Association of serologic status for Neospora caninum with postweaning weight gain and carcass measurements in beef calves

2000 ◽  
Vol 217 (9) ◽  
pp. 1356-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry S. Barling ◽  
John W. McNeill ◽  
James A. Thompson ◽  
Joe C. Paschal ◽  
F. Ted McCollum III ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Beef Calves

scholarly journals The age of surgical castration affects the healing process in beef calves1

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Norring ◽  
Erin M. Mintline ◽  
Cassandra B. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Birth Experience ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Scrotal Circumference

Abstract Castration is painful for calves. Castrating at an earlier age is often recommended, but little is known about how this affects the healing process or the pain experienced. We compared incision closure, swelling and pain sensitivity of beef calves surgically castrated at 3 (range 0 to 8 d; n = 16) or 73 (range 69 to 80 d; n = 15) d of age. Closure of the incision, as measured with a 5-point scale (1 = fresh wound, 5 = no longer visible), weight gain, and inflammation (skin temperature and swelling, as measured by scrotal circumference) were recorded on d 1, 3, 7, 11, 15, 18, 21, 25, 32, 39, 45, 61, and 77 after the procedure, until all incisions were fully healed. On these same days, pain sensitivity was assessed by applying a known and increasing force with von Frey hairs (0.02 to 300 g-force) at the edge of the castration wound and at a control site, approximately 2 to 5 cm anterior to the teats, until animals showed a behavioral response or the highest force was reached. The incisions of younger calves healed more quickly than older ones [fully healed, median (95% confidence interval); 39 (32 to 61) vs. 61 (61 to 77) d; P = 0.002], however, they had relatively more swelling in the days after castration (P < 0.001). Younger animals reacted to lighter pressure of von Frey hairs compared to older calves especially in the first stages of healing process (P < 0.001), and there were other signs indicative of inflammation processes in this region at this time. However, there was no difference in the control site for either age group. In addition, it took longer for older calves to recover their daily weight gain after the procedure (P < 0.001). Taken together, these results paint a mixed picture about the effects of age of surgical castration. Calves castrated soon after birth experience more tissue swelling and show more signs of pain, but their incisions heal sooner and their weight gain is less affected, when compared to animals castrated around 73 d of age.

INFLUENCE OF COW SIZE AND OTHER FACTORS ON WEIGHT GAIN OF BEEF CALVES TO 365 DAYS OF AGE

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. JEFFERY ◽  
R. T. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
Breeding Herd ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
The University ◽  
Daily Gain

A study involving three sets of data from the University of Alberta beef breeding herd (1966–67, 176 cows; 1967–68, 167 cows; 1968–70, 285 cows) was conducted to determine the influence of birth weight of calf (BW), postcalving weight of dam (PCW), and breed effect on calf performance to 365 days of age. The influence of preweaning on postweaning performance was also considered. Calves heavier at birth tended to excel in both preweaning and postweaning growth rate. A 1-kg increase in BW resulted in an increase of 2.86–4.42 kg in calf weight at 365 days of age. For male calves, PCW was negatively associated with calf weight at both 180 and 365 days of age for 1966–67 data; however, for 1967–68 and 1968–70 data, a 10-kg increase in PCW resulted in 0.70- and 0.92-kg increases, respectively, in calf weight at 180 days, and 1.96- and 2.12-kg increases in calf weight at 365 days, respectively. For female calves, a 10-kg increase in PCW resulted in 1.40-, 0.88-, and 0.29-kg increases in calf weight at 180 days of age, and 0.68-, 1.31-, and 0.31-kg increases in calf weight at 365 days of age, respectively, for the three sets of data. Breed difference explained from 22 to 43% of the variance in average daily gain of calf to weaning (ADG) but only 0.2–13.8% of the variance in postweaning average daily gain (PWADG). Male calves with higher ADG to weaning or heavier weaning weights tended to have slightly higher PWADG. A 10-kg advantage in weaning weight for male calves resulted in a 12–14-kg advantage in weight at 365 days of age.

