The use of intrarenal injection of sodium pentobarbital for euthanasia in cats

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Kathleen A. Cooney ◽  
Jennifer A. Coates ◽  
Lesley M. Leach ◽  
Kristin R. Hrenchir ◽  
Lori R. Kogan
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Arrest ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Injection Method ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Viable Method

Abstract OBJECTIVE To determine whether intrarenal injection of sodium pentobarbital is a viable method for euthanasia in anesthetized client-owned cats and assess potential factors associated with time to cardiopulmonary arrest (TCPA) for such treated cats. ANIMALS 131 client-owned cats. PROCEDURES In this retrospective study, client-owned cats presented for euthanasia between March 1, 2009, and January 15, 2010, were evaluated by veterinarians to determine suitability of intrarenal injection versus other methods of euthanasia. Cats included were anesthetized and then received 6 mL of sodium pentobarbital (390 mg/mL) by intrarenal injection. Results for TCPA were compared for cats grouped on the basis of variables of interest. RESULTS 131 cats were included, of which 74 (79%) had a TCPA < 1 minute and 28 (21%) had a TCPA between 1.5 and 8 minutes after intrarenal injection. Most (124/131 [95%]) cats had no observable reaction to the intrarenal injection other than cardiopulmonary arrest. Median TCPA was longer for cats without (1 min; 25/131 [19%]) versus with (0 min; 106/131 [81%]) palpable kidney swelling upon injection. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The effects of intrarenal injection of sodium pentobarbital in cats of the present study were similar to those typically observed with IV administration of euthanasia solution. When this intrarenal injection method is used, cardiopulmonary arrest with few agonal reactions can be expected to occur quickly in most patients. The intrarenal injection method is suited for euthanasia of anesthetized cats with easily located kidneys when IV access may be difficult.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Initial Public School Reopening Plans During the US COVID-19 Pandemic: a Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brystana G. Kaufman ◽  
Nirosha Mahendraratnam ◽  
Thuy-vi Nguyen ◽  
Laura Benzing ◽  
Jessica Beliveau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Public School ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Us

scholarly journals Parental, child and socio-contextual factors associated with parenting self-efficacy among parents of children aged 0–7 years old: the CIKEO study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Fang ◽  
Amy van Grieken ◽  
Irene N. Fierloos ◽  
Dafna A. Windhorst ◽  
Harrie Jonkman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Functioning ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Abstract Background A high parenting self-efficacy (PSE) has been associated with positive parenting and positive child development. However, there is limited and inconsistent information on factors associated with PSE. Objective To investigate factors associated with PSE in parents of children aged 0–7 years old, and to explore whether the associations were different between mothers and fathers. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the baseline data from a prospective cohort study: the CIKEO study. A total of 1012 parents (mean age = 33.8, SD = 5.0) completed self-reported measure of PSE and 18 potential factors associated with PSE. Results Multivariable models revealed that lower parenting stress, fewer child behavior problems, better eating behavior, better parental and child general health, a smaller number of children living in the household, higher perceived level of social support and having a migration background were associated with higher levels of PSE (p < 0.05). The association between family functioning and PSE differed between mothers and fathers (p for interaction = 0.003): with beta and 95% confidence interval being: 1.29 (− 2.05, 0.87), and 0.23 (− 0.46, 3.29), respectively. Conclusions A range of parental, child and social-contextual factors in relation to PSE were identified. The patterns of associations for most of the factors were similar among mothers and fathers. However, the association between family functioning and PSE might differ for mothers and fathers. Our findings are relevant for tailoring and implementing successful interventions and effective policy making in child care. Trial registration Netherlands National Trial Register number NL7342. Date of registration: 05-November-2018, retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with the progression and metastases of hindgut neuroendocrine tumors: a retrospective study

BMC Cancer ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichiro Okubo ◽  
Rika Kasajima ◽  
Masaki Suzuki ◽  
Yohei Miyagi ◽  
Osamu Motohashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Factors Associated

Factors influencing the growth of Mougeotia in experimentally acidified mesocosms

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 538-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L Klug ◽  
Janet M Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Little Rock ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Mesocosm Experiments ◽  
Potential Factors

Acidification causes profound changes in species composition in aquatic systems. We conducted mesocosm experiments in three northern Wisconsin lakes (Trout Lake, Little Rock - Reference, Little Rock - Treatment) to test how different phytoplankton communities respond to acidification. Major differences exist among these lakes in water chemistry and phytoplankton community composition. In each lake, three pH treatments (control, press (sustained pH 4.7), and pulse (alternating pH 4.7 and ambient pH)) were maintained for 6 weeks. We observed a striking increase in species in the genus Mougeotia in all systems. Mougeotia is a filamentous green alga often found in acidified lakes. The magnitude of the Mougeotia increase differed among lakes and treatments, and we used an autoregressive model to identify potential factors responsible for these differences. Our results suggest that biotic factors such as competition with other algae played a relatively minor role in regulating Mougeotia dynamics. Instead, pH and abiotic factors associated with changes in pH (e.g., dissolved inorganic carbon) were important predictors of Mougeotia dynamics.

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with telogen effluvium in adult females at Makkah region, Saudi Arabia: A retrospective study

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I. Fatani ◽  
A.M. Bin mahfoz ◽  
A.H. Mahdi ◽  
K.A. Alafif ◽  
W.A. Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adult Females

scholarly journals Age-related changes in factors associated with delayed extubation after general anesthesia: a retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoya Kobayashi ◽  
Toshihiro Wagatsuma ◽  
Takuya Shiga ◽  
Hiroaki Toyama ◽  
Yutaka Ejima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Delayed Extubation ◽  
Age Related Changes
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