in gut-associated lymphoid tissues. All of the 6 bighorn sheep that died were positive on real-time PCR (rtPCR) for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in multiple tissues. Seroconversion to BVDV-1 and immunohistochemistry for BVDV in affected tissues confirmed rtPCR results. Next-generation sequencing confirmed a match between the infecting strain of BVDV-1b and the contaminated vaccine.

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