Ranch-management factors associated with antibody seropositivity for Neospora caninum in consignments of beef calves in Texas, USA

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.S Barling ◽  
J.W McNeill ◽  
J.C Paschal ◽  
F.T McCollum ◽  
T.M Craig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Management Factors ◽  
Ranch Management

Serologic profiles for Sarcocystis sp. and Neospora caninum and productive performance in naturally infected beef calves

2010 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gastón Moré ◽  
Diana Bacigalupe ◽  
Walter Basso ◽  
Magdalena Rambeaud ◽  
Maria C. Venturini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Beef Calves

scholarly journals Effects of Topical Anaesthetic and Buccal Meloxicam Treatments on Concurrent Castration and Dehorning of Beef Calves

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Van der Saag ◽  
Peter White ◽  
Lachlan Ingram ◽  
Jaime Manning ◽  
Peter Windsor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Topical Anaesthetic ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Analgesic Agents ◽  
Time Eating

The use of pain relief during castration and dehorning of calves on commercial beef operations can be limited by constraints associated with the delivery of analgesic agents. As topical anaesthetic (TA) and buccal meloxicam (MEL) are now available in Australia, offering practical analgesic treatments for concurrent castration and dehorning of beef calves, a study was conducted to determine their efficacy in providing pain relief when applied alone or in combination. Weaner calves were randomly allocated to; (1) no castration and dehorning / positive control (CONP); (2) castration and dehorning / negative control (CONN); (3) castration and dehorning with buccal meloxicam (BM); (4) castration and dehorning with topical anaesthetic (TA); and (5) castration and dehorning with buccal meloxicam and topical anaesthetic (BMTA). Weight gain, paddock utilisation, lying activity and behaviour following treatment were measured. CONP and BMTA calves had significantly greater weight gain than CONN calves (P < 0.001). CONN calves spent less time lying compared to BMTA calves on all days (P < 0.001). All dehorned and castrated calves spent more time walking (P = 0.024) and less time eating (P < 0.001) compared to CONP calves. There was a trend for CONP calves to spend the most time standing and CONN calves to spend the least time standing (P = 0.059). There were also trends for the frequency of head turns to be lowest in CONP and BMTA calves (P = 0.098) and tail flicks to be highest in CONN and BM calves (P = 0.061). The findings of this study suggest that TA and MEL can improve welfare and production of calves following surgical castration and amputation dehorning.

scholarly journals Feed, N and P utilisation of Brown Swiss heifers in comparison with Angus and Simmental suckler cows with their progeny grazing mountain pastures

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-308
Author(s):  
H.-R. Wettstein ◽  
B. L. Estermann ◽  
F. Sutter ◽  
M. Kreuzer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Contrast Model ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Daily Body Weight

Abstract. The aim of the present study was to compare intake and nutrient turnover in two major production systems on mountainous pastures, suckler beef production and rearing of heifers. Data from 4 × 6 Angus or Simmental suckler beef cows with Angus sired calves were opposed to those measured in six growing Brown Swiss heifers applying a contrast model. In each of two vegetative seasons (years A and B) animals were kept together on three mountainous pastures, P1 (1 000 m a.s.l.), P2 and P3 (both 2 000 m a.s.l.), providing either first growth (P1, P2) or re-growth herbage (P3). Intake and herbage digestibility were estimated by the double alkane indicator technique. On average of the two years, the cows together with their progeny weighed 741 kg and the heifers 374 kg. The average daily body weight gain in beef calves (1 044 g) was twice of that measured in the heifers (546 g). Body weight of the cows remained quite constant on average. Dry matter intakes were 17.0 and 8.2 kg/d, and 118 and 96 g/kg0.75 body weight in suckler cows with progeny and heifers, respectively. On all pastures, cattle of both categories selected herbage of similar energy and protein content. Digestibilities of organic matter (73–74 %) and fibre (NDF, 69 %) were similar between categories, though differing among pastures. Nitrogen utilisation was equal in both categories (8 % of intake), but varied among pastures (11 %, 8 % and 5 % on P1, P2 and P3, respectively) and years (11 % and 6 % in years A and B) due to different herbage N contents and intakes. When related to intake, also excretion of faecal and urinary N was equal in both categories. Faecal P losses relative to weight gain were similar in both categories but differed between pastures and years. The results demonstrated unexpectedly similar nutrient use efficiencies and relative N and P losses of the two livestock system options currently common in utilising of mountainous pasture.

scholarly journals Efficacy of chemical castration and effects of age at castration and implant regime on growth rate, testicular measurements and testosterone levels of beef calves

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. H. Cohen ◽  
B. D. King ◽  
P. S. W. Hunter ◽  
E. D. Janzen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Testicular Atrophy ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Chemical Castration ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Daily Gain

