Prognostic factors for survival of dogs with inguinal and perineal mast cell tumors treated surgically with or without adjunctive treatment: 68 cases (1994-2002)

In this study, age, sex, recurrence, metastasis, death rate, and histologic patterns were in agreement with those of previous reports on canine mast cell tumors. Histologic grading, mitotic index, chromosome nucleolar organizer regions stained with silver (AgNORs), and anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were evaluated as indicators of prognosis. Histologic grading, AgNORs estimated in 100 cells, and PCNA-labeled fraction estimated in five high power fields (HPFs) were significantly different between recurring and nonrecurring tumors. Those prognostic factors were also significantly different between tumors that metastasized and those that did not. The survival time was lower in dogs with mast cell tumors with histologic grade 3 (Patnaik's), AgNOR counts higher than 2.25, and PCNA count in five HPFs higher than 261. The significance of these factors as markers for prognosis determined by logistic regression analysis differed with the time period considered. By combining the three most significant prognostic factors in a prognostic index, three models were obtained to determine the probability of nonrecurrence at 3, 6, and 9 months after surgery. The models were accurate in the prediction of the outcome of up to 80% of mast cell tumors. The use of these models provides a less subjective means of prognosticating mast cell tumors than the use of any one component alone.

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Beclin-1 is a novel predictive biomarker for canine cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumors

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/03009858211042578 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 030098582110425

Author(s):

Britta J. Knight ◽

Geoffrey A. Wood ◽

Robert A. Foster ◽

Brenda L. Coomber

Keyword(s):

Mast Cell ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Systemic Disease ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Beclin 1 ◽

Skin Tumor ◽

Adjunctive Treatment ◽

High Grade ◽

Mast Cell Tumors ◽

Significant Difference

Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are the most common skin tumor of the dog, and accurately predicting their clinical behavior is critical in directing patient therapy, as they range from benign lesions to a fatal systemic disease. Grading is useful for prognosis, but it cannot predict the behavior of all MCTs. We hypothesized that biomarker immunolabeling in tumor tissues would correlate with patient morbidity and mortality. A clinically annotated tissue microarray (TMA) of primary, recurrent, and metastatic (to lymph node) canine dermal and subcutaneous MCTs was created. Some dogs whose MCTs were included in the TMA did not receive adjunctive treatment after surgical excision of the MCT, whereas others were treated with one or a combination of chemotherapy, radiation, or oral toceranib. Immunohistochemistry for beclin-1, an autophagy protein, was performed followed by digital image analysis. Beclin-1 immunolabeling was higher in recurrent tumors (mean H-score 110.8) than primary MCTs (mean H-score 73.5), and highest in lymph node metastases (mean H-score 138.5) with a significant difference in means ( P < .001). While beclin-1 level was not prognostic, it was strongly predictive for survival after adjunctive treatment; dogs with high beclin-1-expressing tumors showed poorer survival compared to those with low beclin-1-expressing tumors (HR = 5.7, P = .02), especially in Kiupel high-grade tumors (HR = 16.3, P = .01). Beclin-1 immunolabeling was the only significant predictive factor by multivariable analysis ( P = .04). These findings may improve our ability to predict the response to adjunctive therapy. Importantly, these data suggest that autophagy inhibitors may be useful in improving response to treatment for dogs with high-grade MCTs.

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Iridium-192 Interstitial Brachytherapy as Adjunctive Treatment for Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors

Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association ◽

10.5326/0400309 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 309-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Nicole C. Northrup ◽

Royce E. Roberts ◽

Todd W. Harrell ◽

Karen L. Allen ◽

Elizabeth W. Howerth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mast Cell ◽

Radiation Treatment ◽

Interstitial Brachytherapy ◽

Adjunctive Treatment ◽

Mast Cell Tumors ◽

Iridium 192 ◽

Grade Ii ◽

Cutaneous Mast Cell ◽

Second Tumor

Eleven dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) were treated with surgery and iridium-192 (192Ir) interstitial brachytherapy. Minimum tumor doses ranged from 47.2 to 63.3 Gy. Treated tumors were classified as grade II (n=7) or III (n=4). Five dogs had recurrences with a median progression-free interval of 1391 days, and six dogs had no recurrence at a median follow-up time of 942 days. Acute adverse effects were well tolerated, and late effects were mild. One dog developed a second tumor of a different cell type in the radiation treatment field.

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Immunohistochemical Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor as a Prognostic Marker for Canine Mast Cell Tumors

Topics in Companion Animal Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.tcam.2020.100506 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 100506

Author(s):

Samanta Rios Melo ◽

Eric Vieira Januário ◽

Erika Zanuto ◽

Bruna de Castro Miranda ◽

Thais Rodrigues Macedo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

Mast Cell ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Prognostic Marker ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Immunohistochemical Expression ◽

Mast Cell Tumors ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor

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Stereology in Grading and Prognosis of Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/0300985820985138 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 030098582098513

Author(s):

Mafalda Casanova ◽

Sandra Branco ◽

Inês Berenguer Veiga ◽

André Barros ◽

Pedro Faísca

Keyword(s):

Mast Cell ◽

Clinical Outcome ◽

Prognostic Value ◽

Histological Grade ◽

Intraobserver Variability ◽

Low Grade ◽

High Grade ◽

Mast Cell Tumors ◽

Cutaneous Mast Cell ◽

Grade Iii

Canine cutaneous mast cell tumors (ccMCTs) are currently graded according to Patnaik and Kiupel grading schemes. The qualitative and semiquantitative parameters applied in these schemes may lead to inter- and intraobserver variability. This study investigates the prognostic value of volume-weighted mean nuclear volume ([Formula: see text]), a stereological estimation that provides information about nuclear size and its variability. [Formula: see text] of 55 ccMCTs was estimated using the “point-sampled intercept” method and compared with histological grade and clinical outcome. The clinical history of dogs treated with surgical excision alone was available for 30 ccMCTs. Statistical differences in [Formula: see text] were found between grade II ([Formula: see text]= 115 ± 29 µm3) and grade III ccMCTs ([Formula: see text]= 197 ± 63 µm3), as well as between low-grade ([Formula: see text]= 113 ± 28 µm3) and high-grade ccMCTs ([Formula: see text]= 184 ± 63 µm3). An optimal cutoff value of [Formula: see text] ≥ 150 µm3 and [Formula: see text] ≥ 140 µm3 was determined for grade III and high-grade ccMCTs, respectively. In terms of prognosis, [Formula: see text] was not able to predict the clinical outcome in 42% of the cases; however, cases with [Formula: see text]<125 µm3 had a favorable outcome. These results indicate that, despite having limited prognostic value when used as a solitary parameter, [Formula: see text] is highly reproducible and is associated with histological grade as well as with benign behavior.

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