In 1984–1985 and 1985–1986, groups of 136 and 127 male calves were used to assess the effects of multiple implants (Ralgro or Steeroid), castration time (early or late) and castration method (surgical or chemical) on testicular development and weight gain for 28 d following castration. Ralgro-implanted bull calves had smaller scrotal circumference (P < 0.001) and testicle weight (P < 0.001) than nonimplanted calves at early castration (59 ± 1 d), late castration (157 ± 1 d) and at slaughter (459 ± 3 d). Steeroid had no effect on testicle weight at early castration (40 ± 1 d) but reduced testicle weight (P < 0.001) at late castration (148 ± 1 d). Average daily gain (ADG) during the first 7 d postcastration was less for surgically castrated than chemically castrated calves or bulls following early castration (P < 0.05) but in the 7 d following late castration, bull calves grew faster than surgical castrates (P < 0.05) and surgical castrates grew faster than chemical castrates (P < 0.05). The ADG of calves implanted with Ralgro was greater than that of nonimplanted calves during the 28-d period following early and late castration (P < 0.05) but Steeroid had no effect (P > 0.05) on 28-d postcastration ADG. Chemical castration increased scrotal circumference at 7, 14 and 28 d postcastration (P < 0.001) but by day 56, testicular atrophy was complete in those calves that were successfully castrated. Chem-cast was an effective method of castration in young calves (< 90 kg liveweight), particularly those that had been implanted with Ralgro, but efficacy was reduced (P < 0.05) in older calves (> 150 kg liveweight). Key words: Castration, Chem-cast, Ralgro, Steeroid, testosterone, beef

scholarly journals Liveweight gain by beef calves grazing cool-season annual grass in the spring and supplemented with grass hays

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-439
Author(s):  
D. S. Hubbell ◽  
K. F. Harrison ◽  
A. L. Goetsch ◽  
D. L. Galloway Sr. ◽  
L. A. Forster Jr. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Cool Season Grass

Supplementing beef calves grazing cool-season annual grass with warm- or cool-season grass hay (0.4% liveweight), differing in cell wall content, depressed weight gain more by heifers than steers. Adding supplemental corn (0.8% liveweight) to hay only improved gain by heifers, though gain was not greater than controls for either gender. Key words: Cattle, beef, supplements, pasture, corn, hay

Effects of sex and age on behavior and weight gain in beef calves after abrupt weaning

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Lambertz ◽  
Antje Farke-Röver ◽  
Matthias Gauly
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Beef Calves

scholarly journals Responses of Adipose and Muscle Lipoprotein Lipase to Chronic Infection and Subsequent Acute Lipopolysaccharide Challenge

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Picard ◽  
Denis Arsenijevic ◽  
Denis Richard ◽  
Yves Deshaies
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Acute Response ◽  
Lps Treatment

ABSTRACT Infection of male Swiss Webster mice with Toxoplasma gondii or Neospora caninum leads to long-term alterations in energy balance. Following an initial 20 to 30% weight loss in all T. gondii-infected mice, half of the animals regain most of the lost weight (gainers), whereas the others maintain their low body weight (nongainers). Infection with N. caninum does not elicit weight loss. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL), the enzyme responsible for plasma triglyceride (TG) clearance and partitioning among tissues, is under tissue-specific modulation associated with energy balance. It is also a major determinant of infection-induced hypertriglyceridemia. This study aimed to assess the long-term modulation of adipose and muscle LPL activity in mice infected with T. gondii or N. caninum, to evaluate the effects of subsequent acute lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration, and to relate LPL modulation in these conditions with infection-related changes in body weight gain. Twenty-eight days after infection, LPL activity in muscle of both gainer and nongainer T. gondii-infected mice was reduced by 40 to 50% compared with the levels in controls and N. caninum-infected mice, whereas LPL activity in adipose depots remained unchanged in all infected groups compared to the level in controls. LPS (from Escherichia coli, 100 ng/kg) injection induced a global reduction in adipose LPL in all groups, as assessed 90 min later. In both T. gondii-infected subgroups, muscle LPL was not further reduced by LPS treatment, whereas it was decreased by 40 to 50% in muscles of control and N. caninum-infected mice. Pre-LPS TG levels in plasma were similar in all groups. LPS greatly increased TG levels in plasma in both control and N. caninum-infected animals, whereas it did not alter those of T. gondii-infected gainer or nongainer animals. These results show that (i) independently of the extent of postinfection weight gain, long-term infection with T. gondii chronically reduces muscle LPL, which becomes unresponsive to acute endotoxemia; (ii) modulation of tissue LPL activity during chronic T. gondii infection favors TG partitioning towards adipose tissue; and (iii) skeletal muscle LPL is a key determinant of the acute response of triglyceridemia to LPS.